摘要
长久以来，“三农”问题是我国现代化建设的基本问题，同时也是关系到我国工业化、城镇化、共同富裕、可持续发展等一系列中国社会发展的重大问题。虽然，目前我国农业发展有了长足的进步，取得了相当大的成就，但是与其它产业相比，农业始终是我国国民经济中的薄弱环节，在发展的过程中还存在一些问题，然而如何克服这些问题？现在有越来越多的学者提出农业产业集聚是农业高效化发展的一个方向，是解决现有农业发展问题的一剂良药。
农业产业集聚在我国的发展仍属于刚起步的阶段，目前发展较为成功的一个农业产业集聚区是山东寿光蔬菜集聚，在山东寿光蔬菜集聚的影响下，有不少地方政府已将培育和扶持农业产业集聚发展作为一种区域战略付诸实施。因此，在我国农业发展由传统农业向现代农业转型的关键时期，在我国农业产业集聚的兴起之时，加强对农业产业集聚的形成机制和运作模式的理论研究，进行我国农业产业集聚所产生效应的实证研究，探讨农业集聚与工业集聚的异同显得尤为紧迫。研究农业产业集聚的相关问题，在理论上，有助于完善国内农业产业集聚的理论体系，弥补国内农业产业集聚效应问题研究的不足；在实践上，它不仅有助于为各省份集聚式发展现代农业提供借鉴，而且可以为政府有关部门制定现代农业发展战略、规划、政策提供决策参考，使我国的农业发展少走弯路，达到更理想的效果。因此，在我国当前经济形势下，研究农业产业集聚问题具有极其重要的理论和现实意义。
本文在综合分析研究国内外学者关于农业产业集聚研究成果的基础上，运用产业经济学、微观经济学、计量经济学和发展经济学等有关原理，从农业产业集聚的形成机制入手，研究农业产业集聚效应，并提出相应对策。本文主要研究内容及创新点如下：
1、农业产业集聚的形成机制。以资源禀赋、产业环境、外部环境和竞合互动等四个变量为视角，采用因子分析和结构方程模型（SEM）等定量方法，检验了上述四个变量对农业产业集聚形成机制的作用。国内研究这方面的学者很多，但研究方法均为规范研究，目前尚未有用实证方法研究形成机制的文献。本文通过调研获取数据，建立结构方程模型，用SPSS和AMOS软件对数据进行处理，研究结论表明农业产业集聚的形成是由于农业资源禀赋的存在促进了产业环境和外部环境的改善，进而引起产业内的竞合互动。在此基础上，通过对安徽省特色农业集群的典型调查和分析，总结出农业产业集群的发展模式，将农业产业集聚划分为农民合作组织协调型、龙头企业带动型、市场依托型、科技支撑型等发展模式。
2、农业产业集聚的产业发展效应。在对农业产业集聚全面认识的理论基础上，本文用实证的方法，分别从产业增长贡献率和产业竞争力两个角度探讨了农业产业集聚对产业发展的影响，结果显示加强农业产业集聚度，有利于提升产业集聚对于产业增长的贡献、有利于提升农业的竞争力、有利于农业的增长，但农业产业集聚对于产业增长的贡献更多体现在集聚程度的动态变化，而不在于某一年份的集聚程度的大小。农业产业集聚与产业竞争力的相关性表明，当集聚度越高的时候，产业竞争力的优势越明显，但如果集聚程度不是很高的时候，则会出现集聚度与竞争力不一致的情况。因此，加强集聚程度有利于提高农业产业的竞争力。
3、农业产业集聚的技术发展效应。本文分别探讨了农业产业集聚的技术进步效应以及技术创新效应的影响因素，结果显示农业产业集聚与区域技术进步紧密联系，互为因果，区域的农业技术进步效应推动产业竞争力的增强，促使产业集聚，而农业产业集聚会使资本、人力资本空间集聚，产业内竞争加剧，进一步推动技术进步。在此研究基础上，通过进一步分析得出了农业产业集聚区的网络结构、知识溢出以及吸收能力对于农业技术创新的影响机理。
4、农业产业集聚的社会发展效应。本文分别从农民就业和收入的角度探讨了农业产业集聚的社会发展效应，结果显示农业产业集聚对于农民就业问题具有解决和推动作用，但是对农民收入增长的影响不是很显著。
5、发挥农业产业集聚效应的对策建议。本文根据上述农业产业集聚效应的理论和实证分析结果，创造性地从发挥产业增长效应、发挥技术发展效应和发挥农民社会福利效应三个方面进行了总结，提出具有实际操作性的建议。
For a long time,"Three Rural Issues" China's modernization of the basic issues related to China'sindustrialization and urbanization, and common prosperity, sustainable development and a series ofmajor issues of social development in China. Although agricultural development in China has madesubstantial progress and achieved considerable success, but compared to other industries, agriculturehas always been the weak link in our national economy, there are still some problems in the process ofdevelopment, however, how to overcome these problems? Now there are more and more scholars togather for the industrialization of agriculture is the efficient development of agriculture in onedirection, a medicine to solve the existing agricultural development.
