摘要
海洋战争中，随着舰船防护机构逐步完善，反舰武器的毁伤破坏能力受到挑战。反舰导弹作为反舰武器代表，其研制发展受到各方关注。战斗部是反舰导弹的直接杀伤单元，本文选择串联战斗部方案，战斗部前级选用环形装药结构，后级选用半穿甲战斗部，旨在提高反舰战斗部毁伤能力。
根据环形装药结构特点，分析并总结了影响环形侵彻体成型稳定性的主要因素，设计了截面呈弧-锥形的变壁厚环形药型罩，对该结构成型过程进行了仿真。通过仿真对比，验证了壁厚变化的设计合理性，突出了弧-锥形截面环形药型罩的优越性。讨论了药型罩曲率半径、锥角、罩顶厚度等因素对环形侵彻体性能的影响。利用灰关联分析方法，通过多因素分析，找出了各因素分别对环形侵彻体稳定性和毁伤能力的关联程度。
根据舰船结构特点，将舰船目标等效成多层间隔薄靶。对串联战斗部前级侵彻靶板过程进行了仿真，验证了环形侵彻体的长距离飞行稳定性，体现了侵彻体在切割孔径方面的优势。设计不同头部形状后级弹丸，建立了后级半穿甲战斗部在不同速度下对多层间隔靶板的侵彻模型。详细研究了弹丸侵彻靶板过程，分析了弹丸速度和加速度的变化特征。以弹丸侵彻过程承受过载、弹丸飞行姿态、剩余速度等作为参考依据，对比得出了各头部形状弹丸的性能优劣。
本文研究了反舰战斗部的发展状况，提出了反舰串联战斗部的设计方案，完成了战斗部侵彻目标的仿真研究，为反舰技术的进一步研究提供了参考和借鉴。
In naval battles, with the gradually improvement of the ship defensive structure, thedamage capability of the anti-ship weapons is being challenged. As the representative of theanti-ship weapons, the development of anti-ship missile gets widely attention. The anti-shipmissile warhead is the direct kill unit, in order to raise its damage capability, the present paperselect the scheme of tandem warhead. In the scheme, the front charge is annular shapedcharge, and the follow-through charge select semi-armor-piercing warhead.
Combine with the characteristics of annular shaped charge, the primary factors whichhave influence on the mold stability of the annular penetrator are analyzed and summarized.The annular liner with variation thickness which presents arc-cone shape on its cross sectionis designed, and the formation of annular EFP is simulated based on the non-linear finiteelement software. Through simulation comparison, the rationality for design of variationthickness is verified, and the superiority of the annular liner which presents arc-cone shape onits cross section is manifested. Then the factors which influence on performance of annularpenetrator such as curvature radius, cone angle, top thickness of liner, height of charge andthickness of shell is discussed. Base on grey relation analysis theory, the correlation degreebetween the influencing factors and the stability of annular penetrator, factors and thepenetration performance of penetrator is obtained by multilevel discrimination analyzing.
According to the structure characteristics, the ship can be equivalent to thin multi-layeredspaced targets. The simulating process of the front charge penetrate target prove that theannular penetrator is able to fly steadily in long distance, and it has advantage at the aspect ofpenetrating aperture. Through establishing projectiles with different nose shape, the model offollow-through charge penetrate multi-layered spaced targets in different velocity isestablished. At the same time, Mutative feature of projectile velocity and acceleration isanalyzed through detailed researching the process of penetrating. Take overload of projectile,attitude of flight and remaining velocity as reference, the performance contrast on differentnose shape can be obtain.
The development condition of anti-ship warhead is firstly researched. The research proposes the design scheme of anti-ship tandem warhead and finishes the penetratingsimulation. The results of this study can provide reference to the research work for anti-shiptechnique.
引文
[1]李静海,庄彦.舰舰导弹战斗部发展研究[J].舰载武器,2002,3:14-17.
[2]吴荣宝.航母的舰体结构[J].现代舰船,2009,4:48-51.
[3]朱锡,吴梵.舰艇强度[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[4]严卫生.鱼雷航行力学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005.
[5]张玲翔,徐逸梅.反舰导弹[J].飞航导弹,1992,1:1-3.
[6]应国淼,倪震明.常规反舰导弹战斗部的现状及发展[J].综述,2006,4:14-17.
[7]刘丽丽.反舰导弹攻击模式探讨[J].上海航天,1999,3:43-47.
[8]任义广.信息质量对反舰导弹作战效果影响的分析方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[9] Paul M. The effect of quality and timeliness of targeting information on submarineemployment of long range anti-ship cruise missiles[D]. Naval Postgraduate School:2005.
[10]孔祥韶.大型水面舰船舷侧防护结构内爆的数值模拟研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.
[11]李杰.航空母舰的克星[J].太空探索,2001,6:18-19.
[12]王凤斌,王春峰,曹功绪等.印俄联合研制的布拉莫斯导弹[J].飞航导弹,2009,4:3-6.
[13]龚子心.反舰导弹的发展现状[J].中国航天,1997,1:37-42.
[14]周天胜.串联聚能装药战斗部技术综述[J].弹箭制导学报,1997,1:61-65.
[15]涂侯杰,恽寿榕,赵衡阳.破爆型串联战斗部第一级爆炸对第二级影响的研究[J].兵工学报,1994,3:18-22.
[16]张先锋,陈惠武.破爆型串联战斗部前级对后级影响数值模拟[J].弹箭制导学报，2006,26(2):66-68.
[17]左振英.串联战斗部串联技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2006.
[18]郝佳,侯秀成,陈智刚.串联聚能射流的数值模拟与实验研究[J].弹箭制导报,2010,30(3): 75-79.
