摘要
温室效应对全球气候的影响,使人类的生存环境正遭受着严重的威胁。哥本哈根世界气候大会以后,世界各国都意识到二氧化碳减排的重要性。我国作为负责任的发展中国家,做出承诺:到2020年,单位国内生产总值的二氧化碳排放量要比2005年下降40%~45%。
二氧化碳地质储存技术是近年来兴起的能有效减少CO2排量最有利的途径。随着该技术的成熟,我国政府部门、相关组织和学者进行了理论和实验等相关方面的研究。本论文就是在中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心的牵头下,进行塔里木盆地二氧化碳地质储存潜力评价,是评价我国主要沉积盆地二氧化碳地质储存潜力的重要组成部分。
本论文是在研究了二氧化碳地质储存的地质条件要求、储存机理等技术基础之后,搜集了塔里木盆地的相关地质资料,包括区域地质、构造地质、油气地质、水文地质,以及地层岩性和物性参数等,整理并分析了盆地各一级构造单元内发育的圈闭构造和深部咸水含水层等储、盖层组合,并进行二氧化碳地质储存潜力计算和适宜性评价,得出了以下结论:
1、塔里木盆地的二氧化碳地质储存潜力很大,各一级构造单元都分布有适宜的储、盖层组合。盆地内1500m~6500m深度范围的所有油气田和深部咸水含水层中,可进行的二氧化碳地质储量约为501.05×108t。
2、塔里木盆地二氧化碳地质储存潜力主要分布在北部坳陷和中央隆起,储量约占整个盆地的56.2%;库车坳陷和塔北隆起的面积虽小,但储层分布多,岩石物性较好,储量约占33.9%;而西南坳陷和塔东南区储层分布较少,岩石物性较差,二氧化碳的储量也较小。
3、塔里木盆地二氧化碳储层主要分布在碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩中。其中碳酸盐岩储层埋深较深,岩石物性相对较差,平均孔隙度一般在10%左右,岩石的孔、洞、缝较发育,均一性较差,储存体空间较大;碎屑岩储层埋深较浅,岩石物性相对较好,平均孔隙度一般在20%左右,岩层渗透性较好。可见,塔里木盆地的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩储层都适于二氧化碳地质储存,且碎屑岩储层相对较好。
Because of the greenhouse effect on global climate impact, the environmenthuman existed is suffering severe threat. After the World Climate Conference openedin Copenhagen, All countries have realized the importance of carbon dioxideemissions. China, a responsible developing country, has made the commitment ofcarbon dioxide emissions: By 2020, unit of gross domestic product of carbon dioxideemissions will reduce 40% ~ 45% percent compared with 2005.
Carbon dioxide Geological Storage (CGS), the developing technology in recentyears, is the most lucrative way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions effectively. As thetechnology growing. Our government departments、relevant organizations andscholars had carried on the related research in theory and experiment. This thesis isleaded by Centre for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, precedes theevaluation of geological storage potential carbon dioxide for Tarim Basin, and is theimportant component of evaluation of geological sedimentary basin in main storagepotential carbon dioxide.
In order to the paper study, I'm a wide range of learning the Carbon dioxideGeological Storage technology ,such as: the required geological conditions, thestorage mechanism; and collect the related geological data of Tarim Basin, includingregional geological, tectonic geology, oil and gas geology, hydrology geology, andstratigraphic lithology and physical parameter etc. Then sort out these material andanalyze the trap structure and deep salty water aquifers developing in the basinfirst-order tectonic units, find out the store—cap rock combination for carbongeological storage potential calculation and suitability assessment. Make thefollowing conclusions:
1、The geological storage potential of carbon dioxide in Tarim Basin is great.Each first-order tectonic units are distributed a suitable reservoir and cap rockcombination. The carbon dioxide geological reserves can be approximately about501.05×10~8t,in all oil-gas fields and deep salty water aquifers within the depth rangeof 1500m~6500m.
2、Carbon dioxide geological storage potential in Tarim Basin mainly distributed in the Northern Downwarped and the Central Uplift, the reserves accounts for 56% of the whole basin. Although the area of Kuche Depression and Northern Uplift is small, the reservoir develops well, the petrophysical is more appropriate, the reserves accounts for 33.9%; the reservoir distribution of Southwest Downwarped and Southeast Area is less, the reservoir develops badly, the carbon dioxide reserves is relatively less.
3、The carbon dioxide geological reservoir in Tarim Basin mainly distributed in the carbonate rocks and clastic rocks. The depth of carbonate reservoir is deeper. It's petrophysical relatively poor, the average porosity is generally in 10%.The rock porosity、caves and crack developed well, and the uniformity is poorer, but the storage body space is large; The clastic reservoir is shallower. Its petrophysical is relatively well, the average porosity general at 20% and the rock permeability is better. So the carbonate and clastic reservoirs developed in Tarim Basin are suitable for carbon dioxide geological storage, especially, the clastic reservoir is relatively well.
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