摘要
环境与食品安全快速检测技术是国家实施环境保护和食品安全计划重要的技术支撑,对于实现社会可持续发展、保障人民健康具有重要意义。本文来源于国家科技部十五食品安全重大专项课题“瓜果蔬菜农药残留快速筛选测定仪”,在圆满完成科技部项目要求的基础上,作为该项目的延伸与扩展,对环境与食品安全快速检测技术进行了深入的系统性研究。本论文的主要研究内容与结论如下:
1.研究了亚临界水萃取这一简单高效的绿色样品前处理技术,并将该技术首次用于食品安全现场快速检测。对食品中甲醛、吊白块以及农药残留的亚临界水萃取方法的研究结果表明,该技术具有简便、快速、高效及绿色的优点。在建立了亚临界水萃取方法的基础上,研制了适用于快速检测场合的微型化亚临界水萃取仪。
2.研究了基于光度分析原理可以同时测量多种指标的便携式多通道检测仪。创新性地将片上系统SoC应用到便携式智能分析仪器的开发中,用以替代单片机加外围器件的传统设计。即简化了仪器结构,又提高了仪器的稳定性与可靠性,同时降低了仪器硬件成本。仪器结构简单、体积小、使用方便,因而可以满足环境与食品安全现场快速检测对仪器的要求。
3.针对快速检测技术的需要,提出了在便携式快速检测仪上实现的新算法。这些算法包括:①线性回归计算中异常点自动筛选算法;②动力学分析中新的校正算法;③酶动力学分析法的温度校正算法。
4.与仪器配套的化学试剂盒的研究应用是实现现场快速检测的必要条件。本文研究了六价铬、铅、镉、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、甲醛、吊白块、COD、氨氮、磷酸盐、氰化物、氟化物、余氯与总氯等十余种与环境监测和食品安全检测有关的快速检测试剂盒,并与目前实验室标准分析方法进行了分析化学特性的对比研究。结果表明这些试剂盒在准确度、精密度、线性关系等主要分析化学性能方面与现有实验室方法一致。
5.将亚临界水样品前处理技术、便携式多样品多指标快速检测仪以及相应的现场快速分析试剂盒等技术进行了系统集成,以一台便携式多样品多指标快速检测仪为载体,提供了一个环境与食品安全快速检测的成套技术与解决方案。
The rapid determination technology for environmental monitoring and food safety is a very important technical support of the environment protection and food safety plan. It is also significance to the sustainable development and people's health. This research was financial supported by the key project“Rapid Screening Instrument of Pesticide Residue in Vegetables and Fruits”, from National Ministry of Science and Technology. The rapid determination technology for environmental monitoring and food safety was systematically studied in this paper. The major contents and conclusions of this research were presented as following:
1. Sub-critical Water Extraction (SbWE), a simple and efficient pretreatment technique, was studied as a green extraction method of environment and food samples. SbWE was firstly used as a rapid on-site pretreatment method for food safety. The formaldehyde, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and pesticide residue of methamidophos in food samples were extracted efficiently. The results showed that SbWE technique has the advantages of simple, rapid, efficient and green. Based on the research of SbWE, the miniature sub-critical water extractor for rapid determination was developed.
2. The portable multi-channel spectrometer with multi-sample simultaneous measurement function was studied in this research. System-on-a-Chip (SoC) technique was firstly used in the development of portable intelligent analyzer to replace the traditional system-on-a-board design. By using SoC, the structure of a spectrometer was simplified. SoC not only enhanced the stability and reliability of the spectrometer, but also reduced the hardware cost. With the simple structure, small outline and friendly interface, this spectrometer is particularly suitable for the rapid determination of environment monitoring and food safety.
3. New algorithms for the rapid determination of environment monitoring and food safety were studied in this research. Automatic screening algorithm of abnormal data for linear regression calculation, improved algorithm for kinetic analysis and temperature calibration algorithm for enzyme analysis were successfully used in the portable spectrometer.
4. More than ten kinds of chemical reagent kits for rapid determination of environment monitoring and food safety coupled with the portable spectrometer were studied, such as Cr(VI), Pb, Cd, NO2-, ,NO3-, formaldehyde, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, COD, NH4+, PO43+, CN-, F, Cl2, etc. The analytical characteristics of these chemical reagent kits, such as accuracy, precision and linearity, were compared with standard laboratory methods.
5. The integration of SbWE pretreatment technique, portable multi-channel spectrometer and chemical reagent kits for rapid determination of environment monitoring and food safety was realized. A integrated technique for rapid determination of environment monitoring and food safety was provided based on the portable multi-sample & multi-parameter rapid analyzer.
引文
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