摘要
本文采用理论分析、试验研究和数值仿真三者相结合的方法重点开展了刚性弹体对混凝土靶、钢筋混凝土靶的垂直侵彻机理以及对混凝土靶的斜侵彻和正、斜贯穿机理的研究。
本文的主要研究内容及结论包括：
1)对刚性弹体垂直侵彻半无限厚混凝土靶进行了研究。假设混凝土靶粉碎(塑性)区介质的破坏服从Griffith强度理论,建立了基于Griffith强度理论的静态和动态空腔膨胀模型,从而发展了弹体垂直侵彻混凝土靶的理论模型,并通过已有的试验进行了验证；开展了动能弹垂直侵彻混凝土靶的试验研究；以试验为基础,建立了相应的仿真模型；试验和仿真两者相结合验证了基于Griffith强度理论的侵彻模型的可靠性。
2)对刚性弹体垂直侵彻半无限厚钢筋混凝土靶进行了研究。分析了试验后钢筋的破坏特征,将其破坏简化为弯曲+剪切断裂和弯曲+端部拉伸断裂这两种结构响应模式,并采用梁断裂失效理论就弹体从配筋网眼中心穿过时,钢筋对弹体的直接阻力进行了分析；结合基于Griffith强度理论的、侵彻混凝土介质的阻力模型,建立了刚性弹体垂直侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的差分计算模型,并通过已有的试验进行了验证；开展了动能弹垂直侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的试验研究,将获取的侵彻深度、侵彻速度、侵彻过载时间历程曲线与理论计算进行了对比,结果表明：钢筋只对弹体的侵彻过程产生局部影响,混凝土介质的抗侵彻阻力仍是钢筋混凝土介质抗侵彻阻力的主要组成部分。
3)对刚性弹体斜侵彻半无限厚混凝土靶进行了研究。提出了以弹体的姿态和假想水平面的几何关系为基础,对不同时刻弹体实际受力表面的范围进行判断的方法,拓展了弹体受力表面的等分方法,从而将弹体受力表面离散成一系列的微元面,并给出了受力微元面的起始点的轴向、环向坐标分量的累加范围,根据弹体的姿态和靶板水平面的几何关系,得到了球心至球体弹性区外表面(靶板水平面)的尺度的计算方法,给出了受靶板自由表面(靶板水平面)影响的受力微元面的起始点的轴向和环向坐标分量的取值范围,从而引入有限球体空腔膨胀理论,得到了作用在弹体受力微元面上的修正法向应力的计算方法,将弹体受力表面复杂的阻力、阻力矩积分过程转化为受力微元面的阻力、阻力矩的累加求和,并结合以时间为增量的平面运动差分方程,建立了适用于工程计算的、弹体(半球头弹和卵形弹)斜侵彻混凝土靶的差分计算模型；开展了动能弹斜侵彻混凝土靶的试验研究,验证了理论模型的可靠性。
4)对刚性弹体贯穿有限厚混凝土靶进行了研究。在任意头形弹侵彻阻力的基础上,引入有限球体空腔膨胀理论,建立了任意头形弹修正侵彻阻力的计算方法,在修正弹道极限速度法和基于有限球体空腔膨胀理论的受力面积缩减法的基础上,建立了弹体垂直贯穿混凝土靶的差分计算模型；根据弹体的姿态和靶板两自由表面(靶板水平面和背表面)的几何关系,给出了球心至球体弹性区外表面(靶板两自由表面)的尺度的计算方法,从而引入有限球体空腔膨胀理论,得到了作用在弹体受力微元面上的修正法向应力的计算方法,以弹体垂直贯穿靶板的受力面积缩减法为基础,给出了其斜贯穿靶板时的受力面积缩减法,并结合弹体斜侵彻过程的差分计算模型,建立了刚性弹体(半球头弹和卵形弹)斜贯穿混凝土靶的差分计算模型；构建了动能弹斜贯穿混凝土靶的多组有限元模型,理论计算和仿真结果吻合得较好。
In this dissertation, the normal penetration of rigid projectile into the concrete target and reinforced concrete target, the oblique penetration, normal and oblique perforation of rigid projectile into the concrete target were studied by using the analytical model, experimental research and numerical simulation.
