摘要
近年来,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,GPS、GIS,无线通讯、计算机等技术的日益成熟和紧密结合,促使了GPS&GIS导航服务业的产生。在此情况下,GPS&GIS导航电子地图的应用研究,理所当然地成为了许多科研工作者关注的焦点,也成为了许多公司和企业日益竞争的领域。GPS&GIS导航电子地图的应用日趋广泛并且研究也更加深入,目前在GPS车载定位导航和个人手机导航方面国内外的学者都做了研究,简单来说就是,GPS提供快速准确的定位信息,然后综合导航电子地图给用户提供丰富、全面的地理信息如:交通路线、路况信息、公共服务设施等。该方面,国外的技术及应用都相对成熟,而国内由于技术、经济、政策等原因,尚处于初级阶段,因此有着很大的市场潜力,其研究意义重大。
本文在参阅了大量国内外相关资料的基础上,结合车辆定位导航的应用,首先从GPS导航电子地图的研究及应用现状出发,阐述了论文课题研究的作用和现实意义。然后详细介绍了GPS导航数据的接收和处理,包括NMEA0183导航数据格式说明、数据解码及相关的坐标转换。接下来,论述了基于组件MapX的导航电子地图的设计和制作,包括组件MapX的介绍、导航电子地图的数据组织结构及制作过程等。然后又着重阐述了导航电子地图中的最优路径控制,详细说明了经典的最短路径算法并用VC进行了编程实现以及如何在导航电子地图中得以应用。然后,对本论文所阐述的GPS导航电子地图个人终端系统进行了设计和VC编程实现。
最后,总结了本文所做的工作,分析了论文中存在的问题及需要完善的地方。
With the rapid development of science and technology, the global positioning system(GPS), geographical information system(GIS) and wireless communication technologies become maturer and more integrated, some GPS/GIS navigation service industries come out. In this situation, the integrative research on GPS and GIS Navigation Electronic Map becomes a focus of many scientific researchers and companies. Researches on the integrated application of GPS and GIS in navigation electronic map become more extensive and deeper. Recently, many home and abroad scholars make a mass of studies, in the field of the in-vehicle location and navigation system and handset's navigation. Using integrated navigation electronic map, users can obtain comprehensive and abundant geographic information such as traffic route, road state and so on. In abroad, the application and research in the area of GPS/GIS navigation service industries are relative mature. However, because of technology, economy, and policy, our research in this field is still at its elementary stage, the potential market is very enormous, and it is very significant to study the research.
On the base of many refrerence books and papers, integrated the application of in-vehicle location and navigation system, this thesis begins with the development of GPS and GIS Navigation Electronic Map and introduces the role and significance. Secondly, it describes GPS data receiving from GPS receiver to PC and data processing, including explanation of NMEA0183 data format, data decoding and coordinate transform. Thirdly, how to design and make navigation electronic map based on MapX is discussed. Fourthly, it also discusses the shortest path problem, introducing in detail shortest path algorithm and how to apply it in navigation electronic map. And then, the personal terminal system of GPS navigation electronic map is designed and programed by Visual C++.
Finally, this paper makes a summary and points out the problems and something to do in future.
引文
[1]杨继先,张树霞.导航基础[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨传播工程学院出版社。1988
[2]Nelson PC,Lain C and Dillenburg.Vehicle Based Route Planning in Advanced Traveler Information Systems.Proceedings Of Intelligent Vehicles Symposium.112-117,150-156.
[3]陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].科学出版社 2003
[4]龚健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].科学出版社 2002:1-8.
[5]吴信才.地里信息系统的设计与实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[6]徐绍铨,张华海.GPS测量原理及应用[M].武汉大学出版社 2003;
[7]周忠谟,易杰军.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,1998
[8]管青.导航电子地图开发与应用.吉林大学.硕士论文.2005
[9]余涛平.掌上电脑/手机导航电子地图设计与实现.武汉大学,硕士论文 2003
[10]Zimmerman,T.G.Tracking Shopping Carts Using Mobile Cameras Viewing Ceiling-Mounted Retro-Reflective Bar Codes.Computer Vision Systems,2006 ICVS '06.
