摘要
本文论述了在“武汉市混合动力电动城市公交大客车”项目中处于关键地位的混合动力系统的概念设计、数学建模和仿真分析过程及结果。
首先，通过对混合动力系统工作原理的分析，选择应用于城市客车的串联混合动力系统作为研究对象。根据国内外技术现状及发展趋势，对动力系统各个部件进行了型式研究，并进行了概念设计，初步确定了部件的参数，提出了两套动力系统匹配方案。
然后，在充分研究文献已有模型的基础上，提出了混合动力系统各组成部件的建模方法，并在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立了适合于ADVISOR平台运行的仿真模型，从而保证了模型的实用性和可靠性。在仿真输入过程中，着重解决了发动机、电动机的实验数据到模型数据的转换输入和各项仿真设置问题，从而提高了仿真精度。
本文对正在试制的样车和构思中的动力系统提出了一套仿真方案。按照这套方案进行的仿真分析，不仅评价了两种控制策略(“恒温器控制模式”和“发动机跟踪器控制模式”)的优劣，而且提供了串联混合动力系统各部件的运行特点，得到了与样车动力性能和燃油经济性较为接近的虚拟样车解决方案，同时也验证了试制样车动力系统匹配方案的合理性。
最后，以最优的虚拟样车模型为基准，按递增顺序全面模拟了关键参数对整车燃油经济性的影响。仿真结果表明：串联HEB相对同类内燃机动力客车可以节油30%左右，而且动力性能不会降低。这为串联式混合动力大客车的优化设计提供了决策依据，具有很强的应用价值。
The key to the program of hybrid electric bus to achieve the goal is to find the matching drivetrain. In this paper, the percept design, mathematics modeling, simulation analysis and results of the series hybrid drivetrain were described in detail.
Firstly, based on the theory of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), the series hybrid drivetrain is selected as the modeling object because it is especially adaptive to the city bus transportation. To find suitable components of the drivetrain, modern and future technologies of HEV were employed. The size of drivetrain components is approximately computed on the basis of the prototype of hybrid electric bus (HEB). And then, two solutions to the drivetrain were proposed.
Secondly, the methodology and modeling issues of the drivetrain components were described by making reference to the model presented in some paper. Based on Matlab/Simulink modeling environment, the primary components are modularized and can run in the ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator), a MATLAB simulation program developed by the U. S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab. These ensure the utility and reliability of the model. During the simulation input step, the input of engine map and motor efficiency map are very difficult, so their solutions were given great emphasis. To improve the precision of the simulation, the advanced options of the ADVISOR(such as Grade test and Acceleration Test) were newly set up.
In the next place, a simulate scheme is presented to simulate the HEB prototype and virtual drivetrain solutions. According to the scheme, the simulation analysis not only evaluates two hybrid control strategies ("Thermostat Control Strategy" and "power follower control strategy "), but also supplies the operation characteristic of the series hybrid drivetrain. These help to decide the final virtual drivetrain solution that its performance is approximately the same as the HEB prototype. At the same time, the rationality of the drivetrain of the HEB prototype was testified by the simulation result.
Finally, the impact of key parameters to vehicle fuel economy was simulated in the sequence of technology addition pathway. The results show that compared to the conventional bus, the fuel economy of the series HEB can improve about 30% without reduction in its drive performance. This provides the strategy evidence for the optimization design of series HEB, which is extremely valuable in application.
引文
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