The primal contents and conclusion in this dissertation are as follows:
1) The process of normal penetration of the rigid projectile into the semi-infinite thick concrete target was studied. The concrete material in the comminuted region (plastic region) was supposed to be described by the Griffith strength theory. On the basis of the Griffith strength theory, the corresponding static and dynamic cavity expansion models were established. Based on the dynamic cavity expansion theory, the analytical model of normal penetration of a rigid projectile into a concrete target was developed. The validation of this analytical model was done through a comparison of results from the analytical model with the experimental results published in the literature. The normal penetration experiments into the concrete targets were conducted with the kinetic projectiles. The corresponding finite element simulation models were also constructed. The predictions from the analytical model which was based on the Griffith strength theory are in agreement with the results form experiments and simulations.
2) The process of normal penetration of the rigid projectile into the semi-infinite thick reinforced concrete target was studied. The post-test failure characters of the steel bars were analyzed. Two structure response models:bending plus shearing failure and bending plus end tension fracture were used to simplify the failure models of the steel bars. On the basis of the failure theory of beam, the direct resistance of steel bar for the process of the projectile passes through the middle of the reinforcement was analyzed. The difference computational model for normal penetration into the reinforced concrete target was developed based the normal penetration resistance model for the concrete material which was supposed to be described by the Griffith strength theory. The validation of this computational model was done through a comparison of results from the computational model with the experimental results published in the literature. The normal penetration experiments into the reinforced concrete targets were conducted with the kinetic projectiles. The predictions from the analytical model were compared with the post-test penetration depth-time history, penetration velocity-time history and penetration deceleration-time history. Comparative results show that the influence of steel bar is local for the penetration process. The penetration resistance of concrete material is the main component of the penetration resistance of the reinforced concrete medium.
3) The process of oblique penetration of the rigid projectile into the semi-infinite thick concrete target was studied. Based on the geometric relation between the projectile attitude and the fictitious horizontal plane, the actual dimension of the projectile stress surface at different time was analyzed. The projectile stress surface was partitioned into a series of element sides by using the method which was developed from the equal division method for the projectile stress surface. With this method, the accumulating ranges of the axial and circumferential coordinate of the starting points of the element sides were obtained. The analytical model of the distance from the spherical centre to the elastic region superficies externals of the finite sphere (the horizontal plane of the target) was developed based on the geometry relation between the projectile attitude and the horizontal plane of the target. The value ranges of the axial and circumferential coordinate of the starting points of the element sides which were affected by the free surface of the target (the horizontal plane of the target) were obtained. The analytical model of the modified radial Cauchy stress component over the element side of the projectile stress surface was derived by introducing the finite spherical cavity expansion theory. The transformation method for the integral models of the resistance and resistance torque over the projectile stress surface and the accumulation models of the resistance and resistance moment over the element sides was analyzed. On the basis of the planar motion difference equation using the time as increment, the difference engineering computational model for the oblique penetration into the concrete target with the projectile (hemi-spherical nose projectile and ogive-nose projectile) was developed. The experiments of oblique penetration of the kinetic projectiles into the concrete targets were conducted. The predictions from the difference engineering computational model are in agreement with the results from experiments.
4) The perforation process of the rigid projectile into the finite thick concrete target was studied. Based on the penetration resistance theory for arbitrary nosed projectile, the analytical model of penetration resistance was developed by introducing the finite spherical cavity expansion theory. The difference computational models for the normal perforation process were developed based on the modified ballistic limit velocity theory and the analytical model of reducing stress surface which was based on the finite spherical cavity expansion theory. The analytical model of the distance from the spherical centre to the elastic region superficies externals of the finite sphere (the two free surfaces of the target) was developed based on the geometry relation between the projectile attitude and the two free surfaces of the target (the horizontal plane and rear surface of the target). The computational model of the modified radial Cauchy stress component over the element side of the projectile stress surface was also derived by introducing the finite spherical cavity expansion theory. The analytical model of the reducing stress surface for the oblique perforation concrete target with projectile was developed based on the reducing stress surface model for the normal perforation process. On the basis of the difference computational model for oblique penetration process, the difference computational model for the oblique perforation of concrete target by the projectile (hemi-spherical nose projectile and ogive-nose projectile) was developed. Multi-group finite element models of the concrete targets subjected to projectiles perforation at different oblique angles were constructed. The predictions from the difference computational model for the oblique perforation process are in agreement with the results from simulations.
引文
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