摘要
性能化的防火设计方法是20世纪80年代中期由英国和日本首先提出的。到目前为止,性能化的防火设计方法在国际上已受到了广泛的关注,其中英国、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、芬兰、新西兰、美国等国在这一领域发展比较迅速。“性能化设计”源于英文词汇"perfomance-based design",它是以某一(或某些)安全目标为设计目标,基于综合安全性能分析和评估的一种工程方法。性能化的防火设计是建立在火灾科学和消防工程学基础之上的。
性能化设计是综合的设计。应该综合考虑各个防火子系统在整个设计方案中的作用,而不是将各个子系统单纯地叠加。要了解探测报警、灭火、疏散、防排烟、被动防火措施、救援等子系统的性能,再针对可能发生的火灾特性,具体实现各子系统的性能。最后用工程学的方法对发生火灾时的火灾特性进行预测,并判断其结果是否与所规定的安全目标相一致。
基于本建筑的特殊性及其功能需要,本建筑的设计无法完全采用有关的建筑规范设计法,而必须采用以性能化为基础的消防性能化分析设计。采用以性能化为基础的消防工程设计所制定的解决方案能更好的满足特定建筑物的消防要求。采用这种方法能够节约投资、提高建筑物使用的灵活性、同时还能达到较高的消防水平。
British and Japanese initially proposed high performance fire protection in the middle of 1980s. So far, high performance fire protection has gained wide attention in the world, among which rapid development of this field has been undertaking in Britain, Japan, Australia, Canada, Finland, New Zealand and America. High performance fire protection is sourced from performance-base design, which aims to safety design and is based on comprehensive safety performance analysis and evaluation. High performance fire protection is based on fire safety science and fire safety engineering.
Performance based design is comprehensive design, which shall take overall consideration of the functions of each fire protection subsystems in the overall design proposal instead of simply added all subsystems,and also shall grasp the performances of each subsystems including detecting alarming and fire extinguishing, evacuation, smoke control and passive fire prevention and rescue systems together with the characteristics of possible fire to achieve the performance of each subsystem specifically. Finally, it is necessary to predict the characteristics of the fire by means of fire engineering science when it happens and estimate its result whether is in consistence with safety objective.
Taking account of specific characteristic and its function necessity of this structure, the design of this structure can not adopt relevant architectural design codes while it must be analyzed and designed on basis of performance based design, of which the programmed fire protection design can meet the requirement of fire prevention of specific structures and also has the features of economizing investment and improving the flexibility of using this structure as well as can achieve higher level of fire protection.
引文
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