摘要
本试验旨在研究半胱胺对育肥猪的生长性能、体内的激素水平、血液生化指标、胴体性状和肉质性状的影响。选取110日龄体重约60kg“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪192头,随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组,每组3个重复,每个重复16头。Ⅰ组为空白对照组,喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加30%的半胱胺200mg·kg~(-1)、400mg·kg~(-1)、600mg·kg~(-1)。结果如下:
1.半胱胺对育肥猪生产性能和和经济效益的影响
Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组平均日增重比Ⅰ组分别提高3.20%、9.10%、7.06%,其中Ⅲ组极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组平均日增重极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),与Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组间平均日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组料重比比Ⅰ组分别降低1.61%、4.52%、3.23%,其中Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组料重比与Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组头均增收比Ⅰ组分别提高14.44元、43.15元、29.52元。
2.半胱胺对育肥猪体内激素的影响
Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组生长激素(GH)比Ⅰ组分别提高1.54%、7.38%、5.54%,其中Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与其他两个处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组生长抑素(SS)比Ⅰ组分别降低3.33%、11.67%、6.67%,其中Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与其他两个处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)比Ⅰ组分别提高4.00%、8.00%、6.00%,其中Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与其他两个处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)比Ⅰ组分别提高3.45%、4.94%、4.47%,但各处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
3.半胱胺对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响
Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的血清尿素氮(BUN)比Ⅰ组分别降低8.57%、12.75%、5.27%,其中Ⅲ组极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),与Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的总胆固醇(CHO)比Ⅰ组分别降低3.88%、13.79%、10.34%,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)比Ⅰ组分别提高2.76%、9.42%、4.91%,其中Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。
4.半胱胺对育肥后期猪胴体性状和肉质性状的影响
Ⅲ组瘦肉率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组瘦肉率与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组骨骼比率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),显著高于与Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组脂肪比率极显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01),分别降低14.08%、13.79%、8.86%,其他三组间差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组6和7肋膘厚极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),分别降低11.79%、7.41%,而两组间差异不显著(P>0.05),并且Ⅳ组和Ⅱ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各组间眼肌面积差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组后腿比例显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其他三组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
各组间肌肉pH值、肉色、差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组肌内脂肪率极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),而这两组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅲ组含水率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与其他两组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组间含水率差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论:在育肥猪日粮中添加半胱胺,可以促进育肥猪生长、降低脂肪沉积、改善胴体品质、节省饲养成本,其适宜添加量为30%半胱胺400mg·kg~(-1)。
In this experiment efects of cysteamine on growth performance of finishing pigs was studied and some hormone concentrations levels, blood biochemical parameters, carcass traits and meat quality were determined. 192 "Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire" pigs at the age of 110 days and about 60kg body weight were selected for this study. The pigs, were randomly divided into groupⅠ, groupⅡ, groupⅢand groupⅣ, and three replicates were designed in each group, each replicate was contained 16 pigs. GroupⅠwas as control group, fed the basal diet. GroupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere as experiment groups fed the basal diet added with 200mg·kg~(-1), 400mg·kg~(-1), 600mg·kg~(-1) of 30 percent cysteamine respectively.The results were as follows:
1. Effect of cysmeatine on production performance and economic benefits of fattening pigs Average daily gain in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere increased to 3.20%, 9.10%, 7.06% compared to groupⅠ. Among them, groupⅢand groupⅣwas great significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.01), significantly higher than groupⅡ(P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Feed conversion ratio in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere decreased by 1.61%, 4.52%, 3.23% compared to groupⅠ. Among them, groupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠand groupⅡ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Economic benefits of groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣincreased to 14.44 yuan, 43.15 yuan, 29.52 yuan compared to group.
2. Effect of cysmeatine on the blood level of hormones of fattening pigs Growth hormone concentrations in groupⅡ, groupⅢand groupⅣwere increased to 1.54%, 7.38% and 5.54% compared to groupⅠ. GroupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Somatostatin concentrations in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere decreased by 3.33%, 11.67%, 6.67% compared to groupⅠ. GroupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). T3 concentrations in groupⅡ, groupⅢand groupⅣwere increased to 4.00%, 8.00%, 6.00% compared to groupⅠ. GroupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). T4 concentrations in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere increased to 3.45%, 4.94%, 4.47% compared to groupⅠ. The differences were not significant among them (P>0.05).
3. Effect of cysmeatine on blood biochemical index of fattening pigs Serum urea nitrogen in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere decreased by 8.57%, 12.75%, 5.27%, compared to groupⅠ. Among them, groupⅢwas significantly lower than groupⅠ(P<0.01), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Total cholesterol in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere decreased by 3.88%, 13.79%, 10.34%. The differences were not significant among them (P>0.05). Alanine aminotransferase ratio in groupⅡ, groupⅢ, groupⅣwere increased to 2.76%, 9.42%, 4.91%, compared to groupⅠ. GroupⅢand groupⅣwere significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05).
4. Effect of cysmeatine on carcass traits and meat quality of fattening hogs Lean meat rate of groupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Bone ratio in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.01), and significantly higher than groupⅡ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between groupⅢand groupⅣ(P>0.05). Fat ratio in groupⅡ, groupⅢand groupⅣwere decreased by 14.08%, 13.79%, 8.86%, compared to groupⅠ. GroupⅢwas significantly lower than groupⅠ, groupⅡand groupⅣ(P<0.01), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Fat thickness of 6th rib and 7th rib in groupⅢand groupⅣwas decreased by 11.79%, 7.41%, respecively compared to groupⅠand was significantly lower than groupⅠ(P<0.01). No significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Eye muscle area between the groups was not significant (P>0.05). Hind legs ratio in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05).
Muscle pH and muscle color were no significant difference (P>0.05) among the groups. Intramuscular fat percentage in groupⅢand groupⅣwas significantly lower than groupⅠand groupⅡ(P<0.01), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05). Muscle water content in groupⅢwas significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed between other groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In finishing pigs diets supplemented with 400mg·kg~(-1) of 30 percent of cysteamine can promote the growth of fattening pig, reduce fat deposition, improving carcass quality, save the cost of feeding.
引文
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