非线性NCS的鲁棒容错控制研究
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摘要
由于NCS较传统点对点连接的控制系统,在规模、结构等方面更加庞大、复杂,各种不确定性和故障诱发因素也更多,一旦发生故障就有可能造成人员和财产的巨大损失,因此通过容错设计使NCS具有较高的安全可靠性,已经受到了广泛的关注。本文针对研究之初NCS容错控制成果中,受控对象以线性为主,控制策略大多采用状态反馈,结论主要为保守性较大的时滞不依赖的完整性设计等问题,研究了同时存在时变时延和丢包的不确定非线性NCS (NNCS)的鲁棒容错控制问题。总体概略如下:
     1)针对同时存在时变时延和丢包的不确定NNCS,将丢包看做是一种特殊的时延,基于T-S模糊模型,在可能的执行器或传感器失效故障下,考虑状态变量可测时和不可测时2种情况,分别采用状态反馈和基于状态观测器的动态输出反馈控制策略,建立了不确定闭环故障NNCS的模型。特别是基于状态观测器的动态输出反馈控制的建模中,时延采用了更符合工程实际的分段处理方法,并分别考虑了分段时延的上下界,为后续少保守性结论的获得奠定了基础。
     2)采用状态反馈控制策略,以时滞依赖的方法,通过构造适当的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,综合应用自由权矩阵、积分不等式、交叉项界定、线性矩阵不等式等方法和技术,研究了不确定NNCS对执行器或传感器失效故障的鲁棒容错控制问题,得到了使不确定NNCS具有鲁棒完整性、鲁棒H。完整性、鲁棒保性能及鲁棒H∞保性能容错等少保守性的时滞依赖充分条件和控制器的优化设计方法,并对所得结论进行了有效性仿真验证和保守性比较研究。由于结论中包括了有关时延属性的所有信息,尤其是时延下界τm的引入,使得结论的保守性得以减少。另外,在分析中未进行模型变换,也未放大任何项和忽略有用项,而是借助Newton-Leibniz公式和积分不等式引入了较多自由权矩阵,使得求解的自由度变大,保守性也进一步减少。
     3)采用基于状态观测器的动态输出反馈控制策略,首先应用类似前述状态反馈控制的研究方法,研究了不确定NNCS对执行器失效故障具有鲁棒完整性及鲁棒H∞完整性的容错控制问题。其次,考虑采用动态输出控制策略后对时延的分段处理,前述方法因过多自由权矩阵的引入会产生大量的决策变量导致计算更加复杂,进而在研究鲁棒保性能及鲁棒H∞保性能容错控制问题时,仅通过改进的Jensen不等式对交叉项进行了处理,并引入了时延信息的中间量α1和α2以适当降低矩阵维数。由于未通过Newton-Leibniz公式引入任何自由权矩阵,明显减少了由此带来的过多决策变量所引起的计算负担,以及过多决策变量优化而可能产生的保守性。通过上述研究,得到了使不确定NNCS具有鲁棒完整性、鲁棒H∞完整性、鲁棒保性能及鲁棒H∞保性能容错等少保守性的时滞依赖充分条件和控制器优化的设计方法,并对所得结论进行了有效性的仿真验证。文中,还就保守性及计算复杂度对2种方法进行了比较研究,结果表明后一方法在减少结论保守性和降低计算复杂度上更具优势,进而昭示出对提高不确定NNCS容错满意度的益处。
     4)借助于兰州理工大学先进控制实验室的PCS平台,基于OPC等技术成功开发了虚拟NCS试验平台,并在此平台上对所有理论成果进行了工程可用性实验研究。结果表明构建的虚拟NCS试验平台运行可靠,所有理论结果正确、有效。由于该平台的灵活性,为复杂NCS的时延研究提供了便利。
     总之,本文针对不确定NNCS所提出的一系列少保守性、高满意度、低复杂度的鲁棒容错控制器的设计方法,将成为提高NCS安全可靠性的重要途径。尤其是针对实际工程上状态变量可能不易全部获得的情形,将状态观测器、控制器、网络属性、故障等统一在T-S模糊模型框架下,进行的鲁棒容错控制研究,为NNCS的被动容错控制率先探求了行之有效的方法。
Compared with traditional systems where various components are usually connected via point-to-point cables, the NCS have large scale, complicated construction and more fault inducing factors. In the event of failure may cause the huge loss of personnel and property. Hence, NCS are increasingly received a extensive attention via design of fault-tolerant control to improve the safety and reliability of the system. Aiming at some problems for the existing achievements of NCS fault-tolerant control, such as controlled plant is mostly linear, system performance generally is integrity, state feedback control strategy is usually adopted, and the delay-independent conclusions are mostly large conservative, and so on, this paper addresses the problem of robust fault-tolerant control for nonlinear networked control systems (NNCS) with network-induced delay and packed dropout. Overall briefly as follows:
     1) For a class of uncertain NNCS with network-induced delay and packed dropout, a T-S fuzzy model is employed to represent the nonlinear controlled plant. Considered the state variables are measurable and immeasurable respectively, the packed dropout as a special type of time-delay, state feedback and observer-based dynamic output feedback control strategy are used respectively to set up the closed loop failure model of nonlinear NCS against actuator or sensor failure. Especially, in the modeling of observer-based dynamic output feedback control strategy, delay section processing method is adopted, which more accord with the engineering practice, and the upper and lower bound of the time-delay are considered respectively. These have laid the foundation for subsequent less conservative result.
