孵化企业社会资本与创业绩效关系研究
|
摘要
社会型创业的概念已经在经济管理研究领域得到发展,许多文献或者杂志普遍采用从社会型创业的特征角度来考虑组织特征,许多组织也开始致力于研究社会型创业,甚至开设了网站传播这个概念,用以发散和传播社会型创业这个概念。Mulgan(2007)认为社会型创业活动就是满足社会需要的驱动而形成的大量创新活动和服务,并通过追求社会目的的社会型组织的工作发展并广为传播1。本文将目标聚焦于社会型创业的支持特征,试图从一个侧面来研究社会型创业目前在中国的发展趋势。
本论文又在现有企业社会资本相关研究文献的基础上,提出了社会资本通过企业的动态能力促进企业创业绩效提升的概念模型,并以我国孵化企业2为研究对象,全面研究了企业社会资本的结构维度、关系维度和认知维度与企业创业绩效的关系,并着重分析企业创业文化在这个影响过程中所起的作用。
本研究采用访谈和问卷调查方法进行了数据收集,回收有效孵化器问卷54份3(访谈了其中10家孵化器),回收孵化企业问卷270份4。在数据处理方面主要利用因子分析、多元回归分析、结构方程建模以及路径分析等方法对模型所提出的假设进行了实证检验,然后进行理论分析和定量实证研究。
第一章是绪论部分,这部分内容主要阐述本研究选题的背景,研究问题是如何提出的?讨论了本选题在管理实践方面产生的意义,理论研究方面的意义。
第二章主要阐述了以下几方面内容:首先是社会型创业的文献回顾,分别阐述了社会型创业经典的几个概念;内涵及其演变概况;社会型创业研究的近期进展;社会型创业拟解决的一些问题。其次是社会资本的文献部分,这部分研究阐述了社会资本内涵的演变概况;分别阐述了其三个方面的情况:社会资本经典的概念;社会资本理论的经典论述、社会资本的内容、特征和社会资本的层次以及演变;社会资本研究的近期进展;社会资本解决的一些问题。本章内容还另外分别阐述了企业创业绩效的文献回顾和企业动态能力的文献回顾。在本章的最后提出了本研究的总体构思和设计思路,分别包括本研究的理论基础、研究目的和研究焦点;本研究的总体框架和总体模型构思图。
第三章主要阐述社会型创业的支持特征,首先阐述了本项研究的目的;研究过程主要包括研究方法的使用,样本的收集和结果的讨论;本研究还选取上海漕河泾新兴技术开发区科技创业中心作为孵化器案例研究,从而佐证本章研究结论。本章主要采用54家中国各地的孵化器资料问卷数据,并通过访谈10家孵化器,利用因子分析和结构方程建模对社会型创业支持特征进行探索性和验证性分析,得出社会型创业支持特征主要包括:内在协作、外部支撑、纽带联系和非盈利支持四个维度,这个是目前学术理论界尚未有涉及的,本研究做了一些尝试性的工作。
第四章主要研究孵化企业的社会资本和企业动态能力,本文主要是利用问卷研究得到的270家孵化企业的数据对国外经典的企业社会资本三维度模型进行了验证性分析,通过结构方程建模的方法验证了企业社会资本主要包括结构维、关系维和认知维的三维度模型。对于孵化企业动态能力的测度,也是在大量文献阅读的基础上设计和开发量表,经过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,最终得出孵化企业的动态能力主要包括吸收整合能力和创新能力两个维度,这是对于理论界目前大量定性研究动态能力概念的一个实证性探索补充。
第五章是在第四章研究的基础上,研究了企业动态能力和企业创业绩效的关系,本章研究首先对创业理论学术界错综复杂的企业创业绩效概念进行了中国背景下的界定,从孵化企业这种初创的企业角度出发,结合学者的诸多观点,探索性的发现企业创业绩效应该从财务绩效维度、成长绩效维度和创新绩效维度三个方面进行分析,增加的创新绩效维度主要是考虑到初创企业的创新对于企业生存和发展有重要意义。接下来本章将企业动态能力之吸收整合能力和创新能力与企业创业绩效进行了多元回归分析,得出了一些有意义的结论。
第六章主要阐述了孵化企业的社会资本影响其创业绩效的过程机制,分析了企业动态能力的中介效应和企业创业文化的缓冲作用。最后得出一些有益的结论。本章末通过系统整合进行了整个研究的全模型分析,通过路径分析得出一些有意义的结果。
最后,本论文总结了研究的主要结论,探讨了本研究的理论进展和实践意义,并指出了研究中存在的不足以及有待进一步解决的问题。
本文的研究结果对孵化器这种社会型创业支持,孵化企业的社会资本、企业动态能力、及孵化企业的创业绩效相关理论有重要的意义。本文开创性地探知社会型创业的支持特征的四个维度,这个是理论上比较少涉及的,目前理论上对于社会型创业支持维度等研究主要还是停留在定性分析的基础上,本文通过设计和开发量表,进行探索性和验证性分析,最终得出一些有意义的结论。本文验证了国外成熟的企业社会资本三维度模型,这个理论上的意义虽然不大,但是它足以说明社会资本理论在中国背景下与孵化企业的适配性。本文还开创性地进行企业动态能力的实证性研究,将Catherine L. Wang和Pervaiz K. Ahmed(2007)的企业动态能力定性理论向前推进了一步,进行了中国背景下的实证验证。本文将研究从简单的社会资本和企业绩效的直接关系模型转到更为复杂和重要的发挥动态能力的中介效用过程模型和缓冲效用模型的研究上来,意义深远。
The concept of social entrepreneurship has been estabilished in the research field of business and management. Popular as well as monographs and articles are written about the characteristics of organization thought to engage in social entrepreneurship.“Innovative activities and services that are motivated by the goal of satisfying social need which are predominantly developed and diffused through organizations whose primary purposes are social”——Mulgan(2007). The thesis pays much attention to the incubator’s social entrepreneurship supporting characteristics on the background of China, then it will expatiate on the trend of chinese social entrepreneurship from another point of view. From the perspective of social capital, the key for firms' technological innovation lies in acquiring and exploiting knowledge through external and internal social capital. Thus, it is valuable to find out how corporate social capital improves entrepreneurial performance. Based on the past literature in the field of social capital, a conceptual model is developed to deduce the relationship among corporate social capital, corporate dynamic capacity and entrepreneurial performance. Considering the role of dynamic capacity, the thesis analyzes the relationship between corporate’s social capital (the structural, relational and cognitive dimension) and entrepreneurial performance through the data of incubatees in China.
In this thesis, we interviewed 10 incubators, received 54 valid incubators’and 270 valid incubatees’questionnaires. In the data processing aspect, some methods such as confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to theoretical exploration and quantitative analysis,then it verified hypotheses of the model.
Chapter1 expatiates on the thesis’s research background, why the thesis focuses on this issue, what’s the meaning of the research and its benefits to the theoretical development. In the end, it also concludes the whole conlusion of the thesis.
Chapter2 expatiates on the following contents: Firstly, we give a review about the social entrepreneurship literature, including the classical concepts about the social entrepreneurship,the essence of the social entrepreneurship and its development; the recent development of social entrepreneurship; and the problems that social entrepreneurship can solve. Secondly, we give a review on the social capital, it includes the classical concept of the social capital,the essence of the social capital and its development, the classical expatiation of the social capital theory; the content and characteristics of the social capital and its development;the recent development of the theory; and the problems that social capital can resolve. In the end of the chapter, it gives out the whole research structure which including the academic basis, research purposes, research focus and the whole research structure of the thesis.
Chapter3 mainly expatiates on the social entrepreneurship supporting characteristics. Firstly, it expatiates on the research purposes, the research procedure including the research method, the sample’s collection and the last debates. It also takes an example for case analysis to support the conclusion, namely, Shanghai Caohejing technology entrepreneurial center. Secondly, we collect 54 incubators’data and interview 10 incubators simultaneously, we carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis to social entrepreneurial characteristic dimensions by the factor analysis and SEM (Structural Equation Model). We get four dimensions: internal cooperation, external support, relational support and non-profit support. Because it is an original work, it can be meaningful to the theoretical development.
