摘要
随着航天技术迅猛发展,遥感影像数据日益成为民用空间信息服务的主要数据源,因此海量遥感影像数据的专项保护技术急待研究。
目前,针对一维文本数据、多维多媒体数据的保护方法,如版权保护的数字水印技术,保障数据机密性的加密技术,已有大量的可行性研究。但这些保护技术面对遥感影像数据的海量、重构图的精度要求,显示了无法克服的弱点。
分组加密算法常用于大数据量的加密保护。如果直接用于遥感数据,就无法避免同一密钥的高频使用。此外,以数学复杂变换为保障的分组加密算法所需的计算资源,是实时数据处理中难于承受的。
数字水印技术是用于数字多媒体数据的版权保护的技术。遥感数据解译精度要求,使得水印的添加位置和强度大小受到限制,必须具有强抗压缩的能力。
依照Kerckhoff第一安全原则和系统安全判定的依据,本文结合遥感影像的编码方法和遥感影像解译的要求,提出了以下保护方法:
(1)基于嵌入式零树编码(Zero-tree Embedded Coding ,EZW)的鲁棒性版权保护方法:
压缩是对遥感影像数据版权的主要攻击手段。EZW是高效的编码方法,在遥感数据的EZW域,采取量化替换策略进行水印添加,在满足遥感影像数据精度的要求下,实现了具有抗压缩攻击能力的鲁棒性版权保护。
(2)引入混沌加密理论的数据保护方法:
混沌系统对初始条件敏感,长期性演化不可预测,为实现计算机真随机数序列提供了方法。本文首次引入了安全的TD-ERCS混沌系统,实现了静态专题解译遥感影像数据在DCT压缩域多维单向性置乱保护的方法,解决了分组加密时密钥复用的致命弱点。
(3)提出了EZW算法与混沌加密相结合的实时传输保护方法:
实时数据处理的计算资源是有限的,数据加密过程受到计算资源的制约。本文提出的组合算法,运用混沌理论,在遥感影像数据的EZW压缩域,对实时数据进行置乱保护,满足遥感影像精度要求的同时解决了计算资源占用的问题。
With the rapid development of space technology, data from global positioning systems, photogrammetric and remote sensing technology have become the important data source of SIG service. Therefore, the protection technologies for remote sensing images are in urgent need to research.
There are a large number of feasible protection methods for one-dimensional text stream and multi-dimensional multimedia stream. However, these technologies are incapable to protect the massive remote sensing data.
Block cipher algorithm is current the protection means for large volume of data. If it were directly applied to remote sensing data, there would be the following problems. Firstly, it can not be avoided the high-frequency of key use. Secondly, the computer resources are rarely capability for encryption on real-time data processing.
Digital watermarking technology is copyright protection for digital multimedia data. The request of remote sensing data interpretation accuracy makes the watermark position and intense are limited. Compression attack is the main attack means for robust watermark.
Therefore, the remote sensing copyright protection technology must be strong enough to against compression assault.
Accordance with the Kerckhoff’s first principle of security and the deduced rule of system security, this paper proposes protection methods for remote sensing images with the coding technology by analyzing the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data to satisfy the precision request of interpretation. The protection methods are followed:
(1) Robust copyright protection scheme based on Zero-tree Embedded Coding (EZW)
EZW is a highly efficient coding method for the massive data compression ratio during the datum transmission. The proposed watermark scheme in this paper on the EZW domain satisfies the requirements of precision and compression.
(2) Introducing the chaos encryption theory to encrypt data
The chaotic encryption theory is different from the traditional way on key’s diffuseness and confusion. The proposed scheme in this paper takes full advantage of the sensitivity on initial values to diffuse key to get certain and stochastic chaotic sequences, and takes full advantage of the reconstruction difficulty of the non-period and reproducible chaotic sequence to to get non-correlated chaotic sequences. The proposed symmetrical algorithm avoids the high frequency use of key in block cipher algorithm by introducing secured TD-ERCS chaotic model.
(3) Encryption algorithm combining EZW and chaos for the real-time/ quasi-real-time remote sensing image
The massive volume real-time/quasi-real-time remote sensing image protection and transmission are limited by the computing resources. The proposed algorithm scrambled the EZW coefficients by chaotic sequences to ensure the data confidentiality in transmission.
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