     2) For a uncertain NNCS with time-varying delay and packet dropout, using the state feedback control strategy, by construct a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and employ the free weighting matrix, linear matrix inequalities, several integral inequality, etc., the less conservative delay-dependent sufficient conditions and controller design methods are reserved for system with robust integrity, robust H∞integrity, robust guaranteed cost and robust H∞guaranteed cost fault-tolerant performances against sensor or actuator failure. Moreover, effectiveness and conservative of all conclusions are comparatively studied. Due to considering all information of time delay property, especially the lower bound of the time-delay, less conservative results are obtained. In addition, Neither model transformation nor magnifying or ignoring useful items in the theoretical result derivation, but free weighting matrixes are introduced via Newton-Leibniz formula and integral inequality, which amplify degrees of freedom of solution, and conservative is further reduced.
     3) For a uncertain NNCS with time-varying delay and packet dropout, we adopt observer-based dynamic output feedback control strategies when state variables are immeasurable. Firstly, used research method similar to that of the state feedback control, the problem of robust integrity and robust H∞integrity fault-tolerant control is investigated against actuator failure. Then considering complexity of the calculation which is caused by excessive free-weighting matrices due to segmentation process of time delay, we research the problem of robust guaranteed cost and robust H∞guaranteed cost fault-tolerant control via introducing the intermediate variables α1and α2of delay information to decrease matrix dimension and using Jensen inequality to process cross terms. Because any free-weighting matrix is not introduced, computational burden is decreased significantly and conservative which may be produced by optimization of excessive decision variables is avoided. Besides that, conservative and complexity are studied comparatively for two kinds of research methods in this paper. The result of the comparison show it is better on reduce conservative and lower computational complexity to the second method. And then benefit is flowed to improve the fault-tolerant satisfaction of uncertain NNCS.
     4) Relying on PCS platform supplied by the advanced control laboratory of Lanzhou University of Technology, we develop successfully virtual NCS test platform based on OPC and other technologies. In this experimental platform, aforementioned theoretical achievements are carried on experiment research of engineering usability. Results show that it is reliable to build for the test platform and it is correct and effective for all theoretical results. Due to the flexibility of the platform, it provides the convenience for the study of the complex NCS.
     In short, the results with little conservative, low computational complexity and high fault-tolerant satisfaction from the paper, will become the important way to improve safety of NCS. Especially, observer, controller, network properties and fault are unified under the T-S fuzzy model framework to study robust fault-tolerant control when state variables are immeasurable, which first to explore the effective methods for the passive fault-tolerant control of NNCS.
引文
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