Chapter4 mainly expatiates on incubatees’social capital and their dynamic capability, we carry through the confirmatory analysis to the classical three dimensions of social capital through 270 incubatees’data, it finds that the classical social capital’s three dimensions model can fit with the Chinese incubatees’data(structural dimension, relational dimension and cognitive dimension). According to the corporates’dynamic capability, we design and select the measurement items through many literatures, and carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis, we find that the incubatees’dynamic capability including two dimensions: absorptive&adaptive capability and innovative capability, it’s also a confirmatory innovation in the theory of dynamic capability.
Chapter5 analyzes the relationship between corporate’s dynamic capability and entrepreneurial performance on the basis of Chapter 4. According to the incubatee’s entrepreneurial performance, it finds out the conclusion on the background of China. With the conclusion of literature, we carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis to entrepreneurial performance from following three dimensions: financial performance, development performance, innovative performance. The reason why we adding an innovative dimension mainly because the innovative performance is crucial to incubatees’survival and development. Then, we carry through a regressive analysis to corporate’s dynamic capability: absorptive&adaptive capability and innovative capability, we get some valuable conclusions.
Chapter6 mainly expatitates on the procedural effect between incubatee’s social capital and entrepreneurial performance. We analyze the mediate effect of corporate dynamic capability, the moderate effect of corporate entrepreneurial cluture. We get some meaningful conclusions in the end.
Chapter7 mainly expatiates on the whole research model, we can get some meaningful conclusions by using method of path analysis.
In the end, it reaches the main thesis conclusions, analyzes the academic progress and practical development, we also give out the research shortcomings and some future research suggestions.
The conclusions of the thesis are valuable to the academic development such as corporates’social capital, corporates’dynamic capability and entrepreneurial performance. It finds that the supporting characteristics include four dimensions. In theoretical field, it has been less mentioned, the thesis designs and develops questionnaires to carry through exploratory and confirmatory analysis, then it also gets some meaningful conclusions. The thesis verifies the three-dimensional model of social capital on the background of China. It also carries through the empirical study on the corporates’dynamic capability, it puts the Catherine L. Wang&Pervaiz K.Ahmed’s theory forward. It also changes the research point of view from the simple relationship between corporates’s social capital with entrepreneurial performance to their complex mediate and moderate effect analysis.
本论文又在现有企业社会资本相关研究文献的基础上,提出了社会资本通过企业的动态能力促进企业创业绩效提升的概念模型,并以我国孵化企业2为研究对象,全面研究了企业社会资本的结构维度、关系维度和认知维度与企业创业绩效的关系,并着重分析企业创业文化在这个影响过程中所起的作用。
本研究采用访谈和问卷调查方法进行了数据收集,回收有效孵化器问卷54份3(访谈了其中10家孵化器),回收孵化企业问卷270份4。在数据处理方面主要利用因子分析、多元回归分析、结构方程建模以及路径分析等方法对模型所提出的假设进行了实证检验,然后进行理论分析和定量实证研究。
第一章是绪论部分,这部分内容主要阐述本研究选题的背景,研究问题是如何提出的?讨论了本选题在管理实践方面产生的意义,理论研究方面的意义。
第二章主要阐述了以下几方面内容:首先是社会型创业的文献回顾,分别阐述了社会型创业经典的几个概念;内涵及其演变概况;社会型创业研究的近期进展;社会型创业拟解决的一些问题。其次是社会资本的文献部分,这部分研究阐述了社会资本内涵的演变概况;分别阐述了其三个方面的情况:社会资本经典的概念;社会资本理论的经典论述、社会资本的内容、特征和社会资本的层次以及演变;社会资本研究的近期进展;社会资本解决的一些问题。本章内容还另外分别阐述了企业创业绩效的文献回顾和企业动态能力的文献回顾。在本章的最后提出了本研究的总体构思和设计思路,分别包括本研究的理论基础、研究目的和研究焦点;本研究的总体框架和总体模型构思图。
第三章主要阐述社会型创业的支持特征,首先阐述了本项研究的目的;研究过程主要包括研究方法的使用,样本的收集和结果的讨论;本研究还选取上海漕河泾新兴技术开发区科技创业中心作为孵化器案例研究,从而佐证本章研究结论。本章主要采用54家中国各地的孵化器资料问卷数据,并通过访谈10家孵化器,利用因子分析和结构方程建模对社会型创业支持特征进行探索性和验证性分析,得出社会型创业支持特征主要包括:内在协作、外部支撑、纽带联系和非盈利支持四个维度,这个是目前学术理论界尚未有涉及的,本研究做了一些尝试性的工作。
第四章主要研究孵化企业的社会资本和企业动态能力,本文主要是利用问卷研究得到的270家孵化企业的数据对国外经典的企业社会资本三维度模型进行了验证性分析,通过结构方程建模的方法验证了企业社会资本主要包括结构维、关系维和认知维的三维度模型。对于孵化企业动态能力的测度,也是在大量文献阅读的基础上设计和开发量表,经过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,最终得出孵化企业的动态能力主要包括吸收整合能力和创新能力两个维度,这是对于理论界目前大量定性研究动态能力概念的一个实证性探索补充。
第五章是在第四章研究的基础上,研究了企业动态能力和企业创业绩效的关系,本章研究首先对创业理论学术界错综复杂的企业创业绩效概念进行了中国背景下的界定,从孵化企业这种初创的企业角度出发,结合学者的诸多观点,探索性的发现企业创业绩效应该从财务绩效维度、成长绩效维度和创新绩效维度三个方面进行分析,增加的创新绩效维度主要是考虑到初创企业的创新对于企业生存和发展有重要意义。接下来本章将企业动态能力之吸收整合能力和创新能力与企业创业绩效进行了多元回归分析,得出了一些有意义的结论。
第六章主要阐述了孵化企业的社会资本影响其创业绩效的过程机制,分析了企业动态能力的中介效应和企业创业文化的缓冲作用。最后得出一些有益的结论。本章末通过系统整合进行了整个研究的全模型分析,通过路径分析得出一些有意义的结果。
最后,本论文总结了研究的主要结论,探讨了本研究的理论进展和实践意义,并指出了研究中存在的不足以及有待进一步解决的问题。
本文的研究结果对孵化器这种社会型创业支持,孵化企业的社会资本、企业动态能力、及孵化企业的创业绩效相关理论有重要的意义。本文开创性地探知社会型创业的支持特征的四个维度,这个是理论上比较少涉及的,目前理论上对于社会型创业支持维度等研究主要还是停留在定性分析的基础上,本文通过设计和开发量表,进行探索性和验证性分析,最终得出一些有意义的结论。本文验证了国外成熟的企业社会资本三维度模型,这个理论上的意义虽然不大,但是它足以说明社会资本理论在中国背景下与孵化企业的适配性。本文还开创性地进行企业动态能力的实证性研究,将Catherine L. Wang和Pervaiz K. Ahmed(2007)的企业动态能力定性理论向前推进了一步,进行了中国背景下的实证验证。本文将研究从简单的社会资本和企业绩效的直接关系模型转到更为复杂和重要的发挥动态能力的中介效用过程模型和缓冲效用模型的研究上来,意义深远。
The concept of social entrepreneurship has been estabilished in the research field of business and management. Popular as well as monographs and articles are written about the characteristics of organization thought to engage in social entrepreneurship.“Innovative activities and services that are motivated by the goal of satisfying social need which are predominantly developed and diffused through organizations whose primary purposes are social”——Mulgan(2007). The thesis pays much attention to the incubator’s social entrepreneurship supporting characteristics on the background of China, then it will expatiate on the trend of chinese social entrepreneurship from another point of view. From the perspective of social capital, the key for firms' technological innovation lies in acquiring and exploiting knowledge through external and internal social capital. Thus, it is valuable to find out how corporate social capital improves entrepreneurial performance. Based on the past literature in the field of social capital, a conceptual model is developed to deduce the relationship among corporate social capital, corporate dynamic capacity and entrepreneurial performance. Considering the role of dynamic capacity, the thesis analyzes the relationship between corporate’s social capital (the structural, relational and cognitive dimension) and entrepreneurial performance through the data of incubatees in China.
In this thesis, we interviewed 10 incubators, received 54 valid incubators’and 270 valid incubatees’questionnaires. In the data processing aspect, some methods such as confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to theoretical exploration and quantitative analysis,then it verified hypotheses of the model.
Chapter1 expatiates on the thesis’s research background, why the thesis focuses on this issue, what’s the meaning of the research and its benefits to the theoretical development. In the end, it also concludes the whole conlusion of the thesis.
