摘要
随着我国墙体改革、建筑节能环保等相关政策的推行,住宅产业现代化逐渐提上日程,加快传统建筑业的技术进步和优化升级,开发新的住宅结构体系成为工程界的首要任务之一。纤维石膏速成板是一种添加防水玻璃纤维的轻质石膏空心大板,在其空腔内浇注混凝土可以作为承重结构,为使纤维石膏速成板—混凝土组合构件在我国应用,本文对这种新型组合构件的受力性能和抗震性能进行较为系统试验研究和有限元分析,主要研究工作如下:
1.测定纤维石膏速成板抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和波松比等基本力学性能指标,并且对芯柱混凝土与纤维石膏速成板之间的黏结性能进了初步的探索性试验。试验得到抗压强度、抗拉强度的应力—应变关系,为以后非线性有限元分析提供材料本构关系曲线。
2.通过对4组14片不同形式组合墙体足尺试件进行水平低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,研究不同灌芯形式速成板组合墙体的抗剪承载能力和主要破坏模式,考查这种墙体的刚度、延性以及能量耗散能力,结果表明不同灌芯形式的组合墙体承受外力时作为一个整体共同工作,墙体具有良好的承载能力、刚度、能量耗散能力以及延性性能,得到四折线骨架曲线,为确定和分析这种墙体的抗震性能提供依据。
3.应用美国ADINA通用有限元软件进行辅助试验分析,首先建立各种灌芯形式组合墙体的有限元模型,结合试验结果论证有限元模型的合理性,然后进行扩大参数分析,研究混凝土灌芯情况、配筋形式、剪跨比、混凝土强度等级等参数对组合墙体承载力的影响。
4.本文提出一种新型的纤维石膏速成板—钢筋混凝土密肋叠合板。对此叠合板在单调荷载作用下的弯曲性能进行试验研究,测定叠合板的整体性能,应用ADINA有限元软件对叠合板进行非线性分析,并提出计算叠合板开裂荷载和极限荷载的建议公式。
5.对隔孔灌注混凝土纤维石膏速成板组合墙体的偏心受压性能进行试验研究,结合已有的澳大利亚试验结果,分析与探讨本文试验墙体的抗压承载能力以及破坏特征。研究结果表明,组合墙体偏心受压破坏形式为失稳破坏,其抗压承载力满足普通多层房屋建筑的承载力要求。
Along with the promotion of policies on wall material innovation and implementation of energy-saving and environmental-friendly buildings in China, modernization of the housing industry has been gradually put on the agenda. One of the tasks under highest priority in engineering would be to accelerate the optimization and upgrade of the traditional building techniques, and to develop new residential structure systems. Fiber-reinforced gypsum panel is a lightweight hollow-section panel made of plasterboard mixed with waterproof glass-fiber, which would work as a gravity-carrying system after the hollow section filled reinforced concrete. In order to promote the use of this type of structural members in our country, the bearing capacity and seismic-resistant behavior of this new type of composite members were investigated through experimental studies and FEM analyses, with research results summarized in this dissertation. The research work mainly covered the following aspects:
1. Mechanical properties including compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and poisson’s ratio of the fiber-reinforced gypsum panel were tested, and preliminary and exploratory experiments were conducted on the bonding strength between the core concrete and the gypsum panel. The stress-strain curve acquired from the compressive strength test and tensile strength test will be used for the non-linear FEM analysis in the future.
2. Through pseudo-static cyclic tests on four groups of fourteen full-scale composite walls with different types, the shear capacity and major failure modes of composite walls with different core formation were studied, and the wall stiffness, ductility and energy-dissipation capacity were investigated. It turned out that the, fiber-reinforced gypsum panel and core concrete work together to resist the external load, and the composite wall has good load-carrying capacity, stiffness, energy dissipating capacity and ductility. The four-line skeleton curve is also acquired which could be used for analyzing and determining the seismic-resistant capacity of the wall in the future.
3. The experimental results have been compared with analytical results using the FEA program ADINA. The FEA model of each type of concrete-filled composite walls were built, and then validated by comparing the analytical results with experimental results. Parametric studies were conducted on this basis, which would investigate the effects of concrete core formation, rebar lay-out, shear-span ratio and concrete strength on the load-carrying capacity of the composite walls.
4. A new type of composite floor slabs made of fiber-reinforced gypsum panel and reinforced concrete was proposed in this dissertation. The overall performance of the composite floor slabs was obtained through full scale static bending tests and nonlinear FEA analyses were carried on the composite floor slabs by ADINA. Furthermore the equation for calculating the cracking capacity and the ultimate capacity of the composite slabs was proposed.
5. The performance of the fiber-reinforced gypsum panel with concrete filled in every one or two or three cores under eccentric axial load is studied through experimental research. The compressive capacity and failure modes were discussed along with experimental results from Australia. The test results showed that the failure mode of the composite wall specimens under compression was buckling, and the compressive capacity satisfied the requirements for ordinary middle-rise and high-rise buildings.
引文
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