摘要
近年来,国家大力提倡义务教育均衡化,深入规划教育资源,不断推进义务教育的均衡发展。但在以往的教育资源规划评价中,大多利用现有的资源指标进行评价,很少考虑教育资源的地理空间分布,在一些地方学校资源紧缺,而一些地方教育资源过剩,未对教育资源进行合理的配置。为促进一个地区教育公平,使教育资源配置均衡,必须了解该地区基础教育资源的空间分布状况,针对资源的分布进行有效的资源调配与优化,了解教育资源总体情况,为下一步的均衡化奠定基础。
本文在研究教育资源的空间布局过程中,在总结学习国内外公共基础设施资源布局评价方法的基础上,利用地理信息系统技术及可达性等评价方法定量的分析教育资源的空间分布状况。文章在学校教育服务区的划分、学校资源的评价、基础教育资源的可达性评价等方面做了深入的研究,并应用GIS技术建立教育服务区划分模型、教育资源可达性评价模型、学校容量计算模型等,将计算的教育服务范围内的人口数量同学校教育资源和规模进行对比,找出学校资源分配不合理之处;通过对基础教育资源可达性的评价,找出研究区内教育资源相对冗余丰富和相对缺少薄弱的地点,为进一步优化配置教育资源提供决策支持。
在评价模型建立的基础上,以Visual Studio 2005为系统开发的主框架,设计基础教育资源布局分析评价系统,使用C#程序设计语言,结合ArcEngine9.2组件技术,完成系统的设计与功能模块的开发。
应用开发的系统模块,选取宣武区小学的空间属性数据进行研究。通过计算得出每个学校的教育容量和教育规模,并同期服务区内的人口进行对比,计算出服务区内教育资源过剩和不足的学校;并通过教育服务区的划分和可达性评价计算,得出该地区小学资源相对较好的地区与教育资源不足的薄弱地区。根据宣武区小学教育资源空间分布情况与评价结果,本文尝试对该地区基础教育资源进行优化配置。提高了教育资源的覆盖度,居民单元获得学校教育资源的便捷程度。
Recently, China advocates and prompts the balance of the compulsory education vigorously, projects the educational resource impartially. In order to achieve the balance, we must find out the distributing status of the fundamental educational resources, and accordingly adjust and optimize it effectively. The traditional programming seldom uses the spatial analysis to do the quantitative analysis of the education resource. Therefore, some areas are short of the education resource, while others are overmuch.
This paper uses the geographical information system technology into the spatial distribution evaluation, summarizes and studies the evaluation methods of the public fundamental educational resource's distribution in home and abroad, researches the distributional status of the educational resource by the accessibility. The paper studies the distribution of the schooling service area, the evaluation of the schooling resource, and the evaluation of the fundamental education resource's accessibility. It compares the population of the education service area with the schooling resource and scale by using the GIS technology and finds out the unbalance sections of the schooling resource's distribution. Through the evaluation of the fundamental educational resource's accessibility, educing where the educational resource is relatively feeble and where the resource is redundant, aiming at offering the decision-making to optimizing he educational resource.
Base on the model design, the author conceives the Visual Studio 2005 as the main frame of the system, combining the C# programming language with the ArcEngine9.2 component module technology, Designing the model system and developing the functional module to analyze the distribution of the educational resources, realizing the function module of the evaluation operational system.
Base on function module of evaluation system, select primary school in Xuanwu district as test data, calculating the educational scale and capability of each school, contrasting with the population of contemporary service district, I find out which schools lack of the educational resource and which are redundant in this district. Furthermore, according to the distribution of the educational service district, using the accessibility method to seek out which districts are sufficient in the primary school resource and which are feeble. In addition, trying to optimize the basic education resource in order to broaden the educational service area and make the citizens to acquire the schooling resource more conveniently.
引文
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