Chapter2 expatiates on the following contents: Firstly, we give a review about the social entrepreneurship literature, including the classical concepts about the social entrepreneurship,the essence of the social entrepreneurship and its development; the recent development of social entrepreneurship; and the problems that social entrepreneurship can solve. Secondly, we give a review on the social capital, it includes the classical concept of the social capital,the essence of the social capital and its development, the classical expatiation of the social capital theory; the content and characteristics of the social capital and its development;the recent development of the theory; and the problems that social capital can resolve. In the end of the chapter, it gives out the whole research structure which including the academic basis, research purposes, research focus and the whole research structure of the thesis.
Chapter3 mainly expatiates on the social entrepreneurship supporting characteristics. Firstly, it expatiates on the research purposes, the research procedure including the research method, the sample’s collection and the last debates. It also takes an example for case analysis to support the conclusion, namely, Shanghai Caohejing technology entrepreneurial center. Secondly, we collect 54 incubators’data and interview 10 incubators simultaneously, we carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis to social entrepreneurial characteristic dimensions by the factor analysis and SEM (Structural Equation Model). We get four dimensions: internal cooperation, external support, relational support and non-profit support. Because it is an original work, it can be meaningful to the theoretical development.
Chapter4 mainly expatiates on incubatees’social capital and their dynamic capability, we carry through the confirmatory analysis to the classical three dimensions of social capital through 270 incubatees’data, it finds that the classical social capital’s three dimensions model can fit with the Chinese incubatees’data(structural dimension, relational dimension and cognitive dimension). According to the corporates’dynamic capability, we design and select the measurement items through many literatures, and carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis, we find that the incubatees’dynamic capability including two dimensions: absorptive&adaptive capability and innovative capability, it’s also a confirmatory innovation in the theory of dynamic capability.
Chapter5 analyzes the relationship between corporate’s dynamic capability and entrepreneurial performance on the basis of Chapter 4. According to the incubatee’s entrepreneurial performance, it finds out the conclusion on the background of China. With the conclusion of literature, we carry through the exploratory and confirmatory analysis to entrepreneurial performance from following three dimensions: financial performance, development performance, innovative performance. The reason why we adding an innovative dimension mainly because the innovative performance is crucial to incubatees’survival and development. Then, we carry through a regressive analysis to corporate’s dynamic capability: absorptive&adaptive capability and innovative capability, we get some valuable conclusions.
Chapter6 mainly expatitates on the procedural effect between incubatee’s social capital and entrepreneurial performance. We analyze the mediate effect of corporate dynamic capability, the moderate effect of corporate entrepreneurial cluture. We get some meaningful conclusions in the end.
Chapter7 mainly expatiates on the whole research model, we can get some meaningful conclusions by using method of path analysis.
In the end, it reaches the main thesis conclusions, analyzes the academic progress and practical development, we also give out the research shortcomings and some future research suggestions.
The conclusions of the thesis are valuable to the academic development such as corporates’social capital, corporates’dynamic capability and entrepreneurial performance. It finds that the supporting characteristics include four dimensions. In theoretical field, it has been less mentioned, the thesis designs and develops questionnaires to carry through exploratory and confirmatory analysis, then it also gets some meaningful conclusions. The thesis verifies the three-dimensional model of social capital on the background of China. It also carries through the empirical study on the corporates’dynamic capability, it puts the Catherine L. Wang&Pervaiz K.Ahmed’s theory forward. It also changes the research point of view from the simple relationship between corporates’s social capital with entrepreneurial performance to their complex mediate and moderate effect analysis.
引文
5 本部分研究发表在《中国人力资源开发》2007 年第 1 期。
1. Alejandro Portes. The Economic Sociology for Immigration:Essays on Networks,Ethnicity and Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship. New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1995
2. Alvarez,V.S. and Merino,T.G. (2003). The history of organizational renewal:evolutionary models of Spanish savings and loans institutions. Organization Studies,24,1437–1461.
3. Alvord,S. H.,Brown,L. D.,& Letts,C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation. Journal of Applied BehavioralScience,40(3):260–282.
4. Amit,R. and Schoemaker,P.J.H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal,14,33–46.
5. Anderson,B. B.,& Dees,J. G. (2002). Developing viable earned income strategies. In J. G. Dees,J. Emerson,和 P. Economy (Eds.),Strategic tools for social entrepreneurs: Enhancing the performance of your enterprising nonprofit. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6. Andrews,K. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood,Corporate Strategy. New York:McGraw-Hill.
7. Athreye,S.S. (2005). The Indian software industry and its evolving service capability. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,393–418.
8. Barney,J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management,17,99–120.
9. Barney,J.B. (2001a). Is the resource-based ‘view’ a useful perspective for strategic management
10. Barney, J.B. (2001b). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: a ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27, 643–650.
11. Barney,J.B.,Wright,M. and Ketchen,D. Jr. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm:ten years after 1991. Journal of Management,27,625–641.
12. Boschee,J. (1995). Social entrepreneurship. Across the Board,32(3):20–25
13. Bowles,Samuel and Herbert Gintis. The Determinants of Individual Earning:Cognitive Skills,Personality and Schooling.(1998)working paper.
14. Brady,T. and Davies,A. (2004). Building project capabilities:from exploratory to exploitative
15. Busenitz,L. W.,West,G. P.,III,Shepherd,D.,Nelson,T.,Chandler,G. N.,& Zacharakis, A.(2003). Entrepreneurship research in emergence:Past trends and future directions. Journal of Management,29(3):285–308.
16. Camuffo,A. and Volpato,G. (1996). Dynamic capabilities and manufacturing automation: organizational learning in the Italian automobile industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,5, 813–838.
17. Capabilities perspective. Journal of International Business Studies,31(2),325–335.
18. Capon,N.,Farley,J.U.,Hulbert,J. and Lehmann,D.R. (1992). Profiles of product innovators among large US manufacturers. Management Science,38,157–169.
19. Chakravarthy,B.S. (1982). Adaptation:a promising metaphor for strategic management. Academy of Management Review,7(1),35–44.
20. Chandler,A.D. (1990). Scale and Scope:The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
21. Chen,C.J. (2004). The effects of knowledge attribute,alliance characteristics,and absorptive capacity on knowledge transfer performance. R&D Management,34,311–321.
22. Christopherson,S. and Storper,M. (1989). The effects of flexible specialization of industrial politics and the labor market:the motion picture industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review,42,331–347.
23. Clark,K.B. and Fujimoto,T. (1991). Product Development Performance:Strategy,Organization,and Management in the World Auto Industry. Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press.
24. Cockburn,I.,Henderson,R. and Stern,S. (2000). Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal,21,1123–1145.
25. Cohen,M.D. and Levinthal,D.A. (1990). Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,35,128–152.
26. Coleman,James .Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1990
27. Collis,D.J. (1994). Research note:how valuable are organizational capabilities? Strategic Management Journal,15(Winter Special Issue),143–152.
28. Cone,C. L.,Feldman,M. A.,& DaSilva,A. T. (2003b). Causes and effects. Harvard Business Review,81(7):95–103.
29. Conner,K. (1991). Historical comparison of resourcebased theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics:do we have a newtheory of the firm? Journal of Management,17,121–154.
30. D’Aveni,R.A. (1994). Hypercompetition:Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Manoeuvring. New York:Free Press.
31. D’Este,P. (2002). The distinctive patterns of capabilities accumulation and inter-firm heterogeneity:the case of the Spanish pharmaceutical industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,11,847–874.
32. Daneels,E. (2002). The dynamics of product innovation and firm competences. Strategic Management Journal,23,1095–1121.
33. Davis,T. (1997). The NGO business hybrid:Is the private sector the answer? Baltimore,MD:Johns Hopkins University.
34. Day,G.S. and Wensley,R. (1988). Assessing advantage:a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority. Journal of Marketing,52,1–20.
35. Dees,J. G. (1998). The meaning of ‘‘social entrepreneurship’’. Stanford University:Draft Report for the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership,6 pp.
36. Dees,J. G.,and Elias,J. (1998). The challenges of combining social and commercial enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly,8(1):165–178.
37. Delmas,M.A. (1999). Exposing strategic assets to create new competencies:the case of technological acquisition in the waste management industry in Europe and North America. Industrial and Corporate Change,8,635–650.
38. DeVany,A. and Walls, W. (1991). Motion picture anti-trust: the Paramount cases revisited. Research in Law and Economics,14,51–112.
