企业跨国经营及其内部管理
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摘要
跨国公司的历史已有近二百年,而跨国公司在全球范围内的蓬勃发展则是近四十年的事。但在短短的四十年中,跨国公司一跃成为世界经济的主宰力量,由跨国公司主导的全球经济一体化和贸易自由化已成为当今世界不可抗拒的潮流。面对加入WTO更加剧烈的竞争局面,国际化的成败也成为我国许多企业生死攸关的问题。
     占领海外市场、实现全球资源配置、发挥企业综合优势是跨国经营的动因。进行全球化方略时,一体化和当地化的协调是所有企业要面对的问题。协调好了一体化和当地化,企业才能在国际经济合作、国际市场营销、内部国际分工等的规划中有从容地应对各种复杂情况,本文用了较大的篇幅介绍一体化和当地化的协调。合理有效的内部国际分工是企业实现全球资源配置,节约成本的有效途径。合理的组织结构是跨国公司运转的必要条件,本文着重介绍了事业部与地区管理的交叉结构。
     企业内部管理工具是跨国公司在长期的经营实践中加以总结而形成的。本文对跨国公司的会计及报表系统,财务管理系统、预算管理系统、人力资源系统、内部审计等工具进行了详尽的分析和描述,并且以瑞士CGS公司的内部管理工具为案例,做了进一步的实证分析。
     据企业国际化的阶段模型,我国企业国际化状况远落后于国家的经济状况。本文对我国企业国际化战略进行了初步探讨,并分析了海尔集团初见成效的国际化。相信借助于中国加入WTO这一契机,更多的中国企业将迈上国际化经营的新台阶。
The history of multinational operation is close to 200 years,while it has been prospering about 40 years. During this 40 years,multinational company has been dominant force of global economics. The trend of economic globalization and trade liberalization pursued by multinational companies has been unchangeable. Confronting more fierce competition under WTO rule,
    Occupying overseas market,allocating resource globally and developing integrated advantage are the main purpose of internationalization. Coordination of integration and responsiveness is the challenge for all multinational companies when they conduct internationalization,only this job is well implemented,multinational companies are capable to deal with complicated transactions in international economic corporation,international marketing and international layout. Efficient internal layout becomes the base of global resource allocation and cost saving for multinational companies. Influent daily operation of multinational companies depends on a well- designed organization chart. As the most prevailed structure,division and region cross structure is illustrated in this thesis.
    Internal management tools are formed during long term multinational operation. In this thesis,the illustration and analysis of accounting and reporting system,planning and budget system,human resource system and internal audit system are very detail. For the sake of describing management tool clearly,Switzerland based company - CGS (Not real company name) is selected as a real case here.
    Based on the model of internationalization phase,internationalization of Chinese enterprises is far behind current economic status of China. A primary ponder of internationalization of Chinese enterprises is brought forward in the last chapter. Being successful in internationalization in recent years,Haier group is selected here to impress readers. Recurring to China joining WTO,it is believed the internationalization of Chinese enterprises will improve dramatically in the near future.
引文
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