区域海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展研究
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摘要
科技创新与经济发展之间存在着较强的互动关系,相互影响、彼此制衡。两者在高效互动状态中能够产生强大合力,推动区域经济社会快速健康发展。因此,如何在更高层次上实现科技创新与经济发展紧密融合和高效互动,由此培育形成强大的经济社会可持续发展驱动力,已成为许多国家或地区高度重视的重大课题。随着海洋在区域经济社会发展中战略地位和重要作用的日益凸显,以及以海洋资源开发利用为基础、以可持续发展为理念的蓝色经济发展需求的不断增强,作为人类社会经济和科学技术体系重要构成的蓝色经济与海洋科技,它们之间的互动发展问题也引起了人们的广泛关注。
     蓝色经济是一种基于海洋资源和环境可持续开发利用的全新经济发展模式,培育和发展区域蓝色经济,将对海洋科技创新提出更高的要求,海洋科技创新在区域蓝色经济发展中的支撑和引领作用也将更加突出。海洋科技创新的持续和快速推进,将有效保障蓝色经济发展所需生态资本的可持续供给,促进传统海洋产业升级及发展新兴产业,推动海洋产业高效集聚和集群式发展,壮大区域蓝色经济规模,提升国内外市场竞争力。蓝色经济发展能够产生强大的反哺效应,为海洋科技创新奠定雄厚的物质基础。海洋科技创新需要持续不断的资本投入,特别是高附加值产业技术研发及成果转化所需要的资本投入强度会更大,而只有持续发展的蓝色经济才能为海洋科技创新提供有效的资本保证。由此可见,促进海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展紧密融合和高效互动,会起到强有力的彼此支撑和促进作用,并由此形成巨大合力,推动海洋科技和蓝色经济实现协同发展。
     海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展虽然具有较强的相关性,然而它们之间的相关性却不是一个简单的线性相关关系,甚至可能是互不关联的点。之所以存在非线性相关,主要原因在于海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展之间缺乏健全的互动机制体系。机制体系不健全或机制构成要素薄弱,会影响互动机制整体功能的正常发挥,阻碍和制约两者的良性互动,弱化彼此作用效果。促进海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展线性相关,实现“科技经济化、经济科技化”,需要建立完善、协同、高效的互动运行机制体系,以此支撑和引导两者良性高效互动,推动区域海洋科技创新与蓝色经济协同发展,提升对区域经济社会发展的贡献。
     围绕促进海洋科技创新与蓝色经济高效互动,带动区域蓝色经济可持续发展和沿海社会进步,本文以海洋可持续发展理论、创新理论、新经济增长理论、制度经济学理论等重要理论成果为基础,运用定性和定量分析、比较分析、系统分析及规范分析等研究方法,对区域海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展问题进行了较系统的理论分析和实证研究。首先,从理论视角探讨和分析了海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展的互动关系,以青岛市为对象定量测度了两者的相关程度,研究和分析了制约青岛市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展的原因和因素;其次,介绍了一些典型国家的蓝色经济与海洋科技互动发展状况,对这些国家促进两者互动的政策制度安排进行了总结分析,提出了可资借鉴的经验;第三,着眼于将青岛市建成具有重大示范意义和强大辐射带动作用的蓝色经济核心集聚区,基于其优势、潜力和制约因素的综合分析,研究提出了促进青岛市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济高效互动发展的战略设想,在互动机制建设和创新创业文化培育方面提出了相应对策建议。
     主要研究内容包括:
     第一部分为绪论。主要阐明本文的研究背景、意义、内容、创新点及不足等,并对本领域国内外的主要研究成果进行介绍和评价。
     第二部分为相关基础理论和基本概念。对与本文研究内容相关的基本理论,如新经济增长理论、创新理论、海洋可持续发展理论等进行了总结叙述。重点对科学技术与海洋科学技术、海洋科技创新与海洋科技进步、经济增长与经济发展、海洋经济与蓝色经济等四组重要概念进行了辨析和界定。
     第三部分为海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展的互动关系。论述了海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展之间的相互促进作用体现及作用机理,提出两者之间存在非线性相关,并对成因进行了分析,探讨了克服非相关性促进两者良性互动的机制体系建设问题。
     第四部分为海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展的实证分析。以青岛市为例,在总结分析该市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展现状的基础上,利用数理模型对两者发展相关度进行了实证测评,分析了造成青岛市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展弱相关的原因。
     第五部分为海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展的国际经验借鉴。以美国、日本和西欧国家等为研究对象,分析了这些发达国家蓝色经济与海洋科技创新互动发展情况,对这些国家的经验和做法进行了总结分析,以资借鉴。
     第六部分为促进青岛市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展的战略思考。对该市海洋科技创新与蓝色经济互动发展面临的国内外环境进行了分析,以此为基础建立了促进两者互动的战略框架,提出了发展原则、战略目标及重点任务。
     第七部分为对策建议。以青岛市为对象,根据该市蓝色经济与海洋科技创新互动发展战略目标及任务要求,针对存在的制约因素和问题,以国际经验为鉴,围绕促进两者良性互动提出了有关机制体系建设和创新创业文化培育方面的对策建议。
     通过对以上内容的研究,本文的创新成果可能体现在以下方面:一是探讨了海洋科技创新与蓝色经济发展的互动关系,在一定程度上丰富了经济与科技关系理论体系。通过对区域蓝色经济与海洋科技互动发展进行专题理论研究,剖析了海洋科技创新在蓝色经济发展中的主导作用及机理,分析了蓝色经济对海洋科技创新的反哺作用,较好地弥补了已有研究的不足和缺陷,有助于增强对经济发展与科技创新之间关系的理解。二是建立了促进特定区域海洋科技与蓝色经济互动发展的战略框架。基于青岛市海洋科技与蓝色经济领域现状、潜力及面临的国际形势,从战略层面进行了促进两者互动的系统思考,提出了战略发展的原则、目标及任务,针对存在的问题与制约因素,围绕促进两者高效互动提出了有关机制体系建设和创新创业文化培育的对策建议,由此形成了青岛市蓝色经济核心区和“蓝色硅谷”建设背景下促进区域蓝色经济与海洋科技高效互动发展的战略框架。