39. Dierickx,I. and Cool,K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science,35,1504–1511.
40. Dosi, G. (1988a). Sources,procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature,26,1120–1171.
41. Dosi,G. (1988b). The nature of the innovative process. In Gosi,G.,Freeman,C.,Nelson, R.,Silverberg,G. and Soete,L. (eds),Technical Change and EconomicTheory. London: Pinter.
42. Dosi,G. and Marengo,L. (1993). Some elements of an evolutionary theory of organizational competences. In England, R.W. (ed.), Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics.AnnArbor,MI.:University of Michigan Press.
43. Dougherty,D. (1992). Interpretative barriers to successful product innovation in large firms.
44. Drucker,P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York:Harper & Row Publishers.
45. Dynamic capabilities and new product development in high technology ventures:an empirical analysis of new biotechnology firms. Journal of Business Venturing,15,211–229.
46. Eccles,G. and Nohria,N. (1992). Beyond the Hype:Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
47. Eisenhardt,K.M. (1989). Agency theory:an assessment and review. Academy of Management Review,14,57–74.
48. Eisenhardt,K.M. and Martin, J.A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities:what are they? Strategic Management Journal,21,1105–1121.
49. Evans Peter. Government Action,Social Capital and Development:Reviewing in the Evidence on Synergy. World Development.1996; Vo1.24, No 5:1119-1132
50. Fleming,C. (1998). High Concept:Don Simpson and the Hollywood Culture of Excess. New York:Doubleday.
51. Forrant,R. and Flynn,E.(1999). Skills,shop-floor participation and the transformation of Brimfield Precision:lessons from the revitalization of the metal-working sector. Industrial and Corporate Change,8,167–188.
52. Fowler,A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history:Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation?Third World Quarterly,21(4):637–654.
53. Fredrickson,J.W. (1984). The comprehensiveness of strategic decision processes: extension,observations,future directions. Academy of Management Journal,27,445–467.
54. Fukuyama Francis. Trust:Social Virtues and the creation of Prosperity. NewYork:Free PRESS,1995
55. Fukuyama Francis:Social Capital and the Global Economy. Foreign Affairs.1995;Vo1.74(5):89-103
56. Galunic, D.C. and Eisenhardt,K.M. (2001). Architectural innovation and modular corporate forms. Academy of Management Journal,44,1229–1250.
57. Gartner,W. B. (1988). Who is an entrepreneur? is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business,12(4):11–32.
58. George,G. (2005). Learning to be capable:patenting and licensing at the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation 1925–2002. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,119–151.
59. Gibson,C.B. and Birkinshaw,J. (2004). The antecedents,consequences,and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal,47(2),209–226.
60. Gorecki,P.K. (1975). An interindustry analysis of diversification in the U.K. manufacturing sector. Journal of Industrial Economics,24,131–146.
61. Grameen Communications. (2004). Grameen:Banking for the poor. Retrieved 19 January, 2004,from http://www.grameen-info.org/.
62. Griffith,D.A. and Harvey,M.G. (2001). A resource perspective of global dynamic capabilities. Journal of International Business Studies,32,597–606.
63. Gurisatti,P.,Soli,V. and Tattara,G. (1997). Patterns of diffusion of new technologies in small metalworking firms: the case of an Italian region.Industrial and Corporate Change,6,275–312.
64. Henderson,R. and Clark,K. (1990). Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms.Administrative Science Quarterly,35(1), 9–30.
65. Henderson,R. and Cockburn,I. (1994). Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal,15(Winter Special Issue),63–84.
66. Hibbert,S. A.,Hogg,G.,& Quinn,T. (2002).Consumer response to social entrepreneurship: The case of the big issue in Scotland. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,7(3):288–301.
67. Hooley,G.J.,Lynch,J.E. and Jobber,D. (1992).Generic marketing strategies. International Journal of Research in Marketing,9,75–89.
68. Hurley,R.F. and Hult,T.M. (1998). Innovation,market orientation,and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing,62,42–54.
69. John F.Helliwell,Robert D Putnam: Education and Social Capital,NBER Working Paper http://www.nber.org/papers/w7121
70. Johnson,S. (2000). Literature review on social entrepreneurship. Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship,16 pp.
71. Keil,T. (2004). Building external corporate venturing capability. Journal of Management Studies,41,799–825.
72. Kogut,B. and Zander,U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm,combinative capabilities,and the replication of technology. Organization Science,3,383–397.
73. Lampel,J. and Shamsie,J. (2003). Capabilities in motion: new organizational forms and the reshaping of the Hollywood movie industry. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 2189–2210.
74. Lazonick,W. and Prencipe,A. (2005). Dynamic capabilities and sustained innovation: strategic
75. Leadbetter,C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London:Demos.
76. Learned,E.P.,Christensen,C.R.,Andrews, K. and Guth,W.D. (1969). Business Policy: Text and learning. Organization Studies,25,1601–1621.
77. Lehrer,M. (2000). The organizational choice between evolutionary and revolutionary capability regimes: theory and evidence from European air transport.Industrial and Corporate Change,9,489–520.
78. Lemelin,A. (1982). Relatedness in the patterns of interindustry diversification. Review of Economics and Statistics,64,646–657.
79. Leonard-Barton,D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities:a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,13(Summer Special Issue),111–125.
80. Luo,Y. (2000). Dynamic capabilities in international expansion. Journal of World Business, 35,355–378.
81. MacDonald,J.M. (1985). R&D and the directions of diversification. Review of Economics and Statistics,67,583–590.
82. Majumdar,S.K. (1999). Sluggish giants,sticky cultures,and dynamic capability transformation.
83. Malerba,F.,Nelson,R.,Orsenigo,L. and Winter,S. (1999). ‘History-friendly’ models of industry.
84. Meyer,K.E. and Lieb-Doczy,E. (2003). Postacquisition restructuring as evolutionaryprocess.
85. Miles,R.E. and Snow,C.C. (1978). Organizational Strategy,Structure and Process. New York:
86. Miller,D. and Friesen,P.H. (1983). Strategy-making and environment:the third link. Strategic Management Journal,4,221–235.
87. Miller,D. and Shamsie,J. (1996). The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965. Academy of Management Journal,39,519–543.
88. Mintzberg,H. (1991). The effective organisation:Forces and forms. Sloan Management Journal,32(2):54–67.
89. Mort,G. S.,Weerawardena,J.,& Carnegie, K. (2003). Social entrepreneurship:Towards conceptualisation. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,8(1): 76–89.
90. Mosakowski,E. and McKelvey,B. (1997). Predicting rent generation in competence-based competition. In Heene,A. and Sanchez,R. (ed.),Competence-Based Strategic Management. Chichester.
91. Mota,J. and de Castro,L.M. (2004). A capabilities perspective on the evolution of firm boundaries:a comparative case example from the Portuguese moulds industry. Journal of Management Studies,41,295–316.
92. Nelson,R.R. (1991). Why do firms differ,and how does it matter? Strategic Management Journal,12(Winter Special Issue),61–74.
93. Nelson,R.R. and Winter,S.G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press.
94. Newbert,S.L. (2005). New firm formation:a dynamic capability perspective. Journal of Small Business Management,43(1),55–77.
95. Newman’s Own. (2005). The common good. Retrieved 4 June 2005 from http://www.newmansown.com/5_good.html.
96. Noda,T. and Collis,D.J. (2001). The evolution of intraindustry firm heterogeneity: insights from a process study. Academy of Management Journal,44,897–925.
97. Oktemgil,M. and Gordon,G. (1997). Consequences of high and low adaptive capability in UK companies. European Journal of Marketing,31(7),445–466.
98. Pavitt,K. (1991). Key characteristics of the large innovating firm. British Journal of Management,2,41–50.
99. Peredo,A. M. (2003). Emerging strategies against poverty:The road less traveled. Journal of Management Inquiry,12(2):155–166.
100. Peredo,A. M.,& Chrisman,J. J. (2006). Toward a theory of community- based enterprise. Academy of Management Review,31(2):
101. Peterson,R. (1988). Understanding and encouraging entrepreneurshipenternationally. Journal of Small Business Management,26(2):1–8.
102. Petroni,A. (1998). The analysis of dynamic capabilities in a competence-oriented organization. Technovation,18(3),179–189.
