摘要
我国是苦苣苔亚科植物的分布及多样化中心。多数种观赏价值极高,野外原生种由于生境遭受严重破坏,大多处于濒危状态。因此对珍稀的苦苣苔科植物的迁地保育和对有观赏和商业开发价值的中国特有苦苣苔科植物的选育都需要进行栽培生理和繁育技术方面的深入研究。
本论文研究的3种植物花叶兼美,花形奇特,花期长,观赏价值高,具有很高的室内观赏盆花市场开发前景。本文在保护资源的前提下,对其生境、快繁及抗逆性进行了综合研究,为其引种和商品化发展奠定基础。研究结果如下:
(1)通过引种栽培试验得出,苦苣苔科植物在模拟生境条件下比较容易引种。栽培过程中遮荫度、空气和土壤湿度及空气的流通程度是关键。
(2)对3种植物的组培快繁技术进行研究,浙皖粗筒苣苔Briggsia chienii Chun通过种子获得无菌材料,闽赣长蒴苣苔Didymocarpus heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz.和大花旋蒴苣苔Boea clarkeana Hemsle以幼叶作为外植体得到无菌材料,3种植物均能实现组织培养的全过程,且长势良好。实验结果显示,MS+NAA0.1mg·L~(-1)+6-BA0.1mg·L~(-1)(单位下同)、MS+NAA0.1+6-BA0.2和1/2MS分别是浙皖粗筒苣苔的最佳启动分化培养基、最佳继代增殖培养基和最佳壮苗生根培养基。MS+NAA0.5+6-BA 1、MS+NAA0.5+6-BA 2分别是闽赣长蒴苣苔、大花旋蒴苣苔的最佳启动分化培养基。对3种植物的叶插繁殖技术试验表明,3种苦苣苔科植物之间生根难易度差异显著,闽赣长蒴苣苔未见生根,大花旋蒴苣苔和浙皖粗筒苣苔均在叶插后15 d左右开始长根,14 d到20 d期间达到生根旺期,23 d后基本生根完全。大花旋蒴苣苔的叶插生根率最高。
(3)综合光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等6个生理生化指标,耐荫能力强弱顺序为:大花旋蒴苣苔>闽赣长蒴苣苔>浙皖粗筒苣苔。综合细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量、MDA含量、根冠比等8个生理生化指标,耐旱能力强弱顺序为:大花旋蒴苣苔>闽赣长蒴苣苔>浙皖粗筒苣苔。
It is the distribution and diversity center of China for the subfamily Cyrtandroideae Endl. Emend. Burtt. The majority of wild native species are of high ornamental value but endangered because of severly damaged habitat. So the conservation of the rare plants and cultivation of that of commercial development value are need to study in depth for physiological and breeding technologies.
The three plants we studied which have beautiful flowers and leaves,exotic flowers,long flowering and high ornamental value are of huge market and developing prospects. This is a comprehensive study of their habitats, phenology, rapid propagation and stress resistance. We are seeking the ways for their domestication and commercialization, we try to develop them into products of ornamental flowers and enrich our gardening landscape.
The results as follows:
⑴Tthrough the introduction and cultivation experiment, the plants of Gesneriaceae are relatively introduced easily under the simulated habitat conditions. The key of the cultivation process is shading, soil humidity and air circulation. It can be seen Boea clarkeana Hemsle has obvious advantages to the other two in flowering.
⑵Through the techniques of Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation, we find Didymocarpus Heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz.and Boea clarkeana Hemsle both can obtain sterilized material by explant leaves and Briggsia chienii can obtain sterilized material only by seeds. The three ones can all achieve the whole process of tissue culture, and growing well. The results showed, for Briggsia chienii, MS+NAA0.1mg·L~(-1)+6-BA0.1mg·L~(-1) is the best medium of shoots differentiation, MS+NAA0.1mg·L~(-1)+6-BA0.2mg·L~(-1) is the best medium of shoots proliferation,and 1/2MS is the best medium of rooting; for Didymocarpus Heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz, MS+NAA0.5mg·L~(-1)+6-BA 1 mg·L~(-1) is the best medium of shoots differentiation while Boea clarkeana Hemsle is MS + NAA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+6-BA 1mg·L~(-1).
The results of cutting propagation showed us the three ones have significant differences between the difficulty of rooting. Didymocarpus Heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz. didm't root, Briggsia chienii and Boea clarkeana Hemsle began rooting after 15 days, and root completely after 23 days. We learmed from the data that Boea clarkeana Hemsle has the highest rooting rate.
⑶Integraded 6 physiological and biochemical indexes such as Pn, Gs,Tr,etc. We learmed the capacity of shade tolerence is:Boea clarkeana Hemsle>Didymocarpus Heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz.>Briggsia chienii. Integraded 8 physiological and biochemical indexes such as membrane permeability, content of proline and MDA, We learmed the capacity of drought tolerence is:Boea clarkeana Hemsle>Didymocarpus Heucherifolius Hand.-Mazz.>Briggsia chienii.
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