现代田园城市道路景观关键技术指标研究
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摘要
现代田园城市是生态城市发展的先进理念之一,与其它生态理念相比具有较明显的优势,并且越来越受到人们的关注。因为它不但体现了现代综合生态观,又符合城市发展的趋势,更加符合现代人们的理想生活需求。陕西省西咸新区所提出的建设“一河两带四轴五组团”现代田园城市的定位和长远目标,不同于传统城市规划,其道路景观规划理念亦不同于传统城市道路景观规划理念。此外,目前先进生态城市对道路环境景观的建设指标研究较少,且建设标准与传统城市、乡村道路建设标准有所不同。从景观层面分析,传统城市道路设计中出现的典型问题较多,且绿地率指标被肆意侵占,交通噪音指标未纳入相关规范或指南中。
     因此,针对传统城市道路景观环保设计中存在的典型问题,本文从道路横断面设计、景观绿化设计、生态技术、投资经营模式等多方面进行深入研究,切实提出田园城市道路景观设计的标准、价值、策略,相关设计指标以及改造措施,切实做到以人为本,符合现代田园城市发展趋势及满足人们对田园城市的物质及精神追求,让道路建筑成为一种艺术品。
     本文主要采用文献研究、调查研究、分析综合、实例解析、比较分析法、归纳和演绎相结合的方法,针对现代田园城市道路的特点对景观进行研究。主要研究内容如下:
     1、对比分析澳洲堪培拉、张家港等国内外生态城市的发展历程,探讨现代田园城市道路景观概念及核心价值体系;明确现代田园城市道路景观设计目的、道路景观特点及内涵。
     2、采用问卷调查形式,从规划设计、以人为本、生态效益、游憩功能、彩色树种科学配置、文化元素、规模、成本和营销等多方面进行详细而深入研究;重点分析道路横断面、路侧停车场、道路交叉口、道路管网、道路绿带、道路交通噪音、道路景观等多方面存在的典型问题,并提出现代田园城市道路的改善措施。此外,基于SWOT分析法提出泾河新城现代田园城市初级构想。
     3、研究基于景观的现代田园城市的横断面指标,提出横断面、交叉口、排水、绿带设计指标,充分体现“以人为本,公交优先”的科学性和先进性。
     4、在分析我国环保降噪标准的基础上,结合监测调查数据,研究城市交通噪音规律,提出现代田园城市道路噪声及生态环保技术设计指标,以及道路植物规划理念和植物规划设计要求。
     5、从人性化角度分析城市道路设施存在问题,研究国内外慢行服务设施规划现状,提出现代田园城市人性化公共设施的关键指标、慢行系统的规划及指标,道路历史保护与文化建设指标。
     本文研究成果适用于现代田园城市、低碳城市、园林城市、生态城市等各先进生态理念的城市道路景观新建及改造提升设计,均具有较好的指导意义。此外,为道路景观建设的决策层和管理层提供有价值的信息、有新益的观点,具有重要参考意义。
Modern Garden City is one of advanced idea of ecotype city development which is morepreponderant than other ecotype idea and getting more attention from public. It is not onlybecause this idea embodies modern comprehensive ecotype concept, but also fit in with citydevelopment, moreover, it is in keeping with the demands of ideal life from modern society.The orientation and long target of construction “one river, two zones, four axises and fiveassociations” ecotype new garden city which is proposed by Shaanxi province Xian-XianyangNew City is quite different with traditional city planning. Its civil sight planning idea is alsodifferent with traditional one.
     Therefore,aimed to the typical problems occurred in traditional city civil sightenvironmental protection design, this paper studies deeply on road transect design, sightvirescence design, ecotype technique, investment and arrangement mode. It also practicallyproposes the standard, value and strategy of garden city civil sight design with related designguideline and rebuild measurement. This paper achieves people orientation, matches the trendof modern garden city development and meets the public substantial and immaterial demandswhich makes highway architecture to be a kind of art.
     Therefore, based on the background of construction modern garden city and problemsoccurred in civil sight design, this article studies on road transect design, sight virescencedesign, ecotype art tactics and investment management mode, firmly proposes the standard,model and tactics of garden city civil sight, firmly follows people oriented and meets moderngarden city construction requests and public demands mentally and materially. It makes theroad architecture to be an artwork.
     This article applies literature search, study and investigation, comprehensive analysis,example resolution, method of comparative analysis, induction and deduction method, studieson civil sight by view of modern garden city road characteristic. The content is as below.
     1. Comparing and analysising the developing course of ecotype cities between Canberraof Australia and Zhangjiagang city of China. Researching modern garden city civilsight concept and core value system, definiting the design target, character andconnotation of modern garden city civil sight.
     2. Adopting the method of questionnaire survey, lucubrating planning design, peopleorientation, ecotype benefit, leisure function, color tree species, proper composition, culture, scale, cost and management in detail. Mainly analysising the planning anddesign problems for road transect, road side parking lot, crossway, pipe network,road green belt, traffic noise and road sight. Proposing the improvement methods formodern garden city road. Besides,basing on SWOT analytical method, proposing theprimary idea of Jinghe New City modern garden life.
     3. Studying on road transect guideline of modern garden city based on scene, proposingthe design guideline of road transect, crossway, drainage and greenbelt, it fullyembodies the property and advantage of “people orientation and publictransportation first”.
     4. Based on analysesing our environmental protection and noise deduction standard,comprehended with monitor survey statistics, this paper studies city traffic noise rulesand proposes design guideline of modern garden city road noise and ecotypeenvironment protection technique, with the programming idea and design request forroad plants.
     5. Analysesing the problems occurred in city road construction from human point,studying the present status of domestic and abroad slow-going service establishmentprogramming, this paper proposes the key guideline for modern garden cityhumanistic public establishment, the guideline and planning for slow-going systemand the guideline of road history protection and culture construction.
     This research result is proper for the new city civil sight construction and improvementdesign for modern garden city, mild city, park city and ecotype city. What’s more, it providesvaluable information and new ideas for decision-making and managing department.
引文
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