摘要
在大功率应用领域,多电平逆变器具有许多独特的优点,如不需要器件串联就可以实现高电压等级的输出、输出电压du/dt小、输出电压谐波含量少,因此多电平逆变器在电力系统以及大功率交流传动领域受到极大的重视。目前常见的多电平逆变器主要有三种:二极管箝位式、电容箝位式和级联式。级联逆变器的每一相由多个单相全桥逆变器串联而成,因此级联逆变器的调制,控制以及器件的保护都是模块化的,易于逆变器的生产、应用和扩展。但是级联逆变器需要为每个单相逆变单元提供一个独立的直流源,因此当逆变器输出电压的电平数较多时需要大量的独立直流源,这是级联逆变器的主要缺点,它限制了级联逆变器的应用范围。为了解决这个问题,文中提出了一种新型混合级联逆变器。这种新型混合级联逆变器通过提高直流源的利用率,从而达到减少直流源数的目的。本文首先从单相逆变器的工作原理入手,针对单相逆变器存在的问题导出新型混合级联逆变器的工作原理并运用MATLAB/simulink进行仿真,然后再扩展到三相混合级联逆变器。从仿真结果证实了新型混合级联逆变器可以实现三相五电平、七电平和十一电平输出,而且控制简单有效。由于新型混合级联逆变器省去了一半或一半以上的直流源,应此系统得到了简化,可靠性得到了提高。
For high-power applications, multilevel inverter structures have the particular advantage, such as high level output voltage without series strings of switching devices, lower du/dt and reduction in output voltage harmonics, so great emphasis has been putting on it in the application of power system and high-capacity AC drive applications. Nowadays, there are three prominent multilevel topologies, diode-clamped multilevel inverter, capacitor-clamped multilevel inverter and cascaded multilevel inverter. The cascaded inerter uses series strings of single-phase full-bridge inverters to construct multilevel phase legs. This topology that the modulation, control, and protection requirements of each bridge are modular leads to advantages in terms of manufacturing and flexibility of application. However each single-phase inverter requires its own isolated dc supply. This complexity has generally restricted cascaded inverters to the higher power range. In this paper, a new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed to solve cascaded inverter's primary disadvantage, a number of separate dc sources required. At first, the concept of the new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter is derived by analysis single phase inverter's theory, and then a series of diagram and waveform based on MATLAB/simulink are given for reference. This new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter has much advantage, such as simple topology, five or seven level output voltage, only one or two isolated dc source required and high dc source's utilization ratio. The improved new hybrid cascade multilevel inverter needs one isolated dc source for each phase, but the output voltage is of seven or eleven steps. This new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter requires half of isolated dc source at most, so the inverter system is simple, and the reliability is enhanced.
引文
[1]张选正,张金远.变频器运用经验.北京:中国电力出版社,2006,5
[2]ACS800系列变频器用户手册.北京ABB电气传动系统有限公司
[3]6SE70系列变频器用户手册.西门子电气传动有限公司
[4]VACON NSP变频器用户手册.伟肯(苏州)电气传动有限公司
[5]李永东,肖曦,高跃.大容量多电平变换器一原理·控制·应用.北京:科学出版社.2005,10
[6]迟颂.高压大容量级联式五电平变流器的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,1998
[7]黄嘉炳.电力电子行业现状与展望.电工技术学会电力电子学会四届四次理事会议暨学术报告会
[8]齐悦,杨耕,窦日轩.基于多电平变换逆变电路的拓扑分析.电机与控制学报,2002,6(1):74-79.
[9]单庆晓,李永东,判孟春.级联型逆变器的新进展.电工技术学报,2004(2)1-9
[10]卫三民,孙旭东,刘丛伟,李发海串联H桥多电平变频器电压空间矢量控制算法[J],清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(3):366-368
[11]中国电机系统节能项目组,中国电机系统能源效率与市场潜力分析,北京,机械Z业出版社,2001,43-47
[12]GVF-7500/3.8-T1型高压变频器.南车时代株洲变流技术国家工程研究中心
[13]张志刚.国外电力电子技术现状及发展趋势.中国电工技术学会电力电子学会四届四次理事会议暨学术报告会
[14]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006,9
[15]Hammond P.A New Approach to Enhance Power Quality for Medium Voltage AC Drives[J].IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1997,33(1):202-208
[16]Carrol E等.集成门极换流晶闸管--大功率电力电子器件家族的一个新成员[J].电力牵引快报,1998(5,6)
[17]何多昌,李军.IGCT器件及其在变流器上的应用.机车电传动,2006,50:5-8
[18]Nabae,I.Takahashi,Akayi H.A New Neutral-point-clamped PWM Inverter.IEEE Trans.Ind.Applicat.,1981,vol.17,no.5,518-523
[19]彭方正,钱照明,罗吉盖斯,赖泽生.现代多电平逆变器拓扑.变流技术与电力牵引,2006,5:6-11
[20]张科孟,陶生桂.一种抑制三点式逆变器中点电位偏离的控制方法及其仿真。机车电传动,1999,02:10-17
[21]辛想,张庆范.二极管箝位型多电平逆变器载波PWM控制方法的研究.变频器世界,2007,01:24-29
[22]张海涛,赵争鸣,袁立强,钱珏,鲁挺.一种新的应用于高压大容量变频器的失电跨越控制策略.电工电能新技术,2006,07:68-72
[23]陈阿莲,何湘宁.种具有中点电位平衡功能的混合箝位型多电平逆变器.中国电机工程学报,2005,1:18-22
[24]庄朝晖,熊有伦.一种简单的三电平逆变器PWM控制算法.电工技术学报,2001,4:45-50
