建筑墙体中织物增强性能的研究
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摘要
砂浆、混凝土结构的建筑物在使用过程中会出现不同程度的裂纹,用纤维增强砂浆或混凝土改善裂纹的研究成为热点,其中织物的增强效果尤其明显,可改善单纤维增强的方向局限性。
本文从织物的密度、层数和几何形态方面来探讨织物对砂浆或混凝土的增强作用。在普通织机上研制出纱罗织物与单层、双层、四层平板织物及十字形立体织物的基础上,制作相应的砂浆与混凝土增强试件,测试其抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度,研究织物对墙体粉刷层和墙体结构的增强性能。
织物对墙体粉刷层的增强研究表明:织物比短纤维更能增加砂浆的抗折强度,比素砂浆、纤维砂浆分别提高了9.7%、6.25%;织物的密度越大,即单位体积的织物含量越高,织物对砂浆或混凝土的增强效果越好,经密在50根·(10cm)-1至60根·(10cm)-1为宜;在一定厚度的砂浆内,平铺织物的层数越多,织物增强砂浆的效果越好,3cm厚的砂浆中,3至4层为好;织物在试件中放置的位置不同,对砂浆增强强度的影响也不同。
织物对墙体结构的增强研究表明:织物结构对织物增强混凝土的抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度有一定的影响,十字形织物对混凝土抗折强度的增强作用好于平板织物。
Constructions made of grout or concrete always appears to cracks. Studies on fiber-reinforced grout or concrete are very popular, especially, fabrics whose effects are more visible can reduce direction limit of fiber.
In terms of fabric density, layers and geometry, the text discusses effects on strength of grout or concrete which the fabrics take. Manufacture leno woven, one-lay, two-layer, four-layer planar fabrics and cross-shaped fabrics; make grout or concrete specimens; measure tensile strength and curve strength of fabric-reinforced grout or concrete; study the fabrics’reinforcing functions to the wall rendering surface and the wall configuration.
The studies of wall rendering with fabric says: fabric is better than fiber; bigger the fabric density is, bigger the strength of grout or concrete is. The warp density of from fifty per ten centimeters to sixty is suitable; more the fabric layers are, bigger the strength is, but the layer shouldn’t be so many. The layer from 3 to 4 in 3- centimeter-thick grout is good; The place of fabric in specimen will affect the strength.
The studies of wall configuration say: fabric structure takes effects on tensile strength and curve strength of fabric-reinforced concrete. Cross-shaped fabrics take better function than planar fabrics do.
本文从织物的密度、层数和几何形态方面来探讨织物对砂浆或混凝土的增强作用。在普通织机上研制出纱罗织物与单层、双层、四层平板织物及十字形立体织物的基础上,制作相应的砂浆与混凝土增强试件,测试其抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度,研究织物对墙体粉刷层和墙体结构的增强性能。
织物对墙体粉刷层的增强研究表明:织物比短纤维更能增加砂浆的抗折强度,比素砂浆、纤维砂浆分别提高了9.7%、6.25%;织物的密度越大,即单位体积的织物含量越高,织物对砂浆或混凝土的增强效果越好,经密在50根·(10cm)-1至60根·(10cm)-1为宜;在一定厚度的砂浆内,平铺织物的层数越多,织物增强砂浆的效果越好,3cm厚的砂浆中,3至4层为好;织物在试件中放置的位置不同,对砂浆增强强度的影响也不同。
织物对墙体结构的增强研究表明:织物结构对织物增强混凝土的抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度有一定的影响,十字形织物对混凝土抗折强度的增强作用好于平板织物。
Constructions made of grout or concrete always appears to cracks. Studies on fiber-reinforced grout or concrete are very popular, especially, fabrics whose effects are more visible can reduce direction limit of fiber.
In terms of fabric density, layers and geometry, the text discusses effects on strength of grout or concrete which the fabrics take. Manufacture leno woven, one-lay, two-layer, four-layer planar fabrics and cross-shaped fabrics; make grout or concrete specimens; measure tensile strength and curve strength of fabric-reinforced grout or concrete; study the fabrics’reinforcing functions to the wall rendering surface and the wall configuration.
The studies of wall rendering with fabric says: fabric is better than fiber; bigger the fabric density is, bigger the strength of grout or concrete is. The warp density of from fifty per ten centimeters to sixty is suitable; more the fabric layers are, bigger the strength is, but the layer shouldn’t be so many. The layer from 3 to 4 in 3- centimeter-thick grout is good; The place of fabric in specimen will affect the strength.
The studies of wall configuration say: fabric structure takes effects on tensile strength and curve strength of fabric-reinforced concrete. Cross-shaped fabrics take better function than planar fabrics do.
