农机购置补贴政策实施效果研究
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摘要
实现农业现代化、改变落后传统农业一直是我们坚定不变的国策,实现农业现代化关键因素之一在于提高农业机械化水平,近几年的中央一号文件中也是多次提出要提高农业机械化水平。2004年,国家首次将农机购置补贴纳入支农惠农的政策体系之中,并由此催生了农机购置补贴政策。农机购置补贴政策的实施使我国的农业机械购置补贴资金持续上升,而该项资金推动了我国农业机械化水平的提升。对于我国农业补贴政策的研究,在理论研究层面,可谓成果丰硕,但是研究主要集中于对WTO框架下我国农业支持政策的研究,以及对粮食直补、良种补贴等政策的研究,对于农业机械购置补贴政策的研究相对不足;南方多山多丘陵的复杂地形,不同地方的地形可能相差很大,农机购置补贴政策的实施要考虑当地地理环境、经济条件等诸多因素,不同地方农机购置补贴政策的具体落实、实施成效和存在问题可能各不相同。因此,对福建农机购置补贴政策的研究对于深化农机购置补贴政策有重要的现实指导作用,同时也丰富和发展了农机购置补贴政策的理论研究。
     围绕农机购置补贴政策实施效果的问题,本研究在综述有关农业机械购置补贴政策的基础上,以农户行为理论、制度经济学理论和福利经济学理论等三个理论为分析基础,在调研福建6个县、12个乡(镇)、36个行政村、360户农户的基础上,通过调研数据的整理分析,实证研究了农机购置补贴政策实施对农户购机行为、农户水稻生产行为和农户收入的影响。首先,运用Probit模型实证分析农业机械购置补贴政策对农户购机行为的影响。实证研究结果表明:户主的年龄、户主受教育程度、农户水稻种植规模、家庭非农就业比例、农机操作经验等因素显著影响农户购机行为。其次,采用Logit模型和多元线性回归模型实证分析农机购置补贴政策对农户水稻生产行为的影响。实证结果表明:农户农业劳动力人数、农户从集体承包的耕地面积数量是影响农户是否扩大水稻种植面积显著因素;农户水稻生产收入预期、农户农业劳动力人数、农户从集体承包的耕地面积、农户对农机购置补贴的评价是影响农户扩大水稻种植面积的显著因素。再次,对农业机械购置补贴政策对农户收入增长的影响进行实证研究。该部分实证结果表明:农业机械总动力和农机购置补贴资金对农户人均纯收入增加影响显著;同样,户主教育水平、户主的健康状况和农机拥有量对农户家庭纯收入增加影响显著。
     通过以上主要内容的研究分析,本研究提出了建立多元化投入机制增加对农业机械化的投入、补贴方式采取财政与金融并举、适时下放农机具购置补贴资金、农机购置补贴标准实行差别化对待、加大农机操作人员的技术培训、提高农机具供货和售后服务质量、加大政策宣传力度等提高农机购置补贴政策成效的建议。
Agriculture problem which is the important factor is restricting our national economic development,to realize agriculture modernization, change the backward traditional agriculture has been our firm constant policy.To improve the level of agricultural mechanization is one of the key factors to realize agricultural modernization,the country has issued a number of central file,in order to improve the level of agricultural mechanization in recent years.In2004,the state for the first time bring the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy into the policy that supports and benefits for farmers.The implementation of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy in our country makes funds of agricultural machinery continue to rise,and the fund promote the level of our agricultural mechanization.For the research of our country agricultural subsidy policy,it has got great achievements in the theoretical research level.But the research mainly focus on China's agricultural support policy under the framework of WTO,the grain direct subsidy and thoroughbred allowance. But the research of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy is relative shortage,the complex terrain southern is has more mountainous hills,different parts of the terrain may vary considerably.The implementation of the policy of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies should consider the local geographical environment,economic condition,and many other factors.Therefore the specific implementation of different local agricultural machinery purchase policy,the effect of the implementation and the existing problems may be not identical.So the above problems for deepening the study of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy has important guidance function,enriched and developed the theory of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy at the same time.
     Around these problems,in this paper the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy basis,regarding farmers behavioral theory,institutional economics theory and welfare economic theory as the analysis framework.On the basis of the research of Fujian6countries,12township(town),36administrative villages and360peasant households.Through the analysis of data of empirical research,finding the effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on peasant households buying machine behaviour,rice production efficiency and peasant households income.Research mainly divided into three parts.First of all, the empirical research of the influences of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on farmers buying machine behaviour. This part use Probit empirical results show that:the factors of peasant households buying machine behaviour are such as householders age, education Ievel,household's planting scale,family non-agricultural employment scale,agricultural machinery operation experience.Secondly the empirical analysis of the influence of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies on farmers rice production behaviour.This part adopts Logit model and multiple linear regression model,the empirical results show that the number of peasant households and the number of cultivated land area influence significantly peasant households wether peasant households expand rice planting area.The significant factors influencing peasant households expand the rice planting area are such as peasant households expectations of rice production income,the number of fann workers,the cultivated land area,the evaluation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy.Finally agricultural machinery purchase subsidy influence fanners income growth.This part of the empirical results show that the influence of the total power of agricultural machinery and machine purchase subsidy funds of the per capita net income of farmers increase is significant.Also, the head of the household education level, the head of the household health status and the ownership of agricultural machinery on their household net income increase significantly influence.
     Through researching and analysing the above the main contents.This study gives policy recommendations from the perspective such as developing a diversified input mechanism to increase the investment of agricultural mechanization, subsidy way fiscal and financial simultaneously, timely giving machinaery of subsidy funds, differentiation treatment of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy standard implement, increasing agricultural machinery operation personnel's technical training, improve agricultural supply and after-sales service quality, strengthening policy propaganda perspective, such as policy recommendations.
引文
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