103. Pierre Bourdieu, Loic Wacquant. Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1992
104. Pierre Bourdieu. The forms of capital(R. Nice,Trans.).Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York:Greenwood Press,1986:241-258
105. Pisano,G.P. (2000). In search of dynamic capabilities:the origins of R&D competence in biopharmaceuticals.In Dosi,G.,Nelson,R.R. and Winter,S.G. (eds),The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
106. Pomerantz,M. (2003). The business of social entrepreneurship in a ‘‘down economy’’. In Business,25(3): 25–30.
107. Portes,A. (1998). Social capital:Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology,24(1):1–24.
108. Prahalad,C.V. and Hamel,G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business
109. Putnam, Robert. Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital,Journal Democracy. 1995;Vo1.6:65-78
110. Reis,T. (1999). Unleashing the new resources and entrepreneurship for the common good: A scan,synthesis and scenario for action. Battle Creek, MI: W.K. Kellogg Foundation. 27 pp.
111. Review Panel on the Law of Negligence. (2002). Review of the Law of Negligence report. Canberra,Australia:Government of Australia. Salmon,M. H. (1995). Introduction to logic and critical thinking. Fort Worth:Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
112. Richardson,G.B. (1972). The organization of industry. Economic Journal,82,883–896.
113. Rindova,V.P. and Kotha, S. (2001). Continuous ‘morphing’:competing through dynamic capabilities,form,and function. Academy of Management Journal,44,1263–1280.
114. Robert Putnam. Making Democracy Work. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1993
115. Rothwell,R. (1977). The characteristics of successful innovators and technically progressive firms. R&D Management,7,191–206.
116. Salvato,C. (2003). The role of micro-strategies in the engineering of firm evolution. Journal of Management Studies,40(1),83–108.
117. Sanchez,R. (1995). Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal,16(Summer Special Issue),135–160.
118. Schatz,T. (1999). Boom and Bust:American Cinema in the 1940s. Berkeley,CA:University of CaliforniaPress.
119. Schumpeter,J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
120. Seelos,C.,& Mair,J. (2005a). Entrepreneurs in service of the poor—Models for business contributions to sustainable development. Business Horizons,48(3):241–246.
121. Singh,R. P. (2001). A comment on developing the field of entrepreneurship through the study of opportunity recognition and exploitation. Academy of Management Review,26(1):10–12.
122. Spanos,Y.E. and Lioukas,S. (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter’s competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective. Strategic ManagementJournal,22,907–934.
123. Staber,U. and Sydow,J. (2002). Organizational adaptive capacity:a structuration perspective. Journal of Management Inquiry,11,408–424.
124. Stevenson, H. H.,& Jarillo,C. J. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal,11(Special Summer Issue):17–28.
125. Stevenson,H. H.,Roberts,M. J.,& Grousbeck, H. I. (1989). New business ventures and the entrepreneur. Homewood,IL:Irwin.
126. Stewart,J.F.,Harris,R.S. and Carleton,W.T. (1984). The role of market structure in mergerbehavior. Journal of Industrial Economics,32,293–312.
127. Subramanian, A. and Nilakanta, S. (1996). Organizational innovativeness:exploring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance. Omega, 24, 631–641.
128. Tallman,S. (2003). Dynamic capabilities. In Faulkner,D.O. and Campbell,A. (eds),The Oxford Handbook of Strategy:Volume 1:A Strategy Overview and Competitive Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
129. Tan,W.-L.,Williams,J.,andTan,T.-M. (2003). What is the ‘social’ in‘social entrepreneurship’? In Proceedings of the 48th World International Conference for Small Business.
130. Taylor,N.,Hobbs,R.,Nilsson,F.,(2000). The rise of the term social entrepreneurship in print publications. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research:proceedings of the annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference,466.
131. Teece,D.J. (1980). Economics of scope and the scope of an enterprise. Journal of Economic Behaviorand Organization,1,223–247.
132. Teece,D.J. (1982). An economic theory of multiproduct firms. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,3,39–63.
133. Teece,D.J.,Pisano,G. and Schuen,A. (1992). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management.
134. Teece,D.J.,Pisano,G. and Schuen,A. (1997).Dynamic capabilities and strategic management.
135. Teng,B.S. and Cummings,J.L. (2002). Trade-offs in managing resources and capabilities. Academy of Management Executive,16(2),81–91.
136. The Big Issue Foundation. (2004). About us. Retrieved 19 January 2004 from http://www.bigissue.com/selling.html.
137. The Northland Institute. (2001). What is ‘‘social enterprise’’. Retrieved 19 January 2004 from http://northlandinst.org/SocialEnt. cfm.
138. The Schwab Foundation. (2002). Outstanding social entrepreneurs 2002. Geneva, Switzerland: The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship,p. 56.
139. The Social Enterprise Program News. (2003). Mission branding:Hirshberg on using business to change the world. Retrieved 3 March 2004 from http://www1.gsb.columbia.edu/socialenterprise/news/031112_hirshberg.html.
140. Thomas,H. and Pollock,T. (1999). From I-O Economics’ S-C-P paradigm through strategic groupsto competence-based competition:reflections on the puzzle of competitive strategy. British Journal of Management,10,127–140.
141. Thompson,J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. International Journal of Public Sector Management,15(5):412–431.
142. Tripsas,M. (1997). Surviving radical technological change through dynamic capabilities: evidence from the typesetter industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,6,341–377.
143. Tsai,W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal,44, 996–1004.
144. Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research:An editor’s perspective. In Katz, J.,andBrockhaus, R. Eds. Advances in entrepreneurship,firmemergence,and growth.Vol. 3 (pp.119–138). JAI Press:Greenwich,CT.
145. Wang,C.L. and Ahmed,P.K. (2004). The development and validation of the organisational innovativeness construct using confirmatory factor analysis.European Journal of Innovation Management,7(4),303–313.
146. Wasko,J. (1982). Movies and Money:Financing the American Film Industry. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.Wernerfelt,B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal,5,795–815.
147. Wernerfelt,B. (1989). From critical resources to corporate strategy. Journal of General Management,14,4–12.
148. Williamson,O.E. (1991). Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic Management Journal,12(Winter Special Issue),75–94.
149. Winter,S.G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24,991–995.
150. Woiceshyn,J. and Daellenbach,U. (2005). Integrative capability and technology adoption: evidence from oil firm. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,307–342.
151. Zahra,S.A. and George,G. (2002). Absorptive capacity:a review,reconceptualization,and extension. Academy of Management Review,27(2),185–203.
152. Zollo,M. and Winter,S. (2002). Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization Science,13, 339–351.
153. Zott,C. (2003). Dynamic capabilities and the emergence of intraindustry differential firm performance:insights from a simulation study. Strategic Management Journal,24,97–125.
154. 陈卓勇,2006,《基于动态匹配的组织特征、能力结构与绩效表现研究》,浙江大学博士学位论文。
155. 韩文辉、吴威威,2000,国外企业创业文化理论主要流派述评,《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》,2(4),pp:121-125。
156. 刘学方、王重鸣、唐宁玉、朱健、倪宁,2006,家族企业接班人胜任力建模——一个实证研究,《管理世界》,第 5 期,pp:96-106。
157. 苗青、王重鸣,2003,基于企业竞争力的企业家胜任力模型,《中国地质大学学报》,第3 期,pp:18-24。
158. 王重鸣,2004,《心理学研究方法》,第二版,北京,人民教育出版社。
159. 王重鸣、陈民科,2002,管理胜任力特征分析:结构方程模型检验,《心理科学》,第25 卷,第 5 期。
160. 杨正宇 王重鸣 谢小云(2003),团队共享心理模型研究新进展,人类工效学,2003 年
9 月 第 9 卷第 3 期 pp34-37
161. 石金涛、唐宁玉、顾琴轩(2003,培训与开发, 北京 中国人民大学出版社
162. 石金涛、顾琴轩、唐宁玉(1999),现代人力资源开发与管理,上海:上海交通大学出版社
163. 边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2): 87-207
164. 边燕杰.公司的社会资本及其对公司业绩的影响:社会网络分析,载中国企业管理的前沿研究.北京:北京大学出版社.2004
165. 池仁勇. 美日创业环境比较研究.外国经济与管理,2002,24(9):13 - 19.