引文
(1) 卞华亭,蔡风雷,外墙粉刷裂缝产生的原因及防治措施,建筑技术开发,2002,29(12),48~49
(2) 林礼禹,外墙粉刷层裂纹、空鼓的原因分析和预防措施,福建建材,2006(1),47
(3) 张应力,现代混凝土配合比设计手册,北京人民交通出版社,2003 (4]) Krauss P.D.and Rogalla E.A.Transverse,Cracking in Newly Constructed Bridge Decks.NCHRP Report 380,Transportion research Board, Washington.D.C.1996
(5) 王铁梦等,工程结构裂纹控制.中国建筑工业出版社,1998
(6) DanielDaniel,J.,Shah,S.P(Eds.),This-Section Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Ferrocement,ACISP-124,Detroit 1990
(7) Taerwe,L.(Ed.):Mon-Metallic(FRP)Reinforcement for Concrete Structures.RILFM Proceedings 29&FN SPON,London 1995
(8) Japan Concrete Institute:Non-Metallic(FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures.proc.3rd Intern.Symposium on Non-Metallic Reinforcement for Concrete
(9) Ban B. Compact shear test specimens for FRC materials, Composite. 1978,18(1):54~60
(10) Shi Guanyi,Huang Nin,Cao Youhong. Studies on the 3-form of isotopic polypropylene.2 , the melting behavior of predominantly 3 form samples.Micromoles Chem,1986,187(1):643
(11) Wu Haichung, Crack arrant by internal compressive stress field internal tensile loading, Master Sci Lelt 1997.16(13):1133
(12) A.Peled,A.Bentur. Fabric structure and its reinforcing efficiency in textile reinforced cement composition.Composites: part A 34(2003):107-118
(13) 王坤,韩德丰,朱明华,康小芳,浅谈聚丙烯纤维混凝土的机理及应用,河南建材,2006(3),57~58
(14) 曹诚等,聚丙烯纤维混凝土动力学特性的影响研究[J],混凝土,2000(5):43-45
(15) 朱惠伟,聚丙烯纤维在混凝土中的应用探讨,中国建材-2005(3),81~81
(16) G.Pons M,Mouret M, Alcantara J.L.Granju, Mechanical behaviour of self-compacting concrete with hybrid fiber reinforcement.Materials and Structures
(17) 沈荣熹,纤维混凝土,中国建筑工业出版社,1985
(18) 孙家瑛,陈建祥,吴初航,陆星,硅灰对水泥基PP纤维复合材料路用性能的影响,建筑材料学报,2000(3),80-83
(19) 刘数华,何林,聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗裂性的试验研究,化学建材,2005,21(2),50~52
(20) 荀勇等.短纤维和织物增强混凝土薄板试验研究,土木工程学报,2005,38(11),58~63
(21) Peled A,Bentur A,Yankalevsky D.,Flexural performance of cementitious composites reinforced by woven fabrics, Materials in Civil Engineering(ASCE), 1999(12),325-330
(22) Peled Alva,Bentur Arnon. Effects of woven fabric geometry on bonding performance of cementitious composites:mechanical performance.Advanced Cement Based Materials.1998,7(1):20-27
(23) 用织物替代增强混凝土的钢筋,工程质量,2006(9),57
(24) 陈益人,陈志华,机织土工布的生产及应用,北京纺织,2000,21(6),31~33
(25) 苟 勇,增强混凝土的方法与力学原理综述,盐城工学院学报,2003,16(4),1~5,8
(26) Thanasis C.Triantafillou Catherine G.Papanicolaou.Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete members with textile reinforced mortar(TRM)jackets. Materials and Structures,2006
(27) SOO-JIN PARK.WON-BAR PARK.JAE-ROCK LEE. Characterization of the impact properties of three-dimensional glass fabric-reinforced vinyl ester matrixcomposites.JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE,2000,35:6151~6154
(28) 赵国藩,彭少民,黄承达,钢纤维混凝土结构(M),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
