摘要
试验以“桂淮2号”淮山药为供试品种,研究不同的植物生长调节剂对南方地区淮山药生长及品质的影响,以探索有效的植物生长调节剂种类及浓度。2006年选用6种植物生长调节剂进行筛选试验,根据产量构成及植株长势情况筛选出矮壮素(CCC)与羟季铵·萘合剂(氯化胆碱CC+萘乙酸NAA)于2007年进行复试。主要的试验结果如下:
1、喷施矮壮素能协调淮山药生长中后期的叶片营养。植物生长延缓剂CCC和CC+NAA在较低浓度时对淮山药叶片全N含量影响不大,而增加浓度却可以保持叶片生长后期具有较高的N含量,延缓叶片衰老。喷施CCC 2250mg/L提高了淮山药薯块膨大中期叶片P含量,并减缓薯块膨大中后期叶片K含量的下降。
2、喷施矮壮素能有效改善淮山药生长中后期叶片的光合作用。喷施CCC 2250mg/L能延缓叶片叶绿素含量的下降幅度,提高淮山药叶片的气孔导度、蒸腾速率,显著提高净光合速率,加速淮山药薯块干物质的合成和积累,从而提高薯块产量。
3、喷施矮壮素促进了淀粉的分解转化。喷施CCC 2250mg/L能显著提高叶片淀粉酶活性,有利于光合碳水化合物从源(叶片)向库(薯块)转移。喷施CCC 1750mg/L、2250mg/L及羟季铵·萘合剂(CC 225mg/L+NAA 20mg/L)均可提高淮山药薯块膨大末期鲜薯ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性,有利于鲜薯淀粉合成及产量提高。
4、喷施矮壮素能改善或提高淮山药的产量和品质指标。喷施CCC2250mg/L淮山药产量达到33255.15kg/ha,比对照及仅喷0.15%KH_2PO_4处理增幅分别为15.20%和13.22%。结薯比例最好,结单薯、双薯比例总和达到94.66%。薯块平均长度61.1cm,表明喷施CCC对薯块的伸长生长有一定的作用。
喷施CCC 2250mg/L有利于提高淮山药鲜薯的干物质含量与产量,增加淮山药薯块干样的水溶性浸出物和醇溶性浸出物含量,促进了淮山药淀粉含量的提高,并同时能维持较高的蛋白质含量,而对可溶性总糖食用品质影响不显著,从而保证了其具有良好的食用品质和风味。
因此,在本试验条件下,喷施CCC 2250mg/L有利于淮山药的中后期生长及薯块产量、品质的提高。
This study was carried out to research on effect of different plant growth regulators on growth and quality of yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)from south China and to look for effective concentration and category of plant growth regulators.Yam variety,Guihuai No.2,was used in this study.In 2006,6 kinds of plant growth regulators were adopted as samples for experiments. Based on the yield and growth state of plants,chlormequat chloride(CCC)and CC(choline chloride)+NAA(naphthalene acetic acid)were picked out for studying on their effect on growth state and quality of yam.The results showed as follows.
1.To spray chlormequat chloride could coordinate nutrition of yam leaves in the middle-late period of tuber growth.To spray the low concentration of chlormequat chloride and CC+NAA could hardly influence on N content of yam leaves.However,to increase concentration of CCC and CC+NAA used to treat yam could maintain high level of N content of leaves in the late period of leaf growth so as to delay aging of leaves.If yam was sprayed with chlormequat chloride which concentration was 2,250mg/L,P content of leaves would be enhanced and decrease of K content of leaves would slow down in the late period.
2.To spray chlormequat chloride could effectively improve photosynthesis of yam in the middle-late period.To spray chlormequat chloride(2,250mg/L)could delay decrease of chlorophyll content of leaves, raise significantly net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of leaves,speed up synthesis and accumulation of dry matter so that the yield of yam could be raised.
3.To spray chlormequat chloride could promote decomposition and conversion of yam starch.To spray chlormequat chloride(2,250mg/L)could raise significantly amylase activity of leaves and be helpful for transport of storage substance from source to bank.To spray chlormequat chloride which concentration was 1,750mg/L or 2,250mg/L or CC 225mg/L+ NAA 20mg/L respectively could raise ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity of yam in the late period of tuber growth and benefit for starch synthesis and raise the yield of starch.
4.To spray chlormequat chloride could raise the yield and improve the yield component.If the yam was sprayed with chlormequat chloride(2,250mg/L),yield of tuber per ha would reach 33,255.15kg,which was higher 15.20%and 13.22%than yield of CK and yam sprayed only with KH_2PO_4(0.15%)respectively.Yam grew tubers in the optimal proportion and 94.66%yam grew a tuber or two only.The average length of tuber was 61.1cm,which showed that to spray chlormequat chloride could promote growth and extension of tuber.
To spray chlormequat chloride(2,250mg/L)was helpful for raising dry matter content,yield of fresh yam,content of water-soluble extracts and alcohol-soluble extractive,and wouldn't affect significantly on edible quality of soluble total sugar at the same time.That could also promote elevation of starch content in yam and maintain high content of protein as raising yield and starch content of yam so as to pledge that yam possessed good edible quality and flavor.
Therefore,to spray chlormequat chloride(2,250mg/L)would be helpful for growth of yam from south China in the middle-late period and elevating quality of tuber under this experimental condition.
引文
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