166. 丁岳枫.创业组织学习与创业绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文, 2006
167. 龚自周.电子商务创业压力及其对创业绩效影响研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
168. 郭志纲著.社会统计分析方法--SPSS 软件应用.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999
169. 候杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构议程模型及其应用.教育科学出版社.2004
170. 候杰泰,成子娟.结构方程模型应用及分析策略,心理学探新,1999, (19):54-59
171. 林强,姜彦福,张健.创业理论及其架构分析.经济研究,2001(9):85-94
172. 刘敏,奂平清.论社会资本理论研究的拓展及问题.甘肃社会科学.2003.5
173. 罗家德,赵延东.社会资本的层次及其测量方法.2004
174. 马可一、王重鸣.中国创业背景中的信任.南开管理评论.2004(7):41-46
175. 吴东晓.创业社会胜任力结构模型与绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
176. 武志伟.企业社会资本的内涵和功能研究.软科学,2003,5,17:19-21
177. 王革,张玉利,吴利达.企业社会资本静态与动态分析.天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(1):16-37
178. 谢洪明,金占明,陈盛松.产业集群、企业行为与企业竞争力的实证研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2005(5):90-95
179. 杨鹏鹏,万迪方,王廷丽.企业家社会资本及其与企业绩效的关系.当代经济科学.2005(27)4:85-91
180. 张炜.中小高技术企业创业知识资本与成长绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
181. 张炜,王重鸣.中小高科技企业创业者组合模式与胜任特征研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(3):90-93
182. 张玉利,陈寒松,李乾文.创业管理与传统管理的差异与融合.外国经济与管理,2004,26: 2-7
183. 张其仔.社会资本的投资策略与企业绩效.经济管理,2004,(16):58-63
184. 周小虎.企业家社会资本及其对企业绩效的作用.安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(1):1-6
1. Alejandro Portes. The Economic Sociology for Immigration:Essays on Networks,Ethnicity and Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship. New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1995
2. Alvarez,V.S. and Merino,T.G. (2003). The history of organizational renewal:evolutionary models of Spanish savings and loans institutions. Organization Studies,24,1437–1461.
3. Alvord,S. H.,Brown,L. D.,& Letts,C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation. Journal of Applied BehavioralScience,40(3):260–282.
4. Amit,R. and Schoemaker,P.J.H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal,14,33–46.
5. Anderson,B. B.,& Dees,J. G. (2002). Developing viable earned income strategies. In J. G. Dees,J. Emerson,和 P. Economy (Eds.),Strategic tools for social entrepreneurs: Enhancing the performance of your enterprising nonprofit. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6. Andrews,K. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Homewood,Corporate Strategy. New York:McGraw-Hill.
7. Athreye,S.S. (2005). The Indian software industry and its evolving service capability. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,393–418.
8. Barney,J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management,17,99–120.
9. Barney,J.B. (2001a). Is the resource-based ‘view’ a useful perspective for strategic management
10. Barney, J.B. (2001b). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: a ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27, 643–650.
11. Barney,J.B.,Wright,M. and Ketchen,D. Jr. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm:ten years after 1991. Journal of Management,27,625–641.
12. Boschee,J. (1995). Social entrepreneurship. Across the Board,32(3):20–25
13. Bowles,Samuel and Herbert Gintis. The Determinants of Individual Earning:Cognitive Skills,Personality and Schooling.(1998)working paper.
14. Brady,T. and Davies,A. (2004). Building project capabilities:from exploratory to exploitative
15. Busenitz,L. W.,West,G. P.,III,Shepherd,D.,Nelson,T.,Chandler,G. N.,& Zacharakis, A.(2003). Entrepreneurship research in emergence:Past trends and future directions. Journal of Management,29(3):285–308.
16. Camuffo,A. and Volpato,G. (1996). Dynamic capabilities and manufacturing automation: organizational learning in the Italian automobile industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,5, 813–838.
17. Capabilities perspective. Journal of International Business Studies,31(2),325–335.
18. Capon,N.,Farley,J.U.,Hulbert,J. and Lehmann,D.R. (1992). Profiles of product innovators among large US manufacturers. Management Science,38,157–169.
19. Chakravarthy,B.S. (1982). Adaptation:a promising metaphor for strategic management. Academy of Management Review,7(1),35–44.
20. Chandler,A.D. (1990). Scale and Scope:The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
21. Chen,C.J. (2004). The effects of knowledge attribute,alliance characteristics,and absorptive capacity on knowledge transfer performance. R&D Management,34,311–321.
22. Christopherson,S. and Storper,M. (1989). The effects of flexible specialization of industrial politics and the labor market:the motion picture industry. Industrial and Labor Relations Review,42,331–347.
23. Clark,K.B. and Fujimoto,T. (1991). Product Development Performance:Strategy,Organization,and Management in the World Auto Industry. Boston,MA:Harvard Business School Press.
24. Cockburn,I.,Henderson,R. and Stern,S. (2000). Untangling the origins of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal,21,1123–1145.
25. Cohen,M.D. and Levinthal,D.A. (1990). Absorptive capacity:a new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,35,128–152.
26. Coleman,James .Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1990
27. Collis,D.J. (1994). Research note:how valuable are organizational capabilities? Strategic Management Journal,15(Winter Special Issue),143–152.
28. Cone,C. L.,Feldman,M. A.,& DaSilva,A. T. (2003b). Causes and effects. Harvard Business Review,81(7):95–103.
29. Conner,K. (1991). Historical comparison of resourcebased theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics:do we have a newtheory of the firm? Journal of Management,17,121–154.
30. D’Aveni,R.A. (1994). Hypercompetition:Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Manoeuvring. New York:Free Press.
31. D’Este,P. (2002). The distinctive patterns of capabilities accumulation and inter-firm heterogeneity:the case of the Spanish pharmaceutical industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,11,847–874.
32. Daneels,E. (2002). The dynamics of product innovation and firm competences. Strategic Management Journal,23,1095–1121.
33. Davis,T. (1997). The NGO business hybrid:Is the private sector the answer? Baltimore,MD:Johns Hopkins University.
34. Day,G.S. and Wensley,R. (1988). Assessing advantage:a framework for diagnosing competitive superiority. Journal of Marketing,52,1–20.
35. Dees,J. G. (1998). The meaning of ‘‘social entrepreneurship’’. Stanford University:Draft Report for the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership,6 pp.
36. Dees,J. G.,and Elias,J. (1998). The challenges of combining social and commercial enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly,8(1):165–178.
37. Delmas,M.A. (1999). Exposing strategic assets to create new competencies:the case of technological acquisition in the waste management industry in Europe and North America. Industrial and Corporate Change,8,635–650.
38. DeVany,A. and Walls, W. (1991). Motion picture anti-trust: the Paramount cases revisited. Research in Law and Economics,14,51–112.
39. Dierickx,I. and Cool,K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science,35,1504–1511.
40. Dosi, G. (1988a). Sources,procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature,26,1120–1171.
41. Dosi,G. (1988b). The nature of the innovative process. In Gosi,G.,Freeman,C.,Nelson, R.,Silverberg,G. and Soete,L. (eds),Technical Change and EconomicTheory. London: Pinter.
42. Dosi,G. and Marengo,L. (1993). Some elements of an evolutionary theory of organizational competences. In England, R.W. (ed.), Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics.AnnArbor,MI.:University of Michigan Press.
43. Dougherty,D. (1992). Interpretative barriers to successful product innovation in large firms.
44. Drucker,P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York:Harper & Row Publishers.
45. Dynamic capabilities and new product development in high technology ventures:an empirical analysis of new biotechnology firms. Journal of Business Venturing,15,211–229.
46. Eccles,G. and Nohria,N. (1992). Beyond the Hype:Rediscovering the Essence of Management. Boston:Harvard Business School Press.
47. Eisenhardt,K.M. (1989). Agency theory:an assessment and review. Academy of Management Review,14,57–74.
48. Eisenhardt,K.M. and Martin, J.A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities:what are they? Strategic Management Journal,21,1105–1121.
49. Evans Peter. Government Action,Social Capital and Development:Reviewing in the Evidence on Synergy. World Development.1996; Vo1.24, No 5:1119-1132
50. Fleming,C. (1998). High Concept:Don Simpson and the Hollywood Culture of Excess. New York:Doubleday.
51. Forrant,R. and Flynn,E.(1999). Skills,shop-floor participation and the transformation of Brimfield Precision:lessons from the revitalization of the metal-working sector. Industrial and Corporate Change,8,167–188.
52. Fowler,A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history:Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation?Third World Quarterly,21(4):637–654.
53. Fredrickson,J.W. (1984). The comprehensiveness of strategic decision processes: extension,observations,future directions. Academy of Management Journal,27,445–467.