Technological innovation interacts closely with economic development. They influence each other andcheck and balance each other. Through efficient interactions, they can produce great driving power to promoteregional economic and social development in a rapid and healthy fashion. Therefore, how to integrate them andachieve efficient interactions at a higher level to promote sustainable economic and social development hasbecome the concern of many countries or regions. With the uplifting of the ocean’s position and role in regionaldevelopment, and with the increasing requirements for blue economic development through development andutilization of the marine resources in a sustainable manner, the interactive development of blue economy andmarine technologies, both being important players in our social, economic and technological system, hasattracted increasing attention.
     Blue economy is a new form of economic development featuring sustainable development and utilizationof the marine resources and the environment. The cultivation and development of regional blue economy setforth stricter requirements on the innovation of marine technologies, and give prominence to the leading andsupporting characters of marine technology innovation in regional economic development. Continuous andrapid progress of marine technology will provide effective guarantee for the sustainable supply of ecologicalcapital needed for blue economic development, and promote the upgrading of traditional marine industries anddevelopment of emerging industries. It can also speed up industrial clustering, and improve regional blueeconomic presence and market competitiveness both at home and abroad. The development of blue economywill have tremendous back-feeding effects on marine technology innovation. Marine technology innovationneeds continuous capital investments, particularly for the research and development of value-addedtechnologies and transformation of research achievements. Only sustainable development of blue economy canprovide effective capital guarantee for marine technology innovations. Therefore, when marine technologyinnovation is integrated with blue economic development to achieve efficient interactions, it will generate greatpower to drive coordinated development of marine technologies and blue economy.
     Marine technology innovation and economic development are closely related. However, their relevance isnonlinear. There might even be unassociated points. The nonlinear correlation results in a lack of a soundinteraction mechanism between them. An unsound system or system with weak links will affect the functioningof the entire system, prevent or restrict benign interactions, and weaken the working effect. Therefore, toimprove the linear correlation between marine technology innovation and blue economic development andrealize “economy-based technological development and technology-backed economic development” requires an efficient, well-coordinated interaction mechanism to support and guide benign interactions, promotecoordinated development of regional marine technology innovations and blue economy development, and servethe regional economic and social development.
