白英抗肿瘤活性成分研究
|
摘要
白英,别名“白毛藤”,来源于茄科植物白英Solanum lyratum Thunb.的全草,味苦、辛,性微寒,归肝、胆经,具有清热解毒、祛风化痰、利湿退黄、抗癌的功能,为常用抗癌中草药。
研究内容分为白英的组分分离,白英组分对小鼠移植性肿瘤作用的体内抗肿瘤实验,白英有效部位的化学研究,有效部位及单体的体外抗肿瘤活性筛选,白英单味药质量标准的制定五个部分。
通过大孔树脂柱对白英醇提液进行粗分离,富集到白英的两类主要化学成分-白英总甾体皂苷(SLTG)部位和白英总甾体生物碱(SLTA)部位。对SLTG部位、SLTA部位及二者的配伍进行小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤及艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)体内抗癌活性研究。结果显示SLTA部位对小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤及艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)均有很好的抑瘤效果,尤以中剂量组的抑瘤效果最为明显;SLTG部位只有中剂量组对小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤有一定的抑制作用;两部位配伍的抑瘤效果反而弱于将二者分开时的抑瘤效果,因此SLTA部位为白英抗肿瘤的主要药效部位,对该部位进行系统的化学研究。运用硅胶柱色谱法、氧化铝柱色谱法及薄层色谱法等方法,对白英抗肿瘤主要药效部位的化学成分进行系统研究,从该部位分离到6个单体化合物。经理化性质、薄层鉴别、NMR图谱、MS谱及文献比对确定6个化合物分别为雅姆皂苷元、薯蓣皂苷元、澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄二烯、木糖基苦茄碱及木糖基澳洲茄边碱,其中澳洲茄碱的得率最高。利用MTT法对SLTA部位及得率最高的澳洲茄碱单体进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选,选取的细胞瘤株为人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402、人肺癌细胞株A-549、人直肠癌细胞株HCT-8。结果SLTA部位在剂量为50μg·mL~(-1)时,对A-549细胞株的生长有一定的抑制作用;澳洲茄碱对上述三种细胞瘤株没有抑制作用,对BEL-7402细胞株生长反而有微弱的促进作用。利用比色法以澳洲茄碱为对照品测定SLTA部位中总生物碱的含量并进行方法学考察,结果所建立的方法可靠、可行,该部位以澳洲茄碱计总生物碱含量为51.18%;薄层色谱法以雅姆皂苷元、澳洲茄碱为对照品对SLTA部位进行定性鉴别,从而为白英单味药材制定了部分质量标准。
The whole plant of Solarium lyratum Thunb is called "baimaoteng" in clinical application which property is cool, flavor is bitter and goes back to liver and guts meridian. It has effect on heat-clearing and detoxicating, dispelling wind-evil and dissipate phlegm, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, anticancer etc. It's often used as a remedy for various cancers.
The content of this text composed of five parts which are separation of chemial composition of Solarium lyratum Thunb, the antitumous effect of Solarium lyratum Thunb's chemial composotion on portability tumous of mouse in vivo, studying on the chemical constituent of main antitumous chemial composotion, competent screening in main antitumous chemial composition and compound by experiment in vitro, formulating part quality specification for Solarium lyratum Thunb.
Through macroporous resin to enrich two main constituent of Solarium lyratum Thunb's alcohol extraction to get Solanum Lyratum Total Glycosides (SLTG) composition and Solanum Lyratum Total Alkaloid (SLTA) composition. Then by pharmacodynamic action research in vivo to find main antitumous chemial composotion, this text chose portability tumous of mouse which are S_(180) and EAC malignant cell strains as indexes to decide the antitumous effect of SLTG, SLTA, SLTG and SLTA compatibility, total extraction of Solanum Lyratum. The result show that SLTA composition has obvious antitumous effect on S_(180) and EAC, especially the mid dose experiment group has obvious antitumous effect; the mid dose group of SLTG composition has antitumous effect, other experimental groups have no antitumous effect. It's worth noting that the rate of antitumous of SLTG composition and SLTA composition compatibility experimental groups are lower than SLTG composition and SLTA composition separating experimental groups. From the pharmacodynamic action research in vivo SLTA is the main antitumous composition, so do chemical research about it. Through silica gel column chromatograph, aluminium oxidehe column chromatograph and thin layer chromatography (TLC) obtain 6 compounds from SLTA, by the aid of physico-chemical property, TLC, NMR spectrum, MS spectrum and literature to definite their constitutional formula. They are yamogenin, diosgenin, solasonine, solasodiene, xylosyl-solamarine, xylosyl-solamarine, among them solasonine has a highly yield. Utilizing MTT method to do antitumous research in vitro about SLTA and compounds, this text chose BEL-7402, A-549 and HCT-8 malignant cell strains of person. The result show that when SLTA's concentration is 50ug·mL~(-1), it has effect on A-549, but other three low concentration have no effect; Solasonine has no effect on three malignant cell strains; on the contrary, it hastenes the growth of BEL-7402 malignant cell strains. Then formulate part quality standard for Solarium lyratum Thunb. Use colorimetric method to determine the Steroid alkaloid content of SLTA with solasonine as standard substance, the result is 51.18%. Use TLC to formulate qualitation discrimination with solasonine and yamogenin as standard substance.