54. Fukuyama Francis. Trust:Social Virtues and the creation of Prosperity. NewYork:Free PRESS,1995
55. Fukuyama Francis:Social Capital and the Global Economy. Foreign Affairs.1995;Vo1.74(5):89-103
56. Galunic, D.C. and Eisenhardt,K.M. (2001). Architectural innovation and modular corporate forms. Academy of Management Journal,44,1229–1250.
57. Gartner,W. B. (1988). Who is an entrepreneur? is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business,12(4):11–32.
58. George,G. (2005). Learning to be capable:patenting and licensing at the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation 1925–2002. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,119–151.
59. Gibson,C.B. and Birkinshaw,J. (2004). The antecedents,consequences,and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal,47(2),209–226.
60. Gorecki,P.K. (1975). An interindustry analysis of diversification in the U.K. manufacturing sector. Journal of Industrial Economics,24,131–146.
61. Grameen Communications. (2004). Grameen:Banking for the poor. Retrieved 19 January, 2004,from http://www.grameen-info.org/.
62. Griffith,D.A. and Harvey,M.G. (2001). A resource perspective of global dynamic capabilities. Journal of International Business Studies,32,597–606.
63. Gurisatti,P.,Soli,V. and Tattara,G. (1997). Patterns of diffusion of new technologies in small metalworking firms: the case of an Italian region.Industrial and Corporate Change,6,275–312.
64. Henderson,R. and Clark,K. (1990). Architectural innovation: the reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms.Administrative Science Quarterly,35(1), 9–30.
65. Henderson,R. and Cockburn,I. (1994). Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research. Strategic Management Journal,15(Winter Special Issue),63–84.
66. Hibbert,S. A.,Hogg,G.,& Quinn,T. (2002).Consumer response to social entrepreneurship: The case of the big issue in Scotland. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,7(3):288–301.
67. Hooley,G.J.,Lynch,J.E. and Jobber,D. (1992).Generic marketing strategies. International Journal of Research in Marketing,9,75–89.
68. Hurley,R.F. and Hult,T.M. (1998). Innovation,market orientation,and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing,62,42–54.
69. John F.Helliwell,Robert D Putnam: Education and Social Capital,NBER Working Paper http://www.nber.org/papers/w7121
70. Johnson,S. (2000). Literature review on social entrepreneurship. Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship,16 pp.
71. Keil,T. (2004). Building external corporate venturing capability. Journal of Management Studies,41,799–825.
72. Kogut,B. and Zander,U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm,combinative capabilities,and the replication of technology. Organization Science,3,383–397.
73. Lampel,J. and Shamsie,J. (2003). Capabilities in motion: new organizational forms and the reshaping of the Hollywood movie industry. Journal of Management Studies, 40, 2189–2210.
74. Lazonick,W. and Prencipe,A. (2005). Dynamic capabilities and sustained innovation: strategic
75. Leadbetter,C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur. London:Demos.
76. Learned,E.P.,Christensen,C.R.,Andrews, K. and Guth,W.D. (1969). Business Policy: Text and learning. Organization Studies,25,1601–1621.
77. Lehrer,M. (2000). The organizational choice between evolutionary and revolutionary capability regimes: theory and evidence from European air transport.Industrial and Corporate Change,9,489–520.
78. Lemelin,A. (1982). Relatedness in the patterns of interindustry diversification. Review of Economics and Statistics,64,646–657.
79. Leonard-Barton,D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities:a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal,13(Summer Special Issue),111–125.
80. Luo,Y. (2000). Dynamic capabilities in international expansion. Journal of World Business, 35,355–378.
81. MacDonald,J.M. (1985). R&D and the directions of diversification. Review of Economics and Statistics,67,583–590.
82. Majumdar,S.K. (1999). Sluggish giants,sticky cultures,and dynamic capability transformation.
83. Malerba,F.,Nelson,R.,Orsenigo,L. and Winter,S. (1999). ‘History-friendly’ models of industry.
84. Meyer,K.E. and Lieb-Doczy,E. (2003). Postacquisition restructuring as evolutionaryprocess.
85. Miles,R.E. and Snow,C.C. (1978). Organizational Strategy,Structure and Process. New York:
86. Miller,D. and Friesen,P.H. (1983). Strategy-making and environment:the third link. Strategic Management Journal,4,221–235.
87. Miller,D. and Shamsie,J. (1996). The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965. Academy of Management Journal,39,519–543.
88. Mintzberg,H. (1991). The effective organisation:Forces and forms. Sloan Management Journal,32(2):54–67.
89. Mort,G. S.,Weerawardena,J.,& Carnegie, K. (2003). Social entrepreneurship:Towards conceptualisation. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,8(1): 76–89.
90. Mosakowski,E. and McKelvey,B. (1997). Predicting rent generation in competence-based competition. In Heene,A. and Sanchez,R. (ed.),Competence-Based Strategic Management. Chichester.
91. Mota,J. and de Castro,L.M. (2004). A capabilities perspective on the evolution of firm boundaries:a comparative case example from the Portuguese moulds industry. Journal of Management Studies,41,295–316.
92. Nelson,R.R. (1991). Why do firms differ,and how does it matter? Strategic Management Journal,12(Winter Special Issue),61–74.
93. Nelson,R.R. and Winter,S.G. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press.
94. Newbert,S.L. (2005). New firm formation:a dynamic capability perspective. Journal of Small Business Management,43(1),55–77.
95. Newman’s Own. (2005). The common good. Retrieved 4 June 2005 from http://www.newmansown.com/5_good.html.
96. Noda,T. and Collis,D.J. (2001). The evolution of intraindustry firm heterogeneity: insights from a process study. Academy of Management Journal,44,897–925.
97. Oktemgil,M. and Gordon,G. (1997). Consequences of high and low adaptive capability in UK companies. European Journal of Marketing,31(7),445–466.
98. Pavitt,K. (1991). Key characteristics of the large innovating firm. British Journal of Management,2,41–50.
99. Peredo,A. M. (2003). Emerging strategies against poverty:The road less traveled. Journal of Management Inquiry,12(2):155–166.
100. Peredo,A. M.,& Chrisman,J. J. (2006). Toward a theory of community- based enterprise. Academy of Management Review,31(2):
101. Peterson,R. (1988). Understanding and encouraging entrepreneurshipenternationally. Journal of Small Business Management,26(2):1–8.
102. Petroni,A. (1998). The analysis of dynamic capabilities in a competence-oriented organization. Technovation,18(3),179–189.
103. Pierre Bourdieu, Loic Wacquant. Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1992
104. Pierre Bourdieu. The forms of capital(R. Nice,Trans.).Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. New York:Greenwood Press,1986:241-258
105. Pisano,G.P. (2000). In search of dynamic capabilities:the origins of R&D competence in biopharmaceuticals.In Dosi,G.,Nelson,R.R. and Winter,S.G. (eds),The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
106. Pomerantz,M. (2003). The business of social entrepreneurship in a ‘‘down economy’’. In Business,25(3): 25–30.
107. Portes,A. (1998). Social capital:Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology,24(1):1–24.
108. Prahalad,C.V. and Hamel,G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business
109. Putnam, Robert. Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital,Journal Democracy. 1995;Vo1.6:65-78
110. Reis,T. (1999). Unleashing the new resources and entrepreneurship for the common good: A scan,synthesis and scenario for action. Battle Creek, MI: W.K. Kellogg Foundation. 27 pp.
111. Review Panel on the Law of Negligence. (2002). Review of the Law of Negligence report. Canberra,Australia:Government of Australia. Salmon,M. H. (1995). Introduction to logic and critical thinking. Fort Worth:Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
112. Richardson,G.B. (1972). The organization of industry. Economic Journal,82,883–896.
113. Rindova,V.P. and Kotha, S. (2001). Continuous ‘morphing’:competing through dynamic capabilities,form,and function. Academy of Management Journal,44,1263–1280.
114. Robert Putnam. Making Democracy Work. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1993
115. Rothwell,R. (1977). The characteristics of successful innovators and technically progressive firms. R&D Management,7,191–206.
116. Salvato,C. (2003). The role of micro-strategies in the engineering of firm evolution. Journal of Management Studies,40(1),83–108.
117. Sanchez,R. (1995). Strategic flexibility in product competition. Strategic Management Journal,16(Summer Special Issue),135–160.