The agricultural industry agglomeration in the development of our country still belong to just thebeginning stages, at present developed a more successful agricultural industry gathering area isshandong shouguang vegetables agglomeration in the shandong shouguang vegetables under theinfluence of agglomeration, many local governments have will foster and support agriculturalindustrial agglomeration development as a regional strategy into practice. Therefore, in our countryagriculture development from traditional agriculture to modem agriculture the key period of transition,in our country agriculture industry agglomeration of the rise of, to strengthen the formationmechanism of the agricultural industrial cluster and operation mode of the theoretical study, theagricultural industrial cluster effect produced the empirical research, explores the concentration andthe similarities and differences of industrial cluster is especially pressing. To study agriculturalindustrial agglomeration of related problems, in theory, help to improve domestic agriculturalindustrial cluster theory system, make up for domestic agricultural industrial cluster effect limitationsof the study; In practice, it not only helps for the province of agglomeration development of modernagriculture of provide the reference, and for the government to the relevant departments, formulatemodern agricultural development strategy, planning, policy provide reference for decision, make ourcountry agriculture development actuality, achieve a more ideal effect. Therefore, in China's currenteconomic situation, the agricultural industry gathering problem has important theoretical and practicalsignificance.
In the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the basis of the agriculturalindustry gathering research, the use of the relevant principles of industrial economics, microeconomics,econometrics and development economics, the formation mechanism starting from the agriculturalindustry to gather to study the agricultural industry clustering effect, and the correspondingcountermeasures. This paper studies the content and innovation points as follows:
1.An agricultural industrial agglomeration formation mechanism. Four variables of the resourceendowments, industrial environment, external environment and competing interaction perspective, the use of quantitative methods of factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) inspection ofthe four variables on the agricultural industry gathers to form a mechanism. Domestic researchscholars and research methods are normative study, not yet useful empirical method of formationmechanism of the literature. Through research to obtain data to establish the structural equationmodeling using SPSS and AMOS software for data processing, research findings show that theformation of agricultural industrial clustering due to the existence of the agricultural resourceendowments to promote improvement in the industrial environment and the external environment,thereby causing the intra-industry competing interaction. On this basis, the typical survey and analysisof cluster characteristics of agriculture in Anhui Province, summed up the agricultural industry clusterdevelopment model, the agriculture industry agglomeration divided coordination type for the farmers'cooperative organizations, driven by leading enterprise, relying on the market type, the scientific andtechnological support type and mode of development.
2.The agricultural industry agglomeration effect of industrial development. To gather acomprehensive understanding of the industrialization of agriculture based on the theory, the empiricalmethod, respectively, from the industrial growth in the contribution rate and the two angles ofindustrial competitiveness of the agricultural industry to gather the impact of industrial development,results show that strengthening the agricultural industry concentration degree conducive to enhancingthe industry to gather for the contribution of industrial growth is conducive to enhancing thecompetitiveness of agriculture, agricultural growth, agricultural industry gathering more reflected inthe dynamic changes of the agglomeration degree of the contribution of industry growth, rather than ayear the size of the degree of agglomeration. Agricultural industrial clustering and industrialcompetitiveness, when the concentration degree of the higher, industry, competitive advantage is moreobvious, if agglomeration degree is not very high, it will be the concentration degree ofcompetitiveness inconsistency.Therefore, to strengthen the degree of agglomeration is propitious toimprove the agricultural industry competitive power.
3.Agricultural industrial cluster development of technology of effect. This paper discusses thetechnology progress of the agricultural industrial cluster effect and the influence factors of technologyinnovation effect, and the results showed that the agricultural industry agglomeration and regionaltechnical progress closely and they are the cause, the area of agricultural technology progress topromote the competitiveness of the industry enhancement effect, make industry cluster, andagricultural industrial cluster can make capital, human capital space agglomeration, competition in theindustry intensified, to promote technological progress. On the basis of this study, the paperobtainedby further analysis of the network structure of the agricultural industry gathering area, knowledgespillovers and absorptive capacity for agricultural technological innovation mechanism.
4.Agricultural industrial agglomeration of social development effect. This paper respectivelyfrom the farmers' employment and income are discussed by the agricultural industrial cluster effect of social development, and the results showed that the agricultural industrial cluster employmentproblem for farmers have solve and promote the role, but for the farmers' income growth's influence isnot significant.5.Play to agricultural industrial cluster effect of countermeasures. In this paper, according to theagriculture industry cluster effect theory and empirical analysis results, creatively play from industrygrowth effect, play to the technological development effect and play farmers social welfare effects ofthe three aspects, summarizes the operational has put forward some Suggestions.
引文
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