摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展和能源生产与消费量的急速增长,氮氧化物排放量也随之增加。有关研究表明,氮氧化物排放加剧了大气酸沉降、光化学烟雾和城市灰霾的污染。由于氮氧化物可以在大气层中长距离输送,引起的全球性或区域性污染问题也日渐突出。如果对此不加以控制,氮氧化物的持续增加将会明显抵消掉二氧化硫减排所取得的重大环境效益。
“十二五”期间,国家新增氮氧化物为主要污染物总量减排考核指标,根据国家初步下达的考核目标任务,四川省“十二五”总量减排任务极为艰巨。对四川省氮氧化物排放在不同地区的总量分布和不同行业的总量结构现状进行整理、分析,并对其控制对策进行研究,有助于行政主管部门从可持续发展的要求出发,制定适当的政策和采取有效的控制措施,加强节能,提高能效,改善能源结构和能源利用技术,在未来能以较低的能源消费增长支持较高的经济增长,从而减少氮氧化物的排放增长量,对全省乃至全国的环境都起到积极作用。
根据2010年度四川省污染源普查动态更新数据,对氮氧化物排放进行了统计分析,归纳出氮氧化物排放特征。并根据《四川省环境质量报告书2006～2010》中2010年度大气环境质量数据,分析了氮氧化物排放对环境空气质量中二氧化氮浓度和大气降水pH值、降水氮沉降的相关性,由此整理出氮氧化物排放对大气环境质量的影响。根据氮氧化物的排放特征和对环境的影响情况,确定了四川省氮氧化物重点控制行业和控制地区。
对现行氮氧化物控制手段进行了整理,找出对其监控和管理存在的不足,从而提出了四川省氮氧化物的宏观控制对策。由于氮氧化物控制的重点行业——火电行业、水泥制品业、机动车污染源的氮氧化物排放来源均是来自燃烧过程,因此,对氮氧化物的形成机理进行分析,对氮氧化物控制技术进行讨论,从而提出氮氧化物重点控制行业的具体控制技术和控制政策。最后,设计出四川省氮氧化物减排方案。宏观管理和技术治理两方面相辅相成,能够为政府和企业在环境保护方面提供具有现实意义的启发和有效的导向,为氮氧化物的控制优化提供一个全新的视角。
With the rapid growth of China's rapid energy production and consumption, nitrogen oxide emissions have increased. The study showed that nitrogen oxide emissions contribute to atmospheric acid deposition, photochemical smog and urban haze pollution. Due to long-range transport of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere which caused by global or regional pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. If this is left unchecked, the continued increase of the nitrogen oxides will be significantly offset by the significant environmental benefits achieved by the sulfur dioxide emission reduction.
During the12th Five-Year Plan, China added nitrogen oxides for the total amount of major pollutants emission reduction assessment indicators. According to the preliminary assessment issued, Sichuan's12th Five-Year Plan total emission reduction task is extremely difficult. Our province analyze, and control measures Nitrogen oxide emissions of the total amount of distribution in different regions and different sectors of the total amount of actuality organize to contribute to the administrative department of the departure from the requirements of sustainable development, which appropriate policies and take effective control measures to enhance energy conservation, energy efficiency. Also, it can improve the energy structure and energy utilization technology to support high economic growth in the future at a lower energy consumption growth. Thereby reducing nitrogen oxide emissions growth play a positive role on the environment of the province and the country.
In this thesis, according to the2010census of pollution sources in Sichuan Province, nitrogen oxide emissions statistical analysis and summed up the characteristics of nitrogen oxide emissions. According to the Sichuan Environmental Quality Report2006to2010, in the year2010the, we analyzed the nitrogen oxide emissions of nitrogen dioxide concentration in the ambient air quality and atmospheric precipitation pH value. Then we finishing the nitrogen oxide emissions of atmospheric environmental quality and derivatives of nitrogen oxide emissions which impact on the water environment, soil, plants and human. According to the characteristics of nitrogen oxide emissions and the impact on the environment, the province nitrogen oxides Critical Control Point (HACCP) industry and controlled areas.
This paper finishing the existing nitrogen oxides control means to identify the shortcomings of its monitoring and management, which made the macro-control measures of the nitrogen oxides in our province. Thus derived key industries-thermal power industry, cement products industry, mobile source emissions control technology and control policies were discussed. Finally, a nitrogen oxides emission reduction program is designed to provide important reference for government decision-making, and to improve the execution of the government environmental management policies. Macroeconomic management and technical management of two complementary has practical significance inspired and effective guide to government and industry in the area of environmental protection, optimized to provide a new perspective for the control of nitrogen oxides.
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