摘要
农资连锁经营对于在激烈的市场竞争中建立高效的农资销售渠道具有十分重要的现实意义。当前发展农资连锁经营,首先要优化整合资源,建立农资物流配送网络；而建立农资物流配送网络的前提是做好经营网点布局和配送中心选址的优化,以最少的资源配置满足最大的需求覆盖范围,这就是本文研究的目的。
论文的研究对象为农资连锁经营网点和配送中心,首先对农资连锁经营进行综述,包括农资连锁经营概念界定、经营主体分析、现状分析及我国农资连锁经营发展对策；然后从网络系统和配送体系两方面探讨了农资连锁经营网点配送资源的构成；接着分别对农资连锁经营网点布局和配送中心选址的影响因素进行分析,为模型构建奠定基础。
在对经营网点布局和配送中心选址两个问题深入阐述的基础上,作者认为应该从一体化角度来实现经营网点布局和配送中心选址优化模型的构建。以村镇火车站或汽车站作为农资物流的起点,农户作为终点；以空间相互作用模型为基础,考虑经营网点和配送中心建设、用地和农资运输等费用,文中构建了一体化优化农资连锁经营网点和配送中心布局、规模和数量的双层规划模型。模型中,上层目标函数满足经营网点到农户的运输费用、配送中心到经营网点的运输费用、经营网点的土地费用和建设费用之和最小；下层目标函数满足经营网点到配送中心的运输费用、火车站或汽车站到配送中心的运输费用、配送中心的土地费用和建设费用之和最小。上下层目标函数通过经营网点销售的农资产品量构建约束关系。双层规划模型属于NP-Hard问题,本文选择遗传算法开发求解该双层非线性优化模型的算法。最后,在实证分析中,应用河北省武安市的人口分布基础数据求解模型,验证了模型求解的有效性。
Agricultural material chain operation can set up efficient agricultural material sales channels in the drastically competitive market, which is meaningfully quite. To develop agricultural material chain operation now, the first thing is to optimize and combine resources so that to build agricultural material logistics distribution networks. But the precondition is to optimize operation network and distribution center location, aiming at using minimal resource to meet maximal demand, which is the purpose of this thesis.
Agricultural material chain operation network and distribution center are the study object of this thesis. It first summarizes agricultural material chain operation, including concept definition, operation main-body analysis, present situation analysis, feasibility analysis and problem and countermeasure analysis. Then it discusses agricultural material chain operation distribution resource structure in the aspects of network system, distribution system, facility instrument and human resource. Meanwhile influence factors of agricultural material chain operation network and distribution center location are discussed.
Basing on describing operation network and distribution center location problem, this thesis considers building optimization model of operation network and distribution center location as a whole. Basing on space reciprocity model, this thesis builds a bi-level programming model to optimize space distributing, scale and scalar of agricultural material chain operation network and distribution center, setting railway station or coach station as agricultural material logistics origin and farmer as terminal point. The upper object function minimizes the sum of transport costs of network to farmer and distribution center to network, land charges and construction cost of network; the lower object function minimizes the sum of transport costs of network to distribution center and railway station or coach station to distribution center, land charges and construction cost of distribution center. Bi-level programming model belongs to NP-Hard problem. The author builds algorithm for the bi-level nonlinear optimization model basing on genetic algorithm. At last, the author applies population distribution data of Hebei province Wuan city to model solution, meanwhile validate validity of model solution.
引文
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