摘要
本论文对城市生活垃圾厌氧消化处理过程进行了试验研究。厌氧消化（简称AD）过程是在厌氧环境下通过细菌促进有机质自然降解。它提供了将垃圾转化为生物气体（含大量甲烷）、肥料、和液态肥料的有效方法。这种处理技术在处理城市生活垃圾的同时还能产生大量沼气，最终产品可用做肥料。从而实现了将能源的回收利用与环境治理有机的结合。厌氧消化（简称AD）过程是在厌氧环境下通过细菌促进有机质自然降解。厌氧消化提供了将垃圾转化为生物气体（含大量甲烷）、肥料、和液态肥料的有效方法。
目前，利用厌氧消化来得到能量将成为越来越迫切的问题。 有机物来源稳定，而传统的燃料日趋减少成为发展中国家使用厌氧消化处理技术的重要原因。在欧洲和亚洲，厌氧消化技术将成为一些能量供给和填埋厂用来储存能量和处理垃圾的重要手段，更为复杂的处理工业废弃物的厌氧消化装置将会大量增加。
论文试验分为小试试验和生产性中试两部分，在小试试验中，进行了厌氧发酵过程的可行性研究、动力学研究、最佳运转参数的选择，在试验的基础上，做了物料平衡计算和碳平衡计算。在生产性中试中，对厌氧消化处理工艺路线及工艺参数进行了试验研究与优化。
最终的研究结果表明，用该工艺处理城市生活垃圾是可行的。在本论文条件下：中温最佳工艺参数为停留时间13天、固含量10%、负荷率10.1gTS/(L*D)。COD去除率为65.8%；产气量11.75L/kgts;甲烷含量63.5%；AN为1232(mg/l)KN为1697(mg/l)。由此可知：本实验物料平衡良好，COD 利用率也很高。
厌氧消化处理技术同时存在着很多潜在的问题，任何厌氧消化装置将会产生一些危险并对环境造成一些潜在的负面影响。这些危险和影响一经出现就要马上解决或者至少使其降低到最低限度。选择正确的设计方案，采取严格的管理措施，选择最为合适的地点最好的建厂环境并选用最为合适的处理技术,都将有助于消除这种负面影响，并将其降到最低限度。
The thesis explores in anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste Including small experimentation and middle experimentation. this approach boasts in its ability to combine pollution treatment with energy and material recovery as it can produce biogas and fertilizer. Anaerobic digesters produce conditions that encourage the natural breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of air. Anaerobic digestion (AD) provides an effective method for turning residues into: Biogas Fibre Liquo. A properly designed and operated AD plant can achieve a better energy balance，it also Reducing greenhouse gases, Displacing use of finite fossil fuels, Recycling nutrients, Reducing land and water pollution, Supporting Organic Farming, Efficient electricity distribution and so on.
For tomorrow and the future, the authors expect the driving forces for the use of anaerobic digestion to continue to drift away from energy production. Organic stabilization and pathogen reduction, in addition to energy production will be important reasons to use AD in developing countries. Energy savings in operation and minimal sludge production from AD versus aerobic treatment will become more important in energy and landfill deficient areas of Europe and Asia. The use of more complex AD processes for industrial waste treatment will increase.
Through stage and continues experiments, experiments were designed and carried out on the feasibility of the approach; dynamic research ;best reaction indexes, etc. Based on experimental data, material balance modle was built to calculate the COD and C balance in the thesis
The results show that under the experimental conditions, the approach is feasible。The best reaction indexes are: retention time of 13d;solid concentration of 10% and load of 10.1gTS/(L*D)。The COD is reduced by 65.8%with a gas production of 11.75L/kgts and methane concentration of 63.5%. The material balance is excellent in the thesis with a COD utility ration. the balance of MSW is well .
Anaerobic digestion projects, as with any development, will create some risks and have some potential negative environmental impacts. These need to be removed wherever possible, or at least minimised. With good design and proper management of digesters, and the appropriate technology in the right place in the right circumstances, all the potentially negative
environmental and economic implications of AD can be minimised or removed completely.
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