摘要
随着传统化石能源的日益衰竭,全球开始重视新能源的的开发和利用,而地热资源则是新能中的佼佼者。目前,国内地热资源的研究和开发主要集中在高温裂隙露头型方面,而对于资源潜力丰厚、分布面积广的隐伏型沉积盆地型地热资源的研究无论是在实践和理论上都处于探索阶段,迄今为止还没有形成完整的理论及方法体系。该论文以松辽盆地北部为靶区,通过对研究区沉积盆地型地热资源成藏体制研究,进一步完善沉积型地热资源研究理论和方法,为沉积盆地型地热资源的开发利用提供指导。
论文从盆地分析的角度,在广泛调研的基础上,详细剖析了沉积盆地地下热能的来源及构成,分析了传输机制,讨论了沉积盆地热体制的主控因素。利用松辽盆地勘探研究成果,分析了研究区壳幔圈层结构、火山活动和基底构成,分析了基底深大断裂和沉积盖层断裂发育状况等控热地质因素,利用大地热流、地层温度、地温梯度分析了研究区地温场状况,确定了地热场异常面积；通过分析认为,研究区主控热源为幔源,传输机制非传导主导,认为盆地控热核心是断裂,在此基础上,建立松辽盆地地热场形成机制概念模型。根据研究区地层发育状况,结合我国地热资源勘探开发要求,确定了姚家组、青山口组合泉头组上部是地热资源研究的重点部位,确定了泉三段、泉四段、青二三段、姚一段、姚二三段是目的热储层,利用研究区的探井资料和油田研究成果,分析了热储沉积特征、岩性特征、物性特征,明确了热储层发育状况。利用油田地层水分析资料,对沉积盆地型地热资源的载体即地热水的化学场进行了详细研究,分析其物理性质、化学组成、水型特点和垂向及平面变化规律；利用试油的资料研究了研究区水动力场模式、水动力单元构成、水动力体系和水动力演化特征。从系统论地热系统的概念的进行了剖析和解释,提出了沉积盆地型地热系统的构成要素,结合前面的分析,建立了研究区沉积盆地型地热系统成因概念模型。利用“热储法”沉积确定了研究区地热异常范围目的层段蕴藏地热资源量895,66亿吨标准煤、可采资源量30.27亿吨。利用井口温度和地热井产能建立了地热资源评价标准,对研究区地热资源进了分级和评价,确定了地热资源分布有利区
论文研究表明,松辽盆地北部地热资源异常面积广、潜力巨大,确定的资源量和将对今后研究区的地热资源开发利用提供提供指导和借鉴；论文提出的沉积盆地断裂控热、非传导主导传热的认识和地热成藏概念模型,将对加深对沉积盆地型地热资源的研究和完善相关理论产生一定影响。
As the traditional fossil energy sources become less and less, the development and utilization of the new energy is paid more attention to. Especially, geothermal resource is one kind of outstanding new energy in the crowd. At present, the research and development of geothermal resources focus on high-temperature fracture outcrop. Meanwhile, hidden sedimentary basin has huge resource potential and wide distribution area. However, both in practice and theory, research on geothermal resources in hidden sedimentary basin is at the exploratory stage and hasn't formed a complete theory and method system. Through the study of geothermal reservoir system in the northern Songliao basin, the paper further improves research theories and methods of the sedimentary geothermal resources and provides guidance for development and utilization of geothermal resources in the sedimentary basin.
From the perspective of basin analysis, with extensive research, the sources, composition and the transport mechanism of geothermal energy were analyzed carefully as well as main controlling factors about thermal structure was discussed. By using research achievements of the Songliao basin, the circle structure of earth's crust and mantle, volcanic activity as well as substrate composition was analyzed. Besides, geological factors of controlling heat, including the major fault status of deep basement and sedimentary cover, were also analyzed. Based on the analysis of geothermal field conditions such as terrestrial heat flow, formation temperature and geothermal gradient in the study area, the geothermal anomaly area was determined, the master heat is the mantle source, the transmission mechanism is non-conductive lead and the heat source of the basin is fracture. Eventually, the concept model of the geothermal field formation mechanism was established. Combined with the stratigraphic development of the study area as well as the exploration and development requirements of geothermal resources, the upper parts of Yao, Quantou and Qingshankou formations were determined as the key positions of geothermal resources. The 3rd and 4th member of Quantou formation, the 2nd and 3rd member of Qingshankou formation as well as the 1st,2nd and 3rd member of Yaojia formation were determined as target geothermal reservoirs. By using the materials of prospecting wells and oilfield research results, the characteristics of geothermal sedimentary reservoir, lithology features and physical property were analyzed to make the development situation of geothermal reservoir clear.
According to the analysis data of water formation, the carrier of geothermal resources the sedimentary basin, namely the chemical field of geothermal water, was studied in detail as well as its physical properties, chemical composition, water-features and variation regular of vertical and planar were analyzed. On the basis of the materials of production test in the study area, the characteristics of hydrodynamic field model, water power unit structure, systems and hydrodynamic hydrodynamic evolution were researched. From the concepts of geothermal system, sedimentary basin elements of geothermal systems were proposed and conceptual model forming the geothermal systems was established. By using "Heat storage method",89.566 billion tons of standard coal resources and the amount of 3.027 billion tons of recoverable resources were determined in the target geothermal layers of abnormal range. With wellhead temperature and the producing energy of geothermal wells, the evaluation of geothermal resources can be established to classify and evaluate geothermal resources and determine the distribution of geothermal resources in favorable areas
The research shows that the anomaly area of geothermal resources in the northern basin is extensive with great development potential. Moreover, to determine resource can provide guidance and reference for the future research on development and utilization of geothermal resources. Furthermore, the paper has proposed fault controlling heat of sedimentary basin, the cognition of non-conductive leading heat transfer and conceptual model of the geothermal hydrocarbon, which will deepen the study of geothermal resources in the sedimentary basin and have an impact on the relevant theories.
引文
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