[25]陶生挂,乌正康,邵丙衡.三点式逆变器的控制.铁道学报,1995,9:50-56
[26]王广柱.二极管箝位式多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡机理的研究.中国电机工程学报,2002,12:110-117
[27]高跃,李永东.二极管筘位型五电平逆变器电容电压平衡域的研究.变频器世界,2007,2:32-38
[28]Diego Soto,Tim C.GreenA Comparison of High-Power Converter Topologies for the Implementation of FACTS Controllers.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49 NO.5,OCTOBER 2002:1072-1080
[29]Keliang Zhou,Danwei Wang.Relationship Between Space-Vector Modulation and Three-Phase Carder-Based PWM:A Comprehensive Analysis.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49 NO.1,FEBRUARY 2002:186-195
[30]Annette von Jouanne,Shaoan Dai,Haoran Zhang.A Multilevel Inverter Approach Providing DC-Link Balancing,Ride-Through Enhancement,and Common-Mode Voltage Elimination.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49 NO.4.AUGUST 2002,739-744
[31]Afef Ben Abdelghani,Carlos A.Martins,Xanier Roboam and Thierry A.Meynard.Use of Extra Degrees of Freedom in Multilevel Drives.IEEE TRANSACT -IONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49 NO.5,OCTOBER 2002:965-976
[32]Fernando L.M.Antunes,Henrique A.C.Branga,Barbi.Application of a Generalized Current-Source Inverters.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,46 NO.1,FEBRUARY 1999:31-37
[33]Sandor Halasz,Ahmed Abdalla M.Hassan,Bui Tin Huu.Optimal Control of Three-Level PWM Inverters.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,44 NO.1,FEBRUARY 1997:96-105
[34]Josep Pou,Dushan Boroyevich,Rafael Pado.New Feedforward Space-Vector PWM Method to Obtain Balanced AC Output Voltages in a Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Converter.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49 NO.5,OCTOBER 2002:1026-1034
[35]Sidney R.Bowes,Yen-Shin Lai.Relationship Between Space-Vector Modulation and Regular-Sampled PWM.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIALELE CTRONICS.VOL,44.NO.5,OCTOBER 1997:670-678
[36]Mario Marchesoni,Pierluigi Tenca.Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converters:A Practicable Way to Balance DC-Link Voltages.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUS -TRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49.NO.4.AUGUST 2002,752-765
[37-]潘虹.复合级联多电平变换器拓扑及控制方法研究.[硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2004
[38]Miguel F.Esecalante,Jean-Claude Vannier,Amir Arzande.Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverters and DTC Motor Drive Applications.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49.NO.4.AUGUST 2002,809-815
[39]C K.Lee,S.Y.Ron Hui,Henry Shu-Hung Chung.A 31-Level Cascade Inverter for Power Applications.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS.VOL,49.NO.3.JUNE 2002,613-616
[40]Gopalarathnam T,Manjrekar M D,Steimer P K.Investigations on Unified Controller for a Practical Hybrid Multi-level Power Converter.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 2002.2002(2):1024-1030.
[41]Corzine K,Familiant Y.A New Cascaded Multilevel H-bridge Drive [J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics 2002,17(1):125-131.
[42]Manjrekar M D,Steimer P K,Lipo T A.Hybrid Multilevel Power Conversion System:A Competitive Solution for High-power Applications[J].IEEE Trans.on Indus.Appl,2000,36(3):834-841.
[43]Manjrekar M D,Lipo T A.A Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Topology for Drive Application[A].IEEE APEC'98[C],1998:523-529
[44]刘文华,陈远华,张新成等.混合七电平逆变器的变频凋速PWM控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(11):58-63.
[45]刘文华,陈远华,宋强,李建国.基于混合七电平电压型逆变器的新型6kV变频器[J].中国电力,2005,8:10-14.
[46]刘子建,桂武呜.混合级联型多电平逆变器的研究.电气传动自动化,2006.8:16-19
[47]丁凯,邹云屏,蔡政英等.一种新型的单相不对称5电平逆变器[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(11),116-120.
[48]丁凯,邹云屏,吴智超,金红元,刘飞等.新型三相混合不对称九电平逆变器研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,6(11):35-41
[49]刘凤君.几种优化混合式串联多电平逆变器.逆变电源,2006,5:19-25
[50]张皓,续明进,杨梅.高压大功率交流变频调速技术.北京.机械工业出版社,2006,7