118. Schatz,T. (1999). Boom and Bust:American Cinema in the 1940s. Berkeley,CA:University of CaliforniaPress.
119. Schumpeter,J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge,MA: Harvard University Press.
120. Seelos,C.,& Mair,J. (2005a). Entrepreneurs in service of the poor—Models for business contributions to sustainable development. Business Horizons,48(3):241–246.
121. Singh,R. P. (2001). A comment on developing the field of entrepreneurship through the study of opportunity recognition and exploitation. Academy of Management Review,26(1):10–12.
122. Spanos,Y.E. and Lioukas,S. (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter’s competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective. Strategic ManagementJournal,22,907–934.
123. Staber,U. and Sydow,J. (2002). Organizational adaptive capacity:a structuration perspective. Journal of Management Inquiry,11,408–424.
124. Stevenson, H. H.,& Jarillo,C. J. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal,11(Special Summer Issue):17–28.
125. Stevenson,H. H.,Roberts,M. J.,& Grousbeck, H. I. (1989). New business ventures and the entrepreneur. Homewood,IL:Irwin.
126. Stewart,J.F.,Harris,R.S. and Carleton,W.T. (1984). The role of market structure in mergerbehavior. Journal of Industrial Economics,32,293–312.
127. Subramanian, A. and Nilakanta, S. (1996). Organizational innovativeness:exploring the relationship between organizational determinants of innovation, types of innovations, and measures of organizational performance. Omega, 24, 631–641.
128. Tallman,S. (2003). Dynamic capabilities. In Faulkner,D.O. and Campbell,A. (eds),The Oxford Handbook of Strategy:Volume 1:A Strategy Overview and Competitive Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
129. Tan,W.-L.,Williams,J.,andTan,T.-M. (2003). What is the ‘social’ in‘social entrepreneurship’? In Proceedings of the 48th World International Conference for Small Business.
130. Taylor,N.,Hobbs,R.,Nilsson,F.,(2000). The rise of the term social entrepreneurship in print publications. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research:proceedings of the annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference,466.
131. Teece,D.J. (1980). Economics of scope and the scope of an enterprise. Journal of Economic Behaviorand Organization,1,223–247.
132. Teece,D.J. (1982). An economic theory of multiproduct firms. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,3,39–63.
133. Teece,D.J.,Pisano,G. and Schuen,A. (1992). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management.
134. Teece,D.J.,Pisano,G. and Schuen,A. (1997).Dynamic capabilities and strategic management.
135. Teng,B.S. and Cummings,J.L. (2002). Trade-offs in managing resources and capabilities. Academy of Management Executive,16(2),81–91.
136. The Big Issue Foundation. (2004). About us. Retrieved 19 January 2004 from http://www.bigissue.com/selling.html.
137. The Northland Institute. (2001). What is ‘‘social enterprise’’. Retrieved 19 January 2004 from http://northlandinst.org/SocialEnt. cfm.
138. The Schwab Foundation. (2002). Outstanding social entrepreneurs 2002. Geneva, Switzerland: The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship,p. 56.
139. The Social Enterprise Program News. (2003). Mission branding:Hirshberg on using business to change the world. Retrieved 3 March 2004 from http://www1.gsb.columbia.edu/socialenterprise/news/031112_hirshberg.html.
140. Thomas,H. and Pollock,T. (1999). From I-O Economics’ S-C-P paradigm through strategic groupsto competence-based competition:reflections on the puzzle of competitive strategy. British Journal of Management,10,127–140.
141. Thompson,J. L. (2002). The world of the social entrepreneur. International Journal of Public Sector Management,15(5):412–431.
142. Tripsas,M. (1997). Surviving radical technological change through dynamic capabilities: evidence from the typesetter industry. Industrial and Corporate Change,6,341–377.
143. Tsai,W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal,44, 996–1004.
144. Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research:An editor’s perspective. In Katz, J.,andBrockhaus, R. Eds. Advances in entrepreneurship,firmemergence,and growth.Vol. 3 (pp.119–138). JAI Press:Greenwich,CT.
145. Wang,C.L. and Ahmed,P.K. (2004). The development and validation of the organisational innovativeness construct using confirmatory factor analysis.European Journal of Innovation Management,7(4),303–313.
146. Wasko,J. (1982). Movies and Money:Financing the American Film Industry. Norwood, NJ:Ablex.Wernerfelt,B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal,5,795–815.
147. Wernerfelt,B. (1989). From critical resources to corporate strategy. Journal of General Management,14,4–12.
148. Williamson,O.E. (1991). Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic Management Journal,12(Winter Special Issue),75–94.
149. Winter,S.G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24,991–995.
150. Woiceshyn,J. and Daellenbach,U. (2005). Integrative capability and technology adoption: evidence from oil firm. Industrial and Corporate Change,14,307–342.
151. Zahra,S.A. and George,G. (2002). Absorptive capacity:a review,reconceptualization,and extension. Academy of Management Review,27(2),185–203.
152. Zollo,M. and Winter,S. (2002). Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organization Science,13, 339–351.
153. Zott,C. (2003). Dynamic capabilities and the emergence of intraindustry differential firm performance:insights from a simulation study. Strategic Management Journal,24,97–125.
154. 陈卓勇,2006,《基于动态匹配的组织特征、能力结构与绩效表现研究》,浙江大学博士学位论文。
155. 韩文辉、吴威威,2000,国外企业创业文化理论主要流派述评,《哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版)》,2(4),pp:121-125。
156. 刘学方、王重鸣、唐宁玉、朱健、倪宁,2006,家族企业接班人胜任力建模——一个实证研究,《管理世界》,第 5 期,pp:96-106。
157. 苗青、王重鸣,2003,基于企业竞争力的企业家胜任力模型,《中国地质大学学报》,第3 期,pp:18-24。
158. 王重鸣,2004,《心理学研究方法》,第二版,北京,人民教育出版社。
159. 王重鸣、陈民科,2002,管理胜任力特征分析:结构方程模型检验,《心理科学》,第25 卷,第 5 期。
160. 杨正宇 王重鸣 谢小云(2003),团队共享心理模型研究新进展,人类工效学,2003 年
9 月 第 9 卷第 3 期 pp34-37
161. 石金涛、唐宁玉、顾琴轩(2003,培训与开发, 北京 中国人民大学出版社
162. 石金涛、顾琴轩、唐宁玉(1999),现代人力资源开发与管理,上海:上海交通大学出版社
163. 边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效.中国社会科学,2000,(2): 87-207
164. 边燕杰.公司的社会资本及其对公司业绩的影响:社会网络分析,载中国企业管理的前沿研究.北京:北京大学出版社.2004
165. 池仁勇. 美日创业环境比较研究.外国经济与管理,2002,24(9):13 - 19.
166. 丁岳枫.创业组织学习与创业绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文, 2006
167. 龚自周.电子商务创业压力及其对创业绩效影响研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
168. 郭志纲著.社会统计分析方法--SPSS 软件应用.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999
169. 候杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构议程模型及其应用.教育科学出版社.2004
170. 候杰泰,成子娟.结构方程模型应用及分析策略,心理学探新,1999, (19):54-59
171. 林强,姜彦福,张健.创业理论及其架构分析.经济研究,2001(9):85-94
172. 刘敏,奂平清.论社会资本理论研究的拓展及问题.甘肃社会科学.2003.5
173. 罗家德,赵延东.社会资本的层次及其测量方法.2004
174. 马可一、王重鸣.中国创业背景中的信任.南开管理评论.2004(7):41-46
175. 吴东晓.创业社会胜任力结构模型与绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
176. 武志伟.企业社会资本的内涵和功能研究.软科学,2003,5,17:19-21
177. 王革,张玉利,吴利达.企业社会资本静态与动态分析.天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(1):16-37
178. 谢洪明,金占明,陈盛松.产业集群、企业行为与企业竞争力的实证研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2005(5):90-95
179. 杨鹏鹏,万迪方,王廷丽.企业家社会资本及其与企业绩效的关系.当代经济科学.2005(27)4:85-91
180. 张炜.中小高技术企业创业知识资本与成长绩效关系研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
181. 张炜,王重鸣.中小高科技企业创业者组合模式与胜任特征研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(3):90-93
182. 张玉利,陈寒松,李乾文.创业管理与传统管理的差异与融合.外国经济与管理,2004,26: 2-7
183. 张其仔.社会资本的投资策略与企业绩效.经济管理,2004,(16):58-63
184. 周小虎.企业家社会资本及其对企业绩效的作用.安徽师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(1):1-6