     Focusing on how to promote interactions between marine technology innovation and blue economicdevelopment to achieve sustainable economic development and social progress in coastal areas, this paperprovides systematic theoretical analysis and empirical study on the interaction of regional marine technologyinnovation and blue economy development based on a range of theories such as theories on sustainabledevelopment, innovation, new economic growth, and institutional economics, by means of qualitative andquantitative analysis, and comparative, systematic and normative analysis. At first, the interactive correlationsbetween marine technology innovation and blue economic development are discussed and analyzed from atheoretical perspective, and the causes and factors preventing such interactions in Qingdao are analyzed bymeans of quantitative surveys. Then, the interactive development of the two in a number of countries issurveyed, including analysis and summarization of related incentive policies and good practices of thesecountries. Thirdly, based on comprehensive analysis of the advantages, potential market and restrictive factorsin Qingdao, particularly in the core of the blue economic area, a key development area with demonstrativesignificance and regional influence, strategic ideas for promoting development of Qingdao’s blue economythrough innovation of marine technologies are put forth, and countermeasures and proposals on theconstruction of interaction mechanisms and cultivation of innovation culture are given.
     Major points in this paper are as follows:
     Part I Introduction. This part mainly introduces the research background, significance, content, innovationpoints and deficiencies, as well as main research results at home and abroad.
     Part II Basic Theories and Concepts. This part includes a summary of basic theories concerned, such asnew economic growth theory, innovation theory, and sustainable ocean development theory, with focus ondefinitions and discussions on science and technology and marine science and technology, marine technologyinnovation and progress, economic growth and development, marine economy and blue economy.
     Part III Interactive Relationship between Marine Technology Innovation and Blue Economy Development.This part discusses the role and functions of marine technology innovation and blue economy development inpromoting each other’s development, the nonlinear relationship between the two and possible causes, andissues on mechanism construction for benign interactions by overcoming the nonlinear correlation.
     Part IV Empirical Analysis. Based on analysis of the status quo of Qingdao’s marine technologyinnovation and blue economy development, a mathematical model is developed to evaluate the correlativitybetween the two, and factors that may result in the city’s weak interactions are analyzed.
     Part V International Practices and Experiences. This part includes analysis of the conditions of blueeconomy development through marine technology innovations in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Western Europe, and introduces their good practices and successful experiences.
     Part VI Strategic Thinking on Promoting Qingdao’s Blue Economy Development through MarineTechnology Innovations. Based on analysis of the domestic and international environment faced by Qingdao, astrategic framework is established to promote interactions between marine technology innovation and blueeconomy development, and development principles, strategic targets and key tasks are put forth accordingly.
     Part VII Countermeasures and Proposals. According to the city's strategic plan for promoting blueeconomy development through marine technology innovations, in view of the restricting factors and problems,and the international practices, this part puts forth countermeasures and proposals on the construction ofmechanisms for benign interactions between the two and for innovation culture cultivation.
     Based on the above analysis, the key points of this paper are summarized as follows:1) throughdiscussions of the interactive correlation between marine technology innovation and blue economydevelopment, the theoretic system on the relationship between economy and technology is enriched, andthrough theoretic study of interactive development of regional blue economy and marine technologies, thedominant role and functions of marine technology innovation in blue economic development and theback-feeding effects of blue economy on marine technology innovation are analyzed, making up for thelimitations and drawbacks of existing research, and helping better understand the relationships betweeneconomic development and technological innovation;2) a strategic framework is established for the promotionof interactive development of regional marine technologies and blue economy. Based on the present situationand potential market for marine technology and blue economy in Qingdao and the international context,through systematic analysis of ways to promote interaction between the two from the strategic point of view,strategic development principles, objectives and tasks, as well as countermeasures and proposals on systemconstruction and innovative culture cultivation aimed to solve existing problems and restrictions and promoteefficient interactions between the two are put forth, forming a strategic framework for the promotion ofefficient interactive development of regional marine technology and blue economy in the context of Qingdao’sendeavors to build the central blue economic area and "Blue Silicon Valley".
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