摘要
目前,我国是世界上最大的建筑市场之一,大量的工程建设实践迫切需要对建设项目管理理论和方法进行深入研究并不断提升。工期管理是项目管理的重要组成部分,工期管理的效果对建设项目的成败有着决定性影响。现有的工期管理研究已取得一定的成果,但大都作了一些条件假设和简化,致使其实用性以及和实际的拟合程度有了一定的偏差。为此,本论文从工期管理的系统性、实用性出发,围绕工期目标确定、进度计划优化、实施过程控制、工期延误及索赔等有关工期管理的一些关键问题开展系统研究,主要研究工作及成果归纳如下:
(1)通过对各类确定工期和进度分析方法的研究,识别出不同方法的适用条件、应用特点及其局限性。提出了由遗传算法和蒙特卡洛模拟构成的并行工程工序编制模型。同时提出了一种在横道图和关键线路网络图基础上的新型直观的进度计划控制图方法,适用于多约束事件下的进度控制和分析。
(2)应用混合整数规划方法建立工期成本优化的混合整数规划一般模型,可以综合考虑工期成本关系为线性、非线性以及离散时的情形,并在此基础上建立了工期受限时和资源受限时的工期成本优化模型;还通过应用图论方法建立了工期成本优化图论模型。这些模型可以克服传统方法中的一些局限性,提高优化的水平,具有计算简便、快速和准确的优势;能用于解决较复杂工程的成本优化问题。
(3)应用系统动力学分析工期压力对整个工程项目的影响。在此基础上建立了工期压力对建设项目影响的系统动力学模型,可以帮助辨识工期压力作用下工程项目各方所面对的潜在问题,并为采取相应的对策提供帮助。
(4)运用文献计量方法识别、归纳并分析国际上多个国家和地区工期延误的影响因素,建立了以相关方、影响因素和时间为维度的工期延误分析模型。应用问卷调查对中国某大型调水工程项目群工期延误影响因素进行分析。还探讨了工期索赔工作过程、索赔依据及其管理问题。
China has become one of the biggest construction markets in the world.The researches and improvements on construction project management are required urgently for Chinese huge construction practices.Schedule management is one of the most importmant parts of construction project management.The effect of schedule management may determine a construction project is success or failure.Available researches on the schedule management have achieved abundant results,but they are almostly based on some conditional hypothesis and simplification,which leads to some deviatons between their practicability and the actual fitting degree.Therefore, considering of systematicness and practicability,this dissertation explore some key issues for construction project schedule management in the field of determining schedule goal,establishing schedule progress plan,controlling schedule execution, analyzing construction delay and claims.The main research and results are as the following:
(1) This dissertation evaluates a series of methods for construction schedule determination and analysis.This research identified the applicable conditions, characteristics and limitations of these methods.An optimization model using Genetic Algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation is built to obtain an optimization sequence of works process in concurrent engineering projects.A new more practical and visible schedule control chart model based on Bar Chart and CPM is established.It is useful for analysizing responsibility-allocated effectively,and schedule control under multi-ristriction events.
(2) Using mixed integral programming method,this study puts forward the time-cost optimize general model that having considered the linearity,non-linearity and dispersed time-cost relationships.Then,the time-cost optimize models subject to construction time and resources were developed.By using graph theory,a time-cost optimize graph theory model are also established.These models may overcoming some limitations existed in traditional methods,improving the optimize level,and having advantages of calculation simple,speedy and accurate.Especially,they may also deal with complex time-cost optimize issues.
(3) This dissertation uses system dynamics theory to seek the effects of schedule pressure on construction performance.A model of effects of schedule pressure on construction performance is then be developed and presented.The model may apply to identify the latent problems when the involved parties facing schedule pressures,and helps to supply some related countermeasures.
(4) Using literatures review and statistics method,this dissertation identifies and analyzes the causes of delays in construction projects in different countries or regions. Moreover,Tri-dimension(party,time,and category) model of causes of delays in construction projects is established.A questionnaire survey method applied to analyze delay reasons of a large water transmission project in China.The general procedures of claims for extension of time,and the proof and evidence and their management are also studied.
引文
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