(29) Pigott M R. Theoretical Estimation of Fracture Toughness of Fibrous Composites,Journal of Material Science,1970,5(8):669～675
(30) 俞巧珍,俞洪良,机织物增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能研究,纺织学报,2004,25(5),69~70
(31) 孙子明,项 明,李启令,吴科如,尼龙纤维网增韧 MDF 水泥材料抗折性能的研究,建筑材料学报,2005,1(4),7~10
(32) 工程质量-2006 年 9 期
(33) 鲁 云,朱世杰等,先进复合材料,机械工业出版社,2004
(34) 晏石林等,复合材料建筑结构及其应用,化学工业出版社,2006
(35) 赵建生,断裂力学及断裂物理,华中科技大学出版社,2003
(36) 蒲 琪,建立断裂准则混凝土断裂力学及其研究现状,徐州建筑职业技术学院学报.2005,5(2)
(37) 范天佑.断裂理论基础.科学出版社,2003
(38) 余伟东,储才远等.纺织物理.东华大学出版社
(39) 牛艳奇,钢纤维聚合物混凝土增强机理及其在机床基础件中的应用,[硕士学位论文],辽宁工程技术大学,2002
(40) 曹继锋,聚丙烯长纤维混凝土性能研究,[ 硕士学位论文],大连理工大学,2006
(41) 卫爱民,赵涛,聚丙烯纤维混凝土的研究与应用,山东建材 2005,26(2),33~36
(42) 吴人洁,复合材料,天津大学出版社,2000
(43) 徐道富,安徽理工大学,新型聚丙烯纤维混凝土喷层力学性能研究及其工程应用,2006
(44) 宋智军,周秀会,用于复合材料增强的机织物,天津纺织科技,2001,39(2),26~29
(45) 陈华辉等,现代复合材料,中国物资出版社,1997
(46) 甘应进,傅宏俊等,3D 机织物的织造与力学性能测试,吉林工学院学报,2002,21(4),6~9
(47) 李嘉禄,焦亚男,三维纺织复合材料的微观结构和主要力学性能.世纪之交复合材料的现状与发展,党嘉立主编,湖南科学技术出版社
(48) 顾 平,复合材料预制件——三维正交互锁机织物的试验研究,南通纺织职业技术学院学报(综合版),2001,1(1),1~4
(49) 张立泉.三维机织物结构设计和织造技术研究,玻璃纤维,2002,(2),45~49
(50) 陈 雁,翟东梅, 厚型织物结构的探讨, 苏州丝绸工学院学报,1995,15 (1) ,33～41
(51) 顾 平,多重纬角连锁三维机织物结构设计,上海纺织科技,2002,30(4),24~26
(52) 江苏省建设工程质量监督总站,建设工程质量检测技术,中国建筑工业出版社,2006,6
(53) 唐春安,朱万成,混凝土损伤与断裂—数值试验.科学出版社,2003,1
(54)] 织物组织与纹织学,纺织工业出版社,1981
(55) 顾 平,普通织机织三维机织物的试验研究, 纺织学报,2002,26(5),24~26
(56) 曾志兴,基于断裂力学的钢纤维混凝土裂缝的研究,工业建筑,2005,35(3),53~55
(57) 阎培渝,混凝土结构的裂缝与控制,姚燕主编,新型高性能混凝土耐久性的研究与工程应用,中国建材出版社,2004,357~361
(2) 林礼禹,外墙粉刷层裂纹、空鼓的原因分析和预防措施,福建建材,2006(1),47
(3) 张应力,现代混凝土配合比设计手册,北京人民交通出版社,2003 (4]) Krauss P.D.and Rogalla E.A.Transverse,Cracking in Newly Constructed Bridge Decks.NCHRP Report 380,Transportion research Board, Washington.D.C.1996
(5) 王铁梦等,工程结构裂纹控制.中国建筑工业出版社,1998
(6) DanielDaniel,J.,Shah,S.P(Eds.),This-Section Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Ferrocement,ACISP-124,Detroit 1990
(7) Taerwe,L.(Ed.):Mon-Metallic(FRP)Reinforcement for Concrete Structures.RILFM Proceedings 29&FN SPON,London 1995
(8) Japan Concrete Institute:Non-Metallic(FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures.proc.3rd Intern.Symposium on Non-Metallic Reinforcement for Concrete
(9) Ban B. Compact shear test specimens for FRC materials, Composite. 1978,18(1):54~60
(10) Shi Guanyi,Huang Nin,Cao Youhong. Studies on the 3-form of isotopic polypropylene.2 , the melting behavior of predominantly 3 form samples.Micromoles Chem,1986,187(1):643
(11) Wu Haichung, Crack arrant by internal compressive stress field internal tensile loading, Master Sci Lelt 1997.16(13):1133
(12) A.Peled,A.Bentur. Fabric structure and its reinforcing efficiency in textile reinforced cement composition.Composites: part A 34(2003):107-118
(13) 王坤,韩德丰,朱明华,康小芳,浅谈聚丙烯纤维混凝土的机理及应用,河南建材,2006(3),57~58
(14) 曹诚等,聚丙烯纤维混凝土动力学特性的影响研究[J],混凝土,2000(5):43-45
(15) 朱惠伟,聚丙烯纤维在混凝土中的应用探讨,中国建材-2005(3),81~81
