摘要
随着深部采矿工程、边坡工程以及核废物地下处置等工程的不断发展,国内外的工程建设都面临许多岩石力学问题,一些重大工程灾害也时有发生,岩石破裂机制及其渗流-应力耦合特性的研究是解决并进而控制重大工程灾害的基础。基于此,本文在弹塑性理论、经典Biot渗流理论和细胞自动机自组织理论的基础上,提出了岩石破裂过程及其渗流-应力耦合特性研究的弹塑性细胞自动机模型,并开发了相应的数值模拟分析系统EPCA(Elasto-Plastic Cellular Automaton)和HM-EPCA(Hydro-Mechanics coupling analysis with Elasto-Plastic Cellular Automaton),用于研究非均质岩石的破裂过程及其在渗流-应力耦合作用下的破裂机理。主要工作如下:
1、基于细胞自动机局部作用原理,在力的平衡条件、变形协调条件,以及达西定律、渗流连续方程的基础上,建立了平面连续体(实体)的细胞自动机更新规则,用于求解岩石力学、渗流力学及其渗流-应力耦合问题;
2、基于弹塑性理论和细胞自动机自组织理论,提出了用于模拟岩石破裂过程的弹塑性细胞自动机模型,给出了模拟岩石破裂过程的基本思路以及模拟岩石非均质性、破裂过程的声发射的具体方法,并利用VC++工具,开发了具有自主版权的数值模拟分析系统EPCA;
3、利用EPCA分析系统,模拟了岩石单轴压缩破裂过程,研究了循环载荷作用下的宏观变形行为及破裂过程中声发射的Kaiser效应;研究了岩石的非均质性、高径比以及尺寸等对岩石破裂过程的影响;模拟了岩石试样在拉伸载荷(直接拉伸、巴西圆盘和三点弯曲等)作用下的破裂过程,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;
4、针对岩石单轴压缩破裂过程中出现的I类曲线和II类曲线,引入应力-应变线性组合的加载控制方式,利用EPCA系统模拟岩石破裂过程的I类和II类行为,分析了II类曲线产生的机理;
5、在岩石破裂过程弹塑性细胞自动机模型的基础上,增加了应力-渗流耦合模型,基于弹塑性理论、经典Biot渗流理论和细胞自动机自组织理论,提出了岩石破裂过程应力-渗流耦合特性研究的弹塑性细胞自动机模型,并利用VC++
With the development of mining engineering in deep underground, side slope engineering and nuclear waste disposal etc, people in the world encounter numerous rock mechanical problems during engineering construction. Some fatal engineering disasters occur from time to time. Research on rock failure mechanism as well as hydro-mechanical coupling characteristics is the key to solve and control the engineering disasters. In order to solve these issues, based on elasto-plastic theory, Biot theory and cellular automaton self-organized theory, an elasto-plastic cellular automaton model is built to study rock fracturing process and coupled hydro-mechanical effect. The EPCA (Elasto-Plastic Cellular automaton) code and HM-EPCA (Hydro-Mechanics coupling analysis with Elasto-Plastic Cellular automaton) code for rock failure process simulation are developed to study the failure mechanism of heterogeneous rocks with and without consideration of hydro-mechanical effect. The following contents are included in this thesis:
1. According to CA local action theory, solid CA updating rules are built on the basis of equilibrium equation, consistent equation and Darcy’s law, fluid continuity equation to solve problems related to rock mechanics, seepage field and coupled hydro-mechanics.
2. An EPCA (Elasto-Plastic Cellular automaton) model is built to simulate the failure process of heterogeneous rocks on the basis of elasto-plastic theory and cellular automaton self-organization theory. The basic thought for simulating rock failure process as well as heterogeneous model of rock material and acoustic emission during failure process is presented. An EPCA code is developed in Visual C++ environment.
3. By using EPCA code, the failure process of heterogeneous rocks under uniaxial compression is conducted. The mechanical behavior and Kaiser effect of AE under cyclic loading is investigated. The EPCA code is used to study the effect of heterogeneity, H/W ratio of rock specimen and sample size etc. on the failure process of rocks. The failure processes of rocks under tensile loading such as direct tension and indirect tension, including notched brazilian disc and three points bending, are studied and the results are well agreement with experimental results.
4. By introducing the linear combination of stress and strain loading control method, the EPCA model is used to simulate the failure process of rocks to obtain not only Class I curves, but also Class II curves. The mechanism of Class II behavior is discussed.
5. An HM-EPCA (Hydro-Mechanics coupling analysis with Elasto-Plastic Cellular automaton) model is built on the basis of EPCA model, by introducing hydro-mechanical coupling model. An HM-EPCA code is developed in Visual C++ environment.
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