摘要
隧道的地下水环境影响研究是从保护环境的目标出发,通过各种适当的研究方法和手段,分析隧道建设对周边地下水环境可能带来的影响和危害,从而为隧道建设的地下水环境保护提供依据的研究。
叙岭关隧道是纳黔高速公路的一条长大岩溶隧道,隧址区落水洞、干溶斗、溶管、地下暗河等岩溶形态发育,隧道在建设过程中极易揭露这些岩溶形态,从而破坏隧址区地下水系统的平衡。通过现场实地调查在隧址区布设了8个井泉监测点、2个溪流断面监测点以及1个气象监测点,构建了叙岭关隧道地下水的动态监测体系。通过该监测体系,大量获取了隧址区动态监测点流量(水位)、水化学、同位素以及降雨量的变化信息,为准确分析隧址区地下水的特征提供了数据支持。将降雨量与流量(水位)的动态监测数据进行对比分析,分析结果表明隧址区有2个井的水位受到了隧道建设的影响；将水化学与同位素的检测结果进行对比分析,分析结果表明隧址区地下水的水质也受到了隧道建设的微弱影响。
此外,通过资料调研建立了隧道工程地下水环境负效应的评价指标体系,经用于叙岭关隧道实例研究,得出了该隧道建设产生的地下水环境负效应等级为中等偏弱的结论,这与地下水的特征分析结果以及隧道施工过程中现场的调查情况相符,表明该评价体系对叙岭关隧道的地下水环境影响评价比较合理,可为类似工程提供参考。
The research on the underwater environmental effects of tunnel is aiming at protecting the environment. By a variety of proper means and analyzing the influence and harm caused by the construction of tunnel, we can get the basis for underwater environment protection of the tunnel construction.
The Xulingguan Tunnel is a long big Karst tunnel on the Naqian Freeway. By setting 8 monitoring spots for the well and spring,2 points for the fracture section of streams as well as 1 point for the meteorology in the tunnel area, we set up the moving underwater monitoring system of the Xulingguan Tunnel. Via this system. we get a great deal of changing information at the monitoring points in the tunnel area for water flowing amount(water level), water chemistry, isotope and the amount of rainfall. And this is the data support for analyzing the characters of underwater in this region. By comparing and analyzing the data of rainfall and water flowing amount(water level), the result shows that the water level of two wells is affected by the tunnel construction. Comparing and analyzing the detection results of water chemistry and isotope, we know that the tunnel construction has a slight influence on the underwater quality in the tunnel area.
What's more, setting the index evaluation system of the negative effect on underwater environment in tunnel project and taking the Xulingguan Tunnel as an example for researching, we get the conclusion that the negative effect of this tunnel construction on underwater environment is lower-middle. It corresponds to the analyzing result of the underwater characters. This indicates that the evaluation of the underwater environment influence about the Xulingguan Tunnel is reasonable. It can offer reference to some similar projects.
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