摘要
车队监控系统是智能交通系统中重要的组成部分,它能有效实现监控者与驾驶员之间的实时通信。一方面管理者可以实时有效地监控车辆的行驶状况,掌握车辆具体情况,并在必要时给以相应的指导、救助及调度命令。另一方面驾驶员通过交互设备与管理者通信,实时获取车辆位置以及周围搭乘乘客等信息,使得驾驶过程更加快速、安全,并同时提高运营效益。
上海无线测控专网是政府搭建的双向数据、定位测控无线通信网,专门为用户系统提供定位及测控服务,其基础设施已于近期搭建成功,其中包括基站、通信网络、定位终端以及网络控制中心。
论文在研究了无线测控专网相关技术的基础上,采用专网定位技术及通信网络,开发了一套适用于车队管理的定位监控系统,主要包含车载交互界面和车队监控软件的实现。其中交互界面用户通过与TULIP的串口连接,采用低成本的单片机为核心,并以液晶屏为实时显示界面,通过菜单操作便可有效地实现与车队管理者的交互沟通。而监控软件选择在Windows操作系统下使用VC++构建,通过无线测控专网实现数据采集、用户登录管理、操作终端用户信息、电子地图显示和历史轨迹显示等功能。论文对监控中心数据库进行了较详细的设计与实现,使系统的数据组织有较好的后台支持。并提出使用矢量地图代替标量地图,为将来包括提高精度引用多种算法在内的许多工作提供基础。所设计的系统体现出了操作方便灵活、系统可扩展性强等优点。
论文在监控系统设计研制完成后,根据不同的试验目的进行了系统性能原理性测试实验,并对得到的结果进行了分析,结果充分证实了该监控系统的可行性。针对实验中出现的较大定位误差,提出了引用地图匹配算法对其进行修正。论文所取得的研究成果监控系统的进一步研究奠定了基础。
论文设计的监控系统依托无线测控专网,能帮助用户特别是车队用户在从事现代交通运输的过程中,从提高调度效率、监督安全驾驶、辅助管理和提出决策等方面提升竞争力。
Vehicle fleet monitoring system is one of the most important sectors in Intelligent Traffic System, which provides real-time communication between monitors and drivers. On one side, the manager can monitor the vehicle’s movement, get the vehicle’s status in time, and give his help, rescue and dispatch order when necessary. On the other side, the car driver can contact with the manager by the car-hold interactive device linked with TULIP (transmitter provided by Israel), and get the latest car location and passengers distribution information, which bring faster, safer and more profitable drive.
The Wireless Observe and Control Special Network Shanghai has established its Network Control Center and infrastructures, which include the bases construction, network laying, end-user transmitter procurement.
The thesis is written based on this Special Network. The whole fleet monitoring system is developed for the taxi fleet. At the first place, the research background and meaning are stated in detail. And the common system develop situation and key technology are introduced. As the Special Network is newly launched in China, its navigating, controlling principle and working process are analyzed. And its key properties in every part are described, which provide the basis for the later research.
The main body of the thesis is divided into 2 parts. In the first part, a watching platform is designed and fixed on the automobile together with the TULIP. The STC89C54 processes the serial data from TULIP and displays all the order sent by the manager on the LCD screen. By the menu operation, drivers can“talk”with its manager. After that, the fleet monitoring software is designed in the Windows OS. It establishes several functions, including data collection from Special Network, user login management, modification of the vehicle information, map GIS display and historical trace redisplay and so on.
Next part mainly presents the practical experiments, which are established to learn the system’s availability and precision. As the communication ports are not open by NCC, two different experiments in different platforms are designed. The analysis of the location data and the projects reference data, including confidence factor, received base number, electric field strength were also made. Another method, mapping arithmetic is suggested to be applied to reduce the error after finding the error sources, which can improve system’s performance in the practical application.
With the Special Network background, the fleet monitoring system improves the user’s strength from the effective taxi dispatch, safely driving under control, manager decision-making factors.
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