摘要
远程教育是对教师和学生在时空上相对分离，教育教学行为通过各种教育技术和媒体资源实现联系、交互和整合的各类院校或社会机构组织的教育的总称。随着远程教育尤其是基于Internet技术的现代远程教育的发展，对其相关理论和实践问题的研究逐渐成为教育领域的热点。本文从教育技术学、学习学和教育管理学的角度对远程教育系统的技术体系结构、系统组织模式、传播模型和系统分析方法进行了全面研究，并对远程教育系统的构成要素进行了分析。
远程教育系统的技术体系结构包括三个层次六个组成部分的技术，即物理层的通道技术和媒体技术，建构层的平台技术和教学设计技术，运行层的管理技术和评价技术。
远程教育的组织结构分为四种典型模式：树状模式、辐射状模式、网状模式、混合模式。
基于拉斯韦尔直线模式、香农—韦弗数学模式、施拉姆循环模式和罗密佐斯基双向传播模式等信息传播模式，本文提出了由教育者、信息、学习者、媒体、通道、控制机制与环境共同组成的远程教育的一般传播模型，并以此模型分析了远程教育过程以及远程教育系统传播中信息失真的原因。
远程教育系统常用的分析方法主要包括功能型系统分析法、过程型系统分析法和主体型系统分析法，本文还提出了新的系统要素分析法，并用此方法对远程教育系统的学生要素、教师要素、媒体要素和评价要素进行了详细分析。
Conceptually, integrates kinds of distance education forms and their connotation, such as the separation between instructors and students spatio-temporal, conducting education and instruction activities utilizing modern education technologies as tools and media resources as contents, interchange and integration all kinds of education resources of schools, colleges and other social organizations. With the development of distance education especially, the development of modern Internet-based distance education, the theoretical researches and practical topic discussions of distance education have gradually been the focuses in the field of education. The author of this paper analyzes the organization mode, technology structure and communication model of the distance education system from points of view of distance technology, education psychology and educational management science. The factors of the distance education system are also emphasized in this paper.
The technology system structure of distance education system can be divided into three levels and six technology fields. The first level is physical level which includes channel technology and media technology, the second level is constructive level which includes platform technology and instruction design technology, the third level is operation level which includes management and evaluation technology.
The organization structure of distance education system can be divided into four typical modes: tree mode, radial mode, netlike mode and mixed mode.
Based on Lasswell's linear mode, Claude E.Shanon-Weaver's mathematical mode, Schlamme's circular mode and Romiszoski's bidirectional mode, the general communication model of distance education system composed by instructor, learner, information channel, control mechanism and surroundings is employed. The author analysis the process of distance education and the reason of information distortion in the communication loop of distance education with the model as a tool.
The analysis methods of current distance education system are summarized. They are function-typed system analysis method, process-typed system analysis method and subject-typed system analysis method. Ultimately, it is analyzed that the main ingredients of distance education in detail which including student factor, the teacher factor, the media factor and the evaluation factor with putting forward the system factors analysis method as a useful tool.
引文
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