摘要
运动员灵敏素质是运动员最重要的运动素质之一,特别是对球类运动项目而言,灵敏性可称得上是球类运动技能的灵魂。本文结合国内外专家学者对灵敏素质研究的现状,以运动灵敏素质为研究对象；以我国优秀沙滩排球运动员为测试对象；采用文献资料法、访谈法、测试法和数理统计法等方法；从对灵敏素质的概念、分类、结构、特征、影响因素和训练原则等一般理论研究为切入点；较为系统的阐述了运动灵敏素质的基本理论,并对我国优秀沙滩排球运动员灵敏素质影响因素的结构模型进行了初步探索。得出主要结论如下：
1、根据逻辑学定义和分类的规则与方法将灵敏素质定义为：处在运动场景中的肢体感受刺激并根据需要迅速改变方向和或变换动作的能力。将灵敏素质分为：预判决策能力、变换动作能力和改变方向能力三个方面。灵敏素质的特征：“快”、“变”是灵敏素质的本质特征；灵敏素质的特征还有鲜明的项目特征、阶段性发展特征、较高的遗传性和可塑性特征、动作要求的规范性和准确性特征。
2、我国优秀沙滩排球运动员预判决策能力受速度知觉的影响；改变方向能力的影响因素包括：左脚跳远、右脚跳远、助跑摸高、腹背肌肌力、柔韧、制动能力、加速能力、30米成绩和形态；变换动作能力的影响因素包括：左脚跳远、右脚跳远、助跑摸高、腹肌、起动能力、制动能力和30米成绩。
3、我国优秀排球运动员改变方向能力的回归模型：Y=5.716-0.999×左脚跳远+0.316×背肌+0.952×30米成绩,方程方差解释力为59.9%；变换动作能力的回归模型：Y=5.506+0.567×30米成绩+1.066×起动时间,方程方差解释力为19.2%。
4、分别用百分位数法和累进积分法给出了我国优秀沙滩排球运动员预判决策能力、改变方向能力和变换动作能力的评分标准；并给出灵敏素质综合评价模型：Y=0.413×观察判断能力得分+0.306×变换动作能力得分+0.281×改变方向能力得分。
Agility is one of the most important physical qualities in sports, especially for the players who play with a ball. Agility is the key of their technology to some extent. According to the studies of agility from both internal and external experts, the paper studies the agility, and more than ninety excellent beach volleyball players in China had been selected for testing. By means of documentary, questionnaire, testing and statistics methods, the study discussed the definition, classification, structure, characters, influencing factors, training principles of agility as a starting point. The article made a systematical expatiation on the basic theory of agility, and the article also made a preliminary study into the influencing factors'structural equation modeling of agility, taking the Chinese beach volleyball players as an example. This paper came to the following main conclusions:
1. According to the methods and principle of definition in logic, we defined sport agility as following, in the sports scene, the people experience stimulus and respond to the suimulus by changing direction and/or body movement to adapt the circumstance as needed.
According to the methods and principle of classification in logic, we divided agility intl the following three categories, anticipate and decision making ability,changing direction ability and changing body movement ability.
Characters of Agility, quickness and changing were the essential characteristics of agility, and agility also had the following basic features, distinct project features, staggered growth features, highly heritable and changeable features, accurate and standard technique features.
2. Anticipate and decision making ability of Chinese beach volleyball player was related to speed perception. Changing direction ability was influenced by distance of single leg jump (both the right and left), height of run-up vertical jumping, strength of both abdominal and dorsal, length of trunk bending forward, braking and starting ability, time of30m run, height and weight of body. Changing body movement ability was influenced by single leg jump (both the right and left), height of run-up vertical jumping, strength of both abdominal, braking and starting ability and time of30m run.
3. The liner regression equation of changing direction ability which has been verified by the excellent beach volleyball players in China is Y=5.716-0.999X distance of the left foot jump+0.316X strength of dorsal+0.952c×time of30m run, which can explain59.9%common variance of changing direction ability. The liner regression equation of changing movement ability which has been verified by the excellent beach volleyball players in China is Y=5.506+0.567X time of30m run+1.066Xstarting ability, which can only explain19.2%the common variance of changing movement ability.
4. By using the method of percentiles or progressive scoring the paper provides the evaluation criterions of anticipate and decision making ability, changing direction ability and changing body action ability respectively for the beach volleyball players in China. The study also gives the comprehensive estimation for agility as following: Y=0.413×score of anticipate and decision making ability+0.306×score of changing direction ability+0.281X score of changing movement ability.
引文
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