摘要
在量子光学领域中，光场与原子相互作用系统的量子特性研究一直吸引着人们的关注。研究光场与原子相互作用的规律及其非经典效应是量子光学的重要内容。本文主要运用全量子理论和数值计算方法研究了初始处于纠缠态的两全同二能级原子与相干态及猫态光场相互作用过程中光场的压缩特性。着重讨论了光场压缩对两原子纠缠度的依赖关系。结果表明：在相干态光场下，光场压缩与纠缠度有很强的关联。在某一特定时刻，对于特定的光子数而言，在任意纠缠态下，光场可以完全被压缩。在猫态光场下可得到相似的结论，只是对很小范围内的光子数光场才会出现明显的压缩。
本文首先回顾了量子光学的发展历史，着重指出了量子光学的三个显著特征，即相干性、非线性和量子性，然后讨论了量子纠缠方面的内容，包括纠缠态的概念及其度量——纠缠度等，最后阐述了原子与光场相互作用的理论模型J-C模型；第二章介绍了相干态和猫态的概念及性质；第三章的内容是两纠缠原子与光场相互作用过程中光场的压缩效应。先研究了两纠缠原子与相干态光场作用过程中光场压缩随时间的演化关系和对纠缠度的依赖关系，接着又研究了两纠缠原子与猫态光场作用过程中光场压缩对两原子之间纠缠度的变化关系。最后得出了重要结论，光场压缩与两原子纠缠度有很强的关联。
最后对全文进行了总结，指出本工作的意义。
In the quantum optics field, the study of the quantum properties of the field interacting with the atom has been always devoted to considerable attention. It is one of the most important contents for the quantum optics to study on the dynamics and non-classical properties of the interaction between the field and the atomic system in the Jaynes-Cummings model. In this dissertation, the squeezing properties in the system of the coherent optical field and Schrodinger cat (S-cat) states interacting with two identical two-level atoms are studied respectively via time evolution operator and numerical methods. The results indicate that the squeezing properties of the optical field in the coherent state and S-cat states depend on the degree of entanglement of two identical atoms. At certain particular time, for some special numbers of photons, optical field can be squeezed entirely in any entangled state of the two atoms. In some cases, the optical fields can not be squeezed.
This dissertation is organized as follows. In chapter one, firstly we review the development of quantum optics, pointing out three features of quantum optics: coherence, nonlinearity, and quantity, next something of quantum entanglement is discussed, including the conception of entangled state and definition of the degree of the entanglement, at last, the J-C model of the interaction between the atoms and the optical fields. In chapter two, we introduce the concepts and properties of coherent state and Shrodinger-cat state. In chapter three, we study the relation between the degree of entanglement of two entangled atoms and the squeezing produced by coherent state and Shrodinger-cat state interacting with two entangled atoms, in addition, the time evolution of the squeezing of coherent field interacting with two two-level entangled atoms, is discussed. And we draw a conclusion that the squeezing of two optical fields is very dependent on the degree of entanglement. Finally, we provide this paper with a simpl
e summary.
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