摘要
电子政务给中国政府职能转变和重组带来一个很好的机会,也具有非常大的发展潜力。国家要求政府通过网络这个平台为公众提供服务,而地级市是承上启下的一类政府,其网站直接为公众提供服务的功能比省级政府网站更强,因而电子政务应该在地级市有更大的发展空间。
本文试图对山东省各地市级电子政务网站运行情况进行信息采集与评价分析,力求客观、准确、综合和完整地评价当前山东省地级市电子政务的发展状态。通过对评价结果的分析,寻找影响网站建设质量及电子政务实施的主要因素,从而为今后山东省的电子政务发展提供决策支持。
本文首先简要介绍了电子政务的概念及实施电子政务的意义,从国外、国内两个角度阐述了电子政务发展的背景,并从电子政务发展的政策环境、法律法规环境和标准化环境探讨了电子政务的发展环境。
其次,对山东省地级市政府电子政务网站情况采用观察法进行网上调查,了解17地级市电子政务网站的运行和使用情况。其中主要的问题和关键是确定网站的评价指标体系并根据体系进行定量的评价。评价体系确定了12个一级指标:信息上网、网上信息使用指南、网上办公、对外经济服务、互动性、链接情况、时效性、国际化程度、网络安全、隐私性、影响度、主办承办和技术支持单位。对应以上指标,设定了33个二级评价指标。
再次,根据确定的指标体系对17地级市电子政务网站的运行和使用情况进行了定量的评价,包括网站观察结果、网站评分结果、政府网站各部分指标平均分比较等。定量评价的主要环节在于针对每个二级指标设定一个评分标准,然后结合地级市电子政务网站运行和使用情况所得分数展开定量分析。应用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,简称ABH法)验证以上对地级市电子政务网站的评价,得出全部17地市的网站质量得分和排名,很好地验证了第二章地级市电子政务网站的评价结果。
第四,对地级市政府机关的网络基础设施建设及电子政务的普及情况进行问卷调查并分析结果,包括政府机关计算机主要使用范围、政府机关计算机网络建设情况、政府机关中文件的传递方式、政府机关对“电子政务”的了解情况、政府机关的电子政务实施情况、影响政府机关电子政务实施的因素等。设计调查问卷时强调了调查表的合理性,包括问题的准确性和客观性、恰当的提问方式。
第五,结合对地级市政务网站典型案例分析,总结经验,并寻找电子政务发展中存在的主要问题,特别是观念和体制、政府部门信息人才、网络基础设施建设和电子政务应用软件建设、电子政务内容、安全性保障等问题。在调查分析基础上,对山东省地级市电子政务的发展趋势作出了基本判断:加强“以公众为中心”的理念,提高公众的参与程度和参与意识,促进政府服务全面上网,提高服务质量。整合服务,实现“单一窗口”和“一站到底”,并致力于消除“数字鸿沟”,促进社会信息平等,发展电子民主。
最后,根据以上现状和问题,针对地级市电子政务推进政务信息化、建立高效可靠的电子政府的工作任务,借鉴发达国家政府和其他先进省份信息化的经验,提出推进山东省地级市电子政务的的11条建设性意见。
Electronic government services have bring a good chance for the transformation and recomposing of Chinese government's function and they also have huge potentiality for development. Our country demand the government to provide services for the public through the network, and the municipalities is some middle governments , the function of directly provide services for the public of their network sites is more stronger than it of the provincial government, thus the electronic government services will have a more largely development space.
I try to collect and evaluate the network revolving of the municipalities electronic government services that in Shandong province. I want to evaluate the development state of the municipalities' electronic government services of Shandong province objectively, exactly and synthetically. I want to search for the main factors which influence the network site's constructive quality through the analysis of the evaluated result, so that give a decision support for the development of Shandong province's electronic government services.
Firstly, this paper introduced the concept the applying significance of electronic government services briefly, setted forth the development sbackground of electronic government services from international and internal, discssed the development surrounding of electronic government services from policy surrounding, legal surrounding and standardization surrounding of them.
Secondly, this paper taked a network investigation for the municipalities' electronic government services of Shandong province so that to inquire into the revolving and using situation of seventeen cities' electronic government services sites. In it the key problem is fixing the evaluation quatos system and giving a quantitative evaluation. The evaluation system includes twelve first-grade quatos: seting informations on line, the using guide of network informations, attending to business on line, international economic services, matul influence, connect situation, efficiency, international degree, network safe, secretness, influence degree and the sponsoring, undertakng and supporting unit. Contrasting these quatos, I established thirty-three second-grade evaluation quatos.
Thirdly, base on this evaluation quatos system , this paper give a quantitative evaluation for the revolving and using of 17 municipalities electronic government services, includes that the investigate outcome of network site, the evaluate outcome of network site, the average comparision of the electronic government services' respective quatos, and so on . The main segment of the quantitative evaluation is fixing a evaluate standard in accordance with each second-grade quato, then based on the municipalities electronic government services' revolving and using to give a quantitative evaluation. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process to give an evaluation of municipalities electronic government services network site, getting the quality grade and the order in rank of 17 municipalities' network site, consequently, verifying the evaluation outcome of municipalities electronic government services in chapter 2.
Fourthly, this paper take a inquiry paper investigation for the basal equipment building and government services' popular situation of the municipalities' government, and then to analyse the outcome, includes the main using range of government computers, the building situation of government computer network, the transmitting way of government documents, the inquiring standard for the "electronic government services" of government, the electronic government services' using situation of government, the factors which influences the electronic government services' using, and so on. This paper emphasizes the reasonableness of the investigation paper when designing it, includes the questions' accuracy and objectivity and the suitable asking way.
Fifthly, using the typical case analysis of government services' network sites, summing up experiences and seeking out the main problems in the development of electronic government services, the main problems included such as the notion and structure, the (?)nformation talented persons of governments, the base construction of network and applied software of electronic government services, the contents of electronic government services, the safe problems, and so on. basing on the investigation and analysis of the municipalities' electronic government services of Shandong province, this paper gived an essential judge of the development tendency of them: strengthening the notion which is " taking the public as centre", enhancing the participation degree and consciousness of the public, promoting the government services all in line, improving the service quality. Synthesizing the services, realiaing "one window" and "one site" and striving to eliminate the " number gulf, promoting the equality of social information, developing the electronic democracy.
At last, based on the current situation and problems and in accordance with the task to carry forward the government services informationlize and effectually of the municipalities' electronic government services, draw lesson from informationlized experiences of the developed countries and some others advanced provinces , this paper sets forth eleven proposions to improve the municipalities' electronic government services of Shandong province.
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