(16) G.Pons M,Mouret M, Alcantara J.L.Granju, Mechanical behaviour of self-compacting concrete with hybrid fiber reinforcement.Materials and Structures
(17) 沈荣熹,纤维混凝土,中国建筑工业出版社,1985
(18) 孙家瑛,陈建祥,吴初航,陆星,硅灰对水泥基PP纤维复合材料路用性能的影响,建筑材料学报,2000(3),80-83
(19) 刘数华,何林,聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗裂性的试验研究,化学建材,2005,21(2),50~52
(20) 荀勇等.短纤维和织物增强混凝土薄板试验研究,土木工程学报,2005,38(11),58~63
(21) Peled A,Bentur A,Yankalevsky D.,Flexural performance of cementitious composites reinforced by woven fabrics, Materials in Civil Engineering(ASCE), 1999(12),325-330
(22) Peled Alva,Bentur Arnon. Effects of woven fabric geometry on bonding performance of cementitious composites:mechanical performance.Advanced Cement Based Materials.1998,7(1):20-27
(23) 用织物替代增强混凝土的钢筋,工程质量,2006(9),57
(24) 陈益人,陈志华,机织土工布的生产及应用,北京纺织,2000,21(6),31~33
(25) 苟 勇,增强混凝土的方法与力学原理综述,盐城工学院学报,2003,16(4),1~5,8
(26) Thanasis C.Triantafillou Catherine G.Papanicolaou.Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete members with textile reinforced mortar(TRM)jackets. Materials and Structures,2006
(27) SOO-JIN PARK.WON-BAR PARK.JAE-ROCK LEE. Characterization of the impact properties of three-dimensional glass fabric-reinforced vinyl ester matrixcomposites.JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE,2000,35:6151~6154
(28) 赵国藩,彭少民,黄承达,钢纤维混凝土结构(M),北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
(29) Pigott M R. Theoretical Estimation of Fracture Toughness of Fibrous Composites,Journal of Material Science,1970,5(8):669～675
(30) 俞巧珍,俞洪良,机织物增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能研究,纺织学报,2004,25(5),69~70
(31) 孙子明,项 明,李启令,吴科如,尼龙纤维网增韧 MDF 水泥材料抗折性能的研究,建筑材料学报,2005,1(4),7~10
(32) 工程质量-2006 年 9 期
(33) 鲁 云,朱世杰等,先进复合材料,机械工业出版社,2004
(34) 晏石林等,复合材料建筑结构及其应用,化学工业出版社,2006
(35) 赵建生,断裂力学及断裂物理,华中科技大学出版社,2003
(36) 蒲 琪,建立断裂准则混凝土断裂力学及其研究现状,徐州建筑职业技术学院学报.2005,5(2)
(37) 范天佑.断裂理论基础.科学出版社,2003
(38) 余伟东,储才远等.纺织物理.东华大学出版社
(39) 牛艳奇,钢纤维聚合物混凝土增强机理及其在机床基础件中的应用,[硕士学位论文],辽宁工程技术大学,2002
(40) 曹继锋,聚丙烯长纤维混凝土性能研究,[ 硕士学位论文],大连理工大学,2006
(41) 卫爱民,赵涛,聚丙烯纤维混凝土的研究与应用,山东建材 2005,26(2),33~36
(42) 吴人洁,复合材料,天津大学出版社,2000
(43) 徐道富,安徽理工大学,新型聚丙烯纤维混凝土喷层力学性能研究及其工程应用,2006
(44) 宋智军,周秀会,用于复合材料增强的机织物,天津纺织科技,2001,39(2),26~29
(45) 陈华辉等,现代复合材料,中国物资出版社,1997
(46) 甘应进,傅宏俊等,3D 机织物的织造与力学性能测试,吉林工学院学报,2002,21(4),6~9
(47) 李嘉禄,焦亚男,三维纺织复合材料的微观结构和主要力学性能.世纪之交复合材料的现状与发展,党嘉立主编,湖南科学技术出版社
(48) 顾 平,复合材料预制件——三维正交互锁机织物的试验研究,南通纺织职业技术学院学报(综合版),2001,1(1),1~4
(49) 张立泉.三维机织物结构设计和织造技术研究,玻璃纤维,2002,(2),45~49
(50) 陈 雁,翟东梅, 厚型织物结构的探讨, 苏州丝绸工学院学报,1995,15 (1) ,33～41
(51) 顾 平,多重纬角连锁三维机织物结构设计,上海纺织科技,2002,30(4),24~26
(52) 江苏省建设工程质量监督总站,建设工程质量检测技术,中国建筑工业出版社,2006,6
(53) 唐春安,朱万成,混凝土损伤与断裂—数值试验.科学出版社,2003,1
(54)] 织物组织与纹织学,纺织工业出版社,1981
(55) 顾 平,普通织机织三维机织物的试验研究, 纺织学报,2002,26(5),24~26
(56) 曾志兴,基于断裂力学的钢纤维混凝土裂缝的研究,工业建筑,2005,35(3),53~55
(57) 阎培渝,混凝土结构的裂缝与控制,姚燕主编,新型高性能混凝土耐久性的研究与工程应用,中国建材出版社,2004,357~361