我国汽车产业集群创新网络的合作机制及演化研究
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摘要
当今世界,汽车作为普遍但又具有较高效率的交通运输工具,已成为现代社会的一个重要标志。汽车产业被称为“工业中的工业”,是国民经济中产业关联度高、规模经济效益明显、资金和技术密集的重要制造业产业。汽车产业自身的发展不仅可以带来直接的经济效益,而且还是现代化国民经济发展必不可少的前提条件。改革开放以来,我国的汽车产业生产规模不断地扩大,近年来出现了迅猛发展的势头,目前已经形成了相对比较全面的生产工业基地和健全的产品体系,在国民经济中处于重要的地位。一汽、上汽、东风等国内骨干汽车企业集团无论在资金、技术、人才、网络、品牌等方面,都有相当雄厚的积累,汽车产业集群整体的技术创新能力也在不断提高,并且形成了产业集群的创新网络。
     本文从我国汽车产业集群创新网络结构研究入手,深入剖析我国汽车产业集群创新网络的合作机制以及网络的演化规律,对优化我国汽车产业集群创新网络、提高我国汽车产业集群的竞争力具有重要的现实意义。
     首先,本文从国内外研究现状出发,界定了我国汽车产业集群创新网络的内涵,提出了我国汽车产业集群创新网络的构架。通过分析我国汽车产业集群创新网络的主体,对我国汽车产业集群创新网络进行了层次划分,并研究了研究该网络中各创新主体之间的正式关系以及非正式关系。正式关系主要包括企业与用户企业之间的合作创新、企业与大学或科研机构之间的合作创新、中介机构、企业与政府对企业创新活动的支持;非正式关系主要包括公共关系网络、人际关系网络和人员流动。
     其次,对我国汽车产业集群创新网络的合作机制进行了研究。我国汽车产业集群创新网络的合作机制主要包括信任机制、学习机制、激励机制、协调机制和利益分配机制五个方面。信任机制中,主要研究了信任机制的内涵、我国汽车产业集群创新网络合作信任关系的互动整合、建立了我国汽车产业集群创新网络合作信任机制的模型;学习机制中主要研究了网络学习的内涵、网络学习的层次及过程、我国汽车产业集群创新网络的学习机制;激励机制中主要研究了激励机制的内涵、激励理论的委托代理模式、我国汽车产业集群创新网络的激励机制;协调机制中主要研究了协调机制的内涵、我国汽车产业集群创新网络的协调机制模型;利益分配机制中主要研究了建立有效的利益调节和沟通机制以及建立利益分配模型。
     再次,运用演化经济学理论,根据我国汽车产业集群创新的发展历程,将我国汽车产业集群创新网络演化的动态轨迹分为四个阶段,即结网期(1953—1978年)、成长期(1979—1993年)、成熟期(1994—2000年)、更新期(2000年至今);根据我国汽车产业集群创新网络演化的动态轨迹研究了我国汽车产业集群创新网络演化的前提、重要环节和过程,指出经济体制改革是我国汽车产业集群创新网络演化的前提,变异、选择和保留是重要环节;根据以上内容建立了我国汽车产业集群创新网络演化的过程模型,在成长期时是线性过程模式,成熟期时是网络化过程模式。
     为了对我国汽车产业集群创新网络进行验证,本文选择东北地区汽车产业集群创新网络为案例进行实证研究。案例研究中,对东北地区汽车产业集群的基本情况进行了分析;对东北地区汽车产业集群创新网络的主体,即汽车产业内企业、产业链用户、大学及科研机构、政府、金融机构、中介结构等进行了研究;同时用因子分析法,结合调研数据,对东北地区汽车产业集群创新网络的合作状况进行了分析评价。
     最后,基于我国汽车产业集群创新网络的合作机制及演化的动态轨迹,提出了优化我国汽车产业集群创新网络的对策,主要从促进我国汽车产业集群创新网络的进一步完善、促进我国汽车产业集群创新网络内部合作、优化我国汽车产业集群创新网络外部创新环境、引导我国汽车产业集群创新网络的有序演化政策等四个方面进行了研究。
In today's world, the car as common but with higher efficiency of transportation, hasbecome an important symbol of modern society. Automobile industry is called" the industry inindustry", the national economy is in a high degree of industrial linkage, dimensions obviouseconomic benefits, capital and technology intensive important manufacturing industry. Autoindustry own development not only can bring direct economic benefits, but also the modernnational economy to develop indispensable conditions. Since reforming and opening, ourcountry's automobile industry continue to expand the scale of production, in recent yearsappeared the impetus of swift and violent development, has formed a relatively completeindustrial production base and a sound system products, in the national economy plays animportant role in. FAW, Dongfeng steam, such as domestic backbone of automobile enterprisegroup both in financial, technical, personnel, network, brand and so on, have very strongaccumulation, automobile industry cluster technology innovation ability has been improved,and the formation of industrial clusters innovation network.