[11]He Xinhua,Xiong Wenliang,Zheng Guang.Electronics map control for vehicle monitor.Intelligent Transportation Systems.2003.2 vol.1785
[12]Renault,S.Le Meur,A.Meizel,D.GPS/GIS localization for management of vision referenced navigation in urban environments.Intelligent Transportation Systems,2005.608-613.
[13]Ueda,N.Nakanishi,Y.Matsukawa,S.Motoe,M.Developing a GIS using a mobile phone equipped with a camera and a GPS,and its exhibitions.Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.2004.414-417
[14]朗锐,孙方.Visual C++网络通信程序开发基础及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2006:208-220
[15]谭思亮,邹超群.Visual C++串口通信工程开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社.2003
[16][美]赵亦林.车辆定位与导航系统[M].谭国真译.北京:电子工业出版社.1999
[17]熊家军,程文聪.运用VC和MapX控件的GPS接收与数字导航图的实现.空军雷达学院学报.Vol.20 No.1 Mar.2006 51
[18]朗锐.VC++实现GPS全球定位系统定位数据的提取[C/OL].[2005-10-30].http://www.gissky.net
[19]孔祥元,梅是义.控制测量学[M].武汉大学出版社.2002:138-150
[20]施一民。现代大地控制测量学[M].测绘出版社.2002:9-74
[21]刘大杰,施一民,过静珺.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理[M].同济大学出版社出版.1995:173-176
[22]王解先,王军,陆彩萍.GPS-84与北京54的坐标转换问题[J].大地测量与地球动力学。Vol.23.No.3.Aug.2003
[23]王解先,王军,陆彩萍.GPS测定坐标系转换至地方坐标系.全球定位系统,2003
[24]陈义,沈云中,刘大杰.适用于大旋转角的三维基准转换的一种简便模型[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版.Vol.29 No.12 Dec 2004
[25]陈义,沈云中.非线性三维基准转换的稳健估计[J]。大地测量与地球动力学。Vol.23 No.4Nov 2003
[26]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程(组件篇)[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[27]三味工作室.MapInfo6.0应用开发指南[M].人民邮电出版社.2000:3-11
[28]罗云启.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全[M].北京:希望电子出版社,2001:652
[29]齐锐,屈韶林,阳林赟.用MapX开发地里信息系统[M].清华大学出版社.2003
[30]宋关福,钟耳顺.组件式地理信息系统研究与开发[J].中国图像图形学报.1998.3(4)313-316.
[31]李胜乐,陆远忠.MapInfo地理信息系统二次开发实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2004.
[32]Cherkassky.,B.V.,Goldberg,A.V,And Radzik,T.Shortest Paths Algorithms:Theory and Experimental Evaluation.Technical Report 93-1480.Computer Science Department Of Stanford University,1993
[33]F.Benjamin Zhan.Three Fastest Shortest Path Algorthms On Real Road Networks:Data Structures And Procedures,Journal of Geographic Information and Decision Analysis,Vol.1,No.1,pp.69-82,1995
[34]Dial,R.B.Algorithm 360:Shortest Path Forest with Topological Ordering.Communications of the ACM,121632-633,1969
[35]吴晓凌.改进A<*>算法以使用于电子地图寻径.湖北大学.硕士论文 2005
[36]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构[M]。清华大学出版社。2001:156-192;
[37]李根生,谢月娥.数据结构(C++描述)[M].中国水利水电出版社.2001:146-175。
[38]李雪瑞,吕志平,赵冬青.基于MapX的道路拓扑与最短路径分析[J].地矿测绘,2004,(11)
[39]聂运菊,赵吉先,费小睿.基于MapX的道路拓扑和最短路径分析[J].测绘科学,2006,Vol.31 No.3 May 2006
[40]韩平阳,罗五明.基于MapX的地里信息系统的VC开发[J].交通与计算机。2004 22(5):71-74。
[41]胡明凯,谢玲.基于MapX的鹰眼图实现方法[J].现代电子技术.2005.7[39]
[42]许士敏.基于MapX的鹰眼图实现.http://www.chinartu.com