摘要
随着石油的过度消耗和环境的逐渐恶化,汽车工业当前最迫切的任务就是寻找有效的途径来减少或替代石化燃料的消耗和降低排放。插电式混合动力汽车可以通过外部电网为车载电池充电,提高了电能量在车辆驱动中使用的比重,是目前最有发展前景的新能源汽车之一,具有重要的研究意义。
本文的主要工作是把现有的一种内燃机客车设计为插电式混合动力驱动系统,并对其进行性能仿真。首先对现有的混合动力汽车驱动系统的各种结构进行了分析对比,根据实际需要,设计了基于自主研发的电驱动自动变速器(EMT)的单轴并联式转矩耦合的驱动系统结构。该结构解决了插电式系统布置困难的难题,具有紧凑、简单可靠,便于安装,换挡时间快和换挡平顺的特点。
其次,本文根据设计的插电式混合动力驱动系统结构,结合原内燃机客车车型的基本参数和设计需达到的性能要求,对驱动系统各主要部件包括发动机、电机、电池等进行了选型和参数匹配。然后,分析研究了当前常用的几种并联式混合动力控制策略,基于插电式混合动力汽车能量管理的分析,提出了一种基于逻辑门限的插电式混合动力能量管理策略—混合控制策略。该策略能够较好的对插电式混合动力汽车进行能量管理和分配。
最后,对ADVISOR软件自带的并联式混合动力汽车模型进行了二次开发,建立了本文设计的插电式混合动力汽车及其主要部件的模型,并在中国典型城市公交工况下对其进行仿真。分析仿真得到的发动机、电机的工作点,电池SOC变化曲线以及各数据,结果表明车辆达到了设计要求的各项动力性能指标,并且与原内燃机车辆相比,燃油经济性提高了31%。
With excessive consumption of oil and gradual deterioration of environment, to find the effective way to reduce fossil fuel consumption and emissions is the most urgent task for the automotive industry presently. Plug-in hybrid vehicles can charge vehicle batteries from the external power grid, and raise the proportion of electric energy used in vehicles driving system, so it is one of the most promising new energy vehicles currently, and the study on it is of great significance.
The main job of this thesis is to design plug-in hybrid drive system for the existing bus driven by internal combustion engine, and proceed to performance simulation for it. Firstly, through analyzed and compared the various structures of the existing hybrid vehicle drive system, according the practical requirement, the thesis designed a single-axis parallel torque coupling structure based on self-developed electric-drive mechanical transmission for drive system of the bus. The structure solved the problem that plug-in hybrid system is difficult to layout, and have the characteristics of compact, simple, reliable,installing easily, shifting rapidly and smoothly.
Secondly, according to the structure designed for plug-in hybrid drive system, basic parameters of the original bus, and performance requirements the vehicle needs to achieve, major components of the vehicle including engine, motor, storage battery were selected and the parameters of plug-in hybrid drive system were matched. Then, the thesis studied several of the commonly used control strategies for parallel hybrid electric vehicles, and proposed a energy management strategy—hybrid control strategy based on rule-based logic threshold for plug-in hybrid vehicle. The strategy can make management and distribution of energy better in plug-in hybrid vehicles.
Finally, a secondary development of parallel hybrid electric vehicle model of the ADVISOR software was carried on. The thesis built model of the plug-in hybrid bus which was designed in this paper and its main components, and took the simulation of vehicle performance in typical urban transit conditions of Chinese. Operating point of the engine and motor, the SOC curve of batteries, and the data got through simulation were analyzed. The results show that the vehicle has reached the dynamic performance of the design requirements, and fuel consumption per hundred kilometers increased by31%compared with the original bus driven by internal combustion engine.
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