     This paper is from the our country automobile industrial cluster innovation networkstructure on the start, in-depth analysis of China's automobile industry cluster innovationnetwork cooperation mechanism and network evolution, for the optimization of ourautomobile industry cluster innovation network, China's auto industry to improve thecompetitiveness of the cluster has the important practical significance.
     First of all, this article from the domestic and foreign research present situation,definition of China automobile industry cluster innovation network content. Through theanalysis of China's automobile industry cluster innovation network main body, on Chinaautomobile industry cluster innovation network is divided into levels, and Research on thenetwork in each innovation main body between formal relations and informal relationship.Formal relations include enterprise and user enterprise cooperative innovation betweenenterprise and University, scientific research institutions or cooperation between innovation,intermediary institutions, enterprises and government to the enterprise innovation activitiessupport; informal relations include public relations network, the interpersonal relationshipnetwork and personnel flow.
     Second, on China automobile industry cluster innovation network cooperationmechanism research. China's automobile industry cluster innovation network cooperationmechanism mainly includes the trust mechanism, learning mechanism, incentive mechanism, `coordination mechanism and interest to allocate a mechanism five respects. The trustmechanism, the main research of trust mechanism connotation, China's automobile industrycluster innovation network cooperation trust relationship of interaction and integration, theestablishment of China's automobile industry cluster innovation network cooperation and trustmechanism model; learning mechanisms are mainly studied in the network learning, networklearning level and process, China's automobile industry cluster innovation network learningmechanism; incentive mechanism mainly studies the connotation of incentive mechanism,incentive theory of principal-agent model, China's automobile industry cluster innovationnetwork incentive mechanism; coordination mechanism of the main study content, thecoordination mechanism of China automobile industry cluster innovation networkcoordination mechanism model; benefit allocation mechanism mainly studies theestablishment of effective interest adjustment and communication mechanism and establishthe model of profit distribution.
     Third, using the evolutionary economics theory, according to the China automobileindustry cluster innovation development course, our country automobile industrial clusterinnovation network evolvement dynamic trajectory is divided into four stages, namely thespin period (1953—1978), the long-term (1979—1993), maturity (1994—2000), updateperiod (since2000); according to the our country automobile industrial cluster innovationnetwork evolvement dynamic trajectory of China's automobile industry cluster innovationnetwork evolvement premise, important link and process, and points out that the economicsystem reform of China Automobile Industry Cluster Innovation Network Evolvementpremise, variation, selection and retention is important link; according to the establishedChina's automobile industry cluster innovation network evolvement model, in the long-term islinear model, maturity is the network process model.
     In order to China's automobile industry cluster innovation network for validation, thispaper chooses Northeast China automobile industry cluster innovation network as a case study.The case study of auto industrial cluster in northeast area, this paper analyzes the basicsituation; on the Northeast China automobile industry cluster innovation network main body,namely the automobile industry, industry chain users, University and scientific researchinstitution, government, financial institutions, intermediary structure are studied; at the sametime by using factor analysis method, combining the survey data, on the Northeast Chinaautomobile industry cluster innovation network is analyzed and evaluated; that northeastChina Automobile Industry Cluster Innovation Network Evolvement dynamic trajectory isdivided into four stages, namely the spin period (1953—1978), the long-term (1979—1993), maturity (1994—2000), update period (2000to present) to verify our country automobileindustrial cluster innovation network evolution fact fitting.
     Finally, based on China's automobile industry cluster innovation network cooperationmechanism and evolution of the dynamic trajectory, put forward to optimize our countryautomobile industrial cluster innovation network countermeasure, main from promote ourcountry automobile industrial cluster innovation network to further improve, promote ourcountry automobile industrial cluster innovation network internal cooperation, optimize ourcountry automobile industrial cluster innovation the external network innovation environment,guide our country automobile industrial cluster innovation network evolution policy fouraspects of the research.
引文
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