[19]胡焕性.聚能串联战斗部装药设计中延时间隔时间的选择[J].火炸药学报,2003,26(1):1-4.
[20]梁秀清,曾凡君.串联战斗部的主装药起爆延时计算[J].兵工学报,1994,3:90-93.
[21]郎明君,徐学华.多级串联聚能装药隔爆时间的计算与测试[J] .南京理工大学学报,2002,26(6):625-627.
[22]张彤,阳世清,徐松林.串联战斗部的技术特点及发展趋势[J].飞航导弹,2006,10:50-54.
[23]齐振伟.反机场跑道串联随进弹终点效应的实验研究与数值模拟[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2007.
[24]朱丽华.串联战斗部的演变和发展[J].现代军事,1992,16(4):27-30.
[25]王成,恽寿榕,黄风雷.同口径破-破型串联装药战斗部的试验研究[J].弹箭制导学报,2002,22(2):31-34.
[26] M C Chick. Bussell T J. Development of a coolie-cutter explosively formed projectile,17th ISB[C].1998, 167-174.
[27] Meister J, Haller F. Experimental and numerical studies of annular projectile charges, 19thISB [C]. 2001, 575-581.
[28] F.J. Mostert. The design and formation of annular EFP’s,19th ISB [C]. 2001,749-754.
[29]吴成,曾艳春,张向荣,张渝霞,史京住.环形聚能药型罩的设计新方法与实验[J].北京理工大学学报,2007,27(4): 291-294.
[30]李立伟,李翔宇.聚能装药圆形切割器的数值模拟和分析设计[J].试验技术和试验机,2006, 3:12-14.
[31]李鹏飞,肖川,王利侠.环形EFP的形成和侵彻效应[J].火炸药学报,2008,31(3):6-9.
[32]黄群涛,李铁鹏,钱建平,申屠德忠.环形EFP成型及侵彻过程的数值模拟[J].火炸药学报,2009, 32(5) :50-54.
[33]李永胜,王伟力,姜涛.一种用于反舰导弹串联战斗部的环形切割器优化设计[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2009, 24(5):481-484.
[34]李永胜,王伟力,田传勇.环形切割器药型罩方案优化设计[J].弹箭制导学报,2011,31(4) :118-120.
[35]王杰德,杨永谦等.船体强度与结构设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995.
[36]徐双喜.大型水面舰船舷侧复合多层防护结构研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010.
[37] Thomas H, Jesse T Waddell. Multi-mission payload system .USP 0223930, 2005.
[38]苟瑞君.线性爆炸成型侵彻体形成机理研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2006.
[39]王成,宁建国,卢捷.环形射流形成及侵彻的数值方法研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):316- 321.
[40]李忠星,王少龙,徐明利.半穿甲弹侵彻过程中壳体强度的数值分析[J].弹箭制导学报,2003,29(4):109-112.
[41]梅志远,朱锡,张振中.舰船装甲防护的研究与进展[J].武汉造船,2000,5:5-12.
[42]朱建方,王伟力,曾亮.反舰导弹动能穿甲效应中倾角的影响[J].弹箭制导学报,2009,29(5) :129-133.
[43]应国淼,王国庆.半穿甲战斗部装药安定性分析[J].四川兵工学报,2009,30(5):66-68.
[44]温万治,恽寿榕,江松.弹头部形状对侵彻影响的数值模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(2):140-146.
[45] XYZ Scientific Applications, Inc. TrueGrid Output Manual. Ver. 2.1.0[M].USA: Teaness-ee. 2001.
[46]时党勇,李裕春,张胜民.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA 8.1进行显式动力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[47] LSTC.LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual. Ver. 970[M].USA: Livermore SoftwareTechnology Corporation, Livermore.2003.
[48] Molinari, J. F. Finite element simulation of shaped charges [J]. Finite Elements inAnalysis and Design, 2002, 38: 921- 936.
[49] R.CORNISH, J.T.MILLS, J.P.CURTIS. Degradation Mechanisms in Shaped Charge JetPenetration[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2001, 26 :105-114.
[50]刘思峰,谢乃明等.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[51]曹建新,董文洪,任建广等.灰色综合关联分析法的空空导弹武器系统作战效能评估[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2008,23(2):8-11.
[52]杜辉,王春健.基于灰色关联法的鱼雷作战效能评估[J].船舶电子工程,2007,27(6):173-175.
[53]林加剑,任辉启,沈兆武等.应用灰色系统理论研究爆炸成型弹丸速度的影响因素[J]. 弹箭制导学报,2009,29(3):112- 116.
[54]尹建平,付璐,王志军等.药型罩参数对EFP成型性能影响的灰关联分析[J].解放军理工大学学报,2011,13(1):101-105.
[55]董永香,冯顺山,段相杰.弹丸斜侵彻多层金属间隔靶特性研究[J].中北大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(3):221-226.
[56]蔡金志.舰船舷侧防护结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的破坏研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[57] LSTC.AUTODYN(Version6.1)用户手册[M]
[58] LU Xiao-chun, ZHANG Yong-xing, DING Jin-feng. Experimental Investigation ofDynamic Facture Toughness of 35CrMnSiA Steel[J]. Journal of University(NSEE),2003,16(4):363-366.
[59]龙源,岳小兵,周翔等.高速钢弹对多层大间隔金属靶的侵彻特性研究[J].南京理工大学学报,2004,28(4):369-374.
[60]李国杰,冯顺山,曹红松等.小型侵爆战斗部毁伤多层靶板威力分析与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(20):4634- 4638.