协同开发环境中CAD/CAM集成技术研究
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摘要
随着信息技术和计算机网络技术的发展,世界经济全球化的进程大大加速,异地分布式网络化制造将是制造技术发展的必然趋势。各种CAD、CAPP、CAM等计算机辅助技术是进行产品开发的必备辅助工具,而支持异地协同开发的CAD/CAM集成则是保证分散网络化制造有效进行的关键。通过对协同开发环境中的CAD/CAM集成技术的研究,支持企业以更短的产品开发周期、更高的产品质量,更低的产品成本和更好的售后服务赢得市场竞争,具有十分重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
     本文首先根据协同开发环境中CAD/CAM集成的特点和需求,提出了协同开发环境中CAD/CAM集成系统的体系结构,为构造实际的面向协同产品开发的CAD/CAM集成系统奠定了基础。指出了实现协同开发环境中CAD/CAM集成所需的关键技术,为全文的研究奠定了基础。
     特征技术是CAD/CAM集成的核心,特征是协同开发环境中信息传递的媒介。本文根据协同开发环境对信息的需求,从特征定义、特征分类、特征关系、特征表达、特征库的建立与管理等方面对特征技术进行了深入系统的研究。文中提出了用面向对象的知识表达方法表达特征类层次结构的思想,设计了各类特征的O-O表达模式,在此基础上建立了特征库,并研究了零件特征利特征类的编码策略,为特征库的有效维护和管理、方便协同开发环境中各应用系统间信息的传递以及工艺设计时典型工艺的搜索奠定了基础。
     产品建模是实现CAD/CAM集成的关键,建立统一的产品定义模型是实现协同开发的基础。文中提出了基于特征的集成产品定义模型,研究了该模型的建立与实现,该模型能够为协同开发环境中的各子系统提供完整的产品定义数据,支持各子系统之间的信息交流,方便产品数据的管理和操作,从而为协同开发环境下信息的真正集成提供了保障。
     CAPP系统是连接CAD,CAM以及协同开发环境中管理等系统的桥梁,在协同开发环境中CAPP的内涵、功能、目标更大,本文捉出了一个基于数据库和网络的、人机交互性强的分布式CAPP系统,研究了工艺决策策略,提出了基于零件特征码和特征类码的工艺搜索机制,并在工艺设计过程中引入了工艺设计导航和可视化技术。为方便协同开发人员使用工艺数据与知识,研究了不同类型工艺数据与知识的表达方法,提出了层次式工艺数据与知识管理模型,并开发了相应的工艺数据与知识管理平台,为工艺设计过程提供了支撑。
    
     .11.摘 要 2001年 10月
     CAD/CAM集成数据管理是实现 CADICAM集成的基础。本文提出了一个基于 C侣的
    多用户异构分布式数据库管理系统的集成框架,运用面向对象的技术建立了CADEAM集
    成数据库及其数据表集,在此基础上提出了协同开发过程中信息传递、控制及一致性维护
    的解决方案,对CADICAM集成数据进行有效的管理和操作,为异地分布的多个用户并行
    地进行产品及相关过程设计提供有力的支持。
     根据协同产品开发环境中CAD/CAM集成系统的体系结构和对CAD/CAM集成基础理
    论的研究,我们开发了应用于协同产品开发环境中的CAD/CAM系统。文章的最后详细介
    绍了该系统的实现方法和应用实例。
     本文的成果为开发人员在协同开发环境下完成协同产品开发捉供了基础。
The rapid development of information technology and network technology quickens the course of economy globalization. Web-based distributed manufacturing is the necessary trend of manufacturing technology. Various computer-aided technologies, such as CAD, CAPP, CAM and so on, are essential tools for product development. And the CAD/CAM integration is the key to implement web-based distributed manufacturing effectively. Thus the researches on technology of CAD/CAM integration in collaborative development environment (CDE) have great value both in theory and practice. It can help enterprise to short the product development time, improve the quality of product, reduce the product cost, and improve the quality of the after service so that the competition abilities of the enterprise are enhanced.
    In this dissertation, the architecture of CAD/CAM integrated system in CDE is proposed firstly according to characteristics and requirements of CAD/CAM integration in CDE, so a foundation is established for the construction of CAD/CAM integrated system supporting collaborative product development. And the key techniques to implement the integration are discussed so that a foundation has been set up for the other parts of the dissertation.
    Feature technology is the kernel of CAD/CAM integration, and feature is the medium of information transmission in CDE. According to the information requirements of CDE, feature definition, feature classification, feature relationship, feature representation and establishment and management of feature library are all researched systematically in the dissertation. An idea of representing the hierarchy of feature class using O-O knowledge representation method is proposed. Then O-O representation modes of feature classes are designed and feature library is established. In order to support the maintenance and management of feature library, both the transmission of information among subsystems in CDE and the searching of processing plan during process planning, coding strategy of part feature and feature class are researched in the dissertation.
    Product modeling is the key to implement CAD/CAM integration. Uniform product definition model is the foundation of achieving collaborative development. In the dissertation, feature-based integrated product definition model is put forward, and the establishment and realization of this model are researched. This model not only can provide whole product data for all subsystems in
    
    
    
    CDE but also support information transmission among subsystems to make convenience for management and operation of product data and ensure real integration of information in CDE.
    CAPP is the bridge of connecting CAD, CAM, MIS and other subsystems in CDE. Connotation, function and aim of CAPP in CDE are greater. In the dissertation, a distributed CAPP system based on database and web and integrated computer human interaction is brought forward. Layered process decision-making strategy and process searching mechanism based on part feature code and feature class code are proposed. During the process planning, technologies of process planning navigation and visualization are used. In order to make convenience for collaborative designers to use technical data and knowledge, various methods of representing different kind of technical data and knowledge are studied, a layered technical data and knowledge management model is put forward, and corresponding technical data and knowledge management platform is developed to set up a powerful foundation for process planning.
    CAD/CAM integrated data management is the base for implementing CAD/CAM integration. In the dissertation, the CAD/CAM integrated database and its datasheets are built applying O-O method. Solutions of information transmission and control during collaborative development and maintenance of consistency are all put out in the dissertation, so as to manage and operate CAD/CAM integrated data effectively, and support distributed multi-users to develop product and related process concurrently.
    We have developed the C
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