摘要
高炉热风炉是高炉炼铁的关键设备之一,也是钢铁企业的核心,保证其正常运行一直是厂家和设计者关心的问题。而炉壳复杂的受力状况和壳体结构的计算对整个炉壳的设计极其重要,也是炼铁设备正常生产运行的重要因素之一。建国以来,我国热风炉炉壳设计虽然取得长足发展,对其受力特性有了深入的认识,积累了一些实测数据和成功的设计经验。但是,由于热风炉复杂特殊的结构型式以及复杂多变的荷载工况,技术人员对其壳体受力情况的认识仍然很有限,积累的相关数据资料也比较少,尤其是缺少针对整个热风炉壳体结构的整体受力分析。总之,目前热风炉壳体结构设计依然还处于以经验为主、计算为辅的阶段,国家目前还没有统一的高炉、热风炉壳体设计概念,各大钢铁设计院在炉壳设计方面遵循的标准也不尽相同,但是我国却是一个钢铁大国。因此,建设部把有关炼铁工艺炉的技术规范列入了2006年工程建设标准制定计划。
本文对某钢铁集团已建的4350m~3外燃式热风炉根据其几何尺寸、荷载工况、钢材牌号及力学性能、边界条件和位移差等,通过大型通用有限元软件建立整体空间模型,按照容许应力法对热风炉炉壳在弹性和弹塑性下的应力、位移等方面进行细致分析。包括各单项荷载工况分析、最不利荷载工况组合下的弹性、弹塑性分析,也对值得关注的地脚螺栓抗倾覆能力、蓄热室和燃烧室二室拱顶位移差、拱顶环梁受力等方面进行了分析计算并与简化公式做了比较。同时,根据国内统计资料对炉壳各段进行了厚度和相应直径的一元线性回归分析,得出壳体厚度计算公式,并且还与钢制压力容器相关公式做了比较。
通过全面的分析、计算和比较本文得出了一些有意义的结论,然后基于所得结论对将要编写的技术规范提出了对应的条文和条文说明。
Hot stove is the one of the key equipments of blast furnace ironmaking and the core of iron and steel enterprises, and to keep its well functioning is what manufacturers and designers often care about. The complicate force situation of furnace shell and the calculation of shell structure play a significant role in the designation of whole furnace, and serve as one of the important factors in the well manufacturing and functioning of ironmaking equipments. Since the founding of the nation, the designation of hot stove shell in China has made some achievements, such as the deep recognition of its force characteristics and accumulation of measured data plus successful designing experience. However, due to the complicate and special structure type and variable loads of hot stove, we have the limits on the recognition of the force situation of its shell, and lack the relative data accumulated, especially lacking the global stress analysis on the shell structure of hot stove. In a word, the shell structure designation of hot stove is still on the stage with the focus on experience supplemented by calculation. We haven't had the unified design concept of blast furnace and hot stove, and each iron and steel design institute comply with different standard of shell designation, which is inconsistent with the title as a big iron and steel country. Therefore, ministry of construction put the respective technical code of melting technological furnace on the list of formulation plan of engineering construction standard in 2006.
According to the geometry size, load case, standard grade of steel, mechanical properties, boundary conditions and displacement difference of a 4350m~3 external combustion hot stove manufactured by an iron and steel group, this essay designs a whole space model through large universal finite element software, and analyzes in detail the stress and displacement under the elastic and elastic-plastic of hot stove shell by means of analysis and design method, including the analysis on each single load case and on the elastic and elastic-plastic of the most disadvantageous load effect combination. In addition, this essay analyzes and calculates the tensile capacity of concerning anchor bolt, and the displacement difference of the vault between regenerator and combustion chamber, the force of vault ring beam, as well as compares all these elements with simplified formula. At the same time, according to domestic statistics date, this essay makes one variant linear regression analysis on the thickness and corresponding diameter of every shell segment, makes out the calculation formula of shell thickness, and compares with the relevant formulae of steel pressure vessel.
Through the overall analysis, calculation and comparison, the essay makes some valuable conclusions, and based on these conclusions, puts forward corresponding provisions and provision explanations for the technical code edited soon.
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