研究内容分为白英的组分分离,白英组分对小鼠移植性肿瘤作用的体内抗肿瘤实验,白英有效部位的化学研究,有效部位及单体的体外抗肿瘤活性筛选,白英单味药质量标准的制定五个部分。
通过大孔树脂柱对白英醇提液进行粗分离,富集到白英的两类主要化学成分-白英总甾体皂苷(SLTG)部位和白英总甾体生物碱(SLTA)部位。对SLTG部位、SLTA部位及二者的配伍进行小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤及艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)体内抗癌活性研究。结果显示SLTA部位对小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤及艾氏腹水瘤(EAC)均有很好的抑瘤效果,尤以中剂量组的抑瘤效果最为明显;SLTG部位只有中剂量组对小鼠移植性肿瘤S_(180)肉瘤有一定的抑制作用;两部位配伍的抑瘤效果反而弱于将二者分开时的抑瘤效果,因此SLTA部位为白英抗肿瘤的主要药效部位,对该部位进行系统的化学研究。运用硅胶柱色谱法、氧化铝柱色谱法及薄层色谱法等方法,对白英抗肿瘤主要药效部位的化学成分进行系统研究,从该部位分离到6个单体化合物。经理化性质、薄层鉴别、NMR图谱、MS谱及文献比对确定6个化合物分别为雅姆皂苷元、薯蓣皂苷元、澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄二烯、木糖基苦茄碱及木糖基澳洲茄边碱,其中澳洲茄碱的得率最高。利用MTT法对SLTA部位及得率最高的澳洲茄碱单体进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选,选取的细胞瘤株为人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402、人肺癌细胞株A-549、人直肠癌细胞株HCT-8。结果SLTA部位在剂量为50μg·mL~(-1)时,对A-549细胞株的生长有一定的抑制作用;澳洲茄碱对上述三种细胞瘤株没有抑制作用,对BEL-7402细胞株生长反而有微弱的促进作用。利用比色法以澳洲茄碱为对照品测定SLTA部位中总生物碱的含量并进行方法学考察,结果所建立的方法可靠、可行,该部位以澳洲茄碱计总生物碱含量为51.18%;薄层色谱法以雅姆皂苷元、澳洲茄碱为对照品对SLTA部位进行定性鉴别,从而为白英单味药材制定了部分质量标准。
The whole plant of Solarium lyratum Thunb is called "baimaoteng" in clinical application which property is cool, flavor is bitter and goes back to liver and guts meridian. It has effect on heat-clearing and detoxicating, dispelling wind-evil and dissipate phlegm, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, anticancer etc. It's often used as a remedy for various cancers.
The content of this text composed of five parts which are separation of chemial composition of Solarium lyratum Thunb, the antitumous effect of Solarium lyratum Thunb's chemial composotion on portability tumous of mouse in vivo, studying on the chemical constituent of main antitumous chemial composotion, competent screening in main antitumous chemial composition and compound by experiment in vitro, formulating part quality specification for Solarium lyratum Thunb.
Through macroporous resin to enrich two main constituent of Solarium lyratum Thunb's alcohol extraction to get Solanum Lyratum Total Glycosides (SLTG) composition and Solanum Lyratum Total Alkaloid (SLTA) composition. Then by pharmacodynamic action research in vivo to find main antitumous chemial composotion, this text chose portability tumous of mouse which are S_(180) and EAC malignant cell strains as indexes to decide the antitumous effect of SLTG, SLTA, SLTG and SLTA compatibility, total extraction of Solanum Lyratum. The result show that SLTA composition has obvious antitumous effect on S_(180) and EAC, especially the mid dose experiment group has obvious antitumous effect; the mid dose group of SLTG composition has antitumous effect, other experimental groups have no antitumous effect. It's worth noting that the rate of antitumous of SLTG composition and SLTA composition compatibility experimental groups are lower than SLTG composition and SLTA composition separating experimental groups. From the pharmacodynamic action research in vivo SLTA is the main antitumous composition, so do chemical research about it. Through silica gel column chromatograph, aluminium oxidehe column chromatograph and thin layer chromatography (TLC) obtain 6 compounds from SLTA, by the aid of physico-chemical property, TLC, NMR spectrum, MS spectrum and literature to definite their constitutional formula. They are yamogenin, diosgenin, solasonine, solasodiene, xylosyl-solamarine, xylosyl-solamarine, among them solasonine has a highly yield. Utilizing MTT method to do antitumous research in vitro about SLTA and compounds, this text chose BEL-7402, A-549 and HCT-8 malignant cell strains of person. The result show that when SLTA's concentration is 50ug·mL~(-1), it has effect on A-549, but other three low concentration have no effect; Solasonine has no effect on three malignant cell strains; on the contrary, it hastenes the growth of BEL-7402 malignant cell strains. Then formulate part quality standard for Solarium lyratum Thunb. Use colorimetric method to determine the Steroid alkaloid content of SLTA with solasonine as standard substance, the result is 51.18%. Use TLC to formulate qualitation discrimination with solasonine and yamogenin as standard substance.
引文
[1]徐树摘.《神农本草经》.石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1994.P21、P86
[2]粱·陶弘景.《本草经集注》.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994.P240、P314
[3]唐·苏敬.《唐本草》.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1981.P174、P235
[4]宋·唐慎徽.《证类本草》.北京:华夏出版社,1993.P176、P271
[5]明·车明珍.《本草纲目》上册.北京:人民卫生出版社,1985.P1