摘要
银杏类(Ginkgales)和茨康类(Czekanowskiales)植物是全球中生代植物的重要组成部分,在地史时期植物界的发展演化研究中具有重要意义。我国新疆准噶尔盆地西部中侏罗世含煤地层中,上述两类植物化石较为丰富,但以往研究工作尚不够深入。本文重点选择准噶尔盆地西部白杨河及玛纳斯河两地区中侏罗世西山窑组的银杏类和茨康类化石,对其进行了较详细的研究,特别是对上述两类植物的压型化石(compression)进行了较深入的叶部角质层解剖等研究,提高了上述化石的分类研究程度。
全文共报道了8属14种,其中包括银杏类4属8种及茨康类4属6种,首次较详细地研究了该地区新近发现的银杏类——准噶尔楔拜拉(Sphenobaiera junggarensis),革质银杏(Ginkgo coriacea)和茨康类生殖器官——疏叶薄果穗(Leptostroobus laxiflora),槲寄生穗(未定种)(Ixostrobus sp.)等4种化石;详细研究了已往在本研究区发现的奥勃鲁契夫银杏(Ginkgo obrutschewi)及狭叶拟刺葵(Phoenicopsis angustifolia)两种植物的叶表皮构造;并对近年来银杏类和茨康类植物化石的演化及研究进展做了综述和探讨。作者结合对地层与植物群的分析,对植物群的性质、地质时代等也进行了分析论证。在此基础上,探讨了准噶尔盆地中侏罗世古地理、古气候等,认为准噶尔盆地西部属于中侏罗世欧亚大陆植物地理区系中的西伯利亚区。野外工作中,作者还实测了准噶尔盆地西北缘白杨河沿岸中侏罗统的典型地层剖面。
上述研究对推动我国西北地区中侏罗世植物群及其含煤地层对比研究、恢复古地理、古环境等提供了新资料。
Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales are ones of the most important taxa of the Mesozoic flora all over the world and significant for the study of evolution of the gymnosperms during the geological history. Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales are abundant in the Middle Jurassic of the western Junggar Basin, Xinjang of China, but they are short of thorough study in their taxonomy during the past. In the present paper, the author studies the cuticles of the two order-rank taxa from the Middle Jurassic in the Baiyang River and Manas River areas of the western Junggar Basin, for the first time. There are 8 genera and 14 species, in total, reported , in which, Sphenobaiera junggarensis, Ginkgo coriacea, Leptostrobus laxiflora and Ixostrobus sp. are found very recently, are studied in detail for the first time. Besides, the cuticles of Ginkgo obrutschewi and Phoenicopsi(sP.)angustifolia are described in detail for the first time, also. On the basis of the characters of the present flora, the author analyses also the geological age, paleogeography and paleoclamite indicated paleobotanically. At the same time, the author summarizes the recent advance in the study of Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales. In the field work, the author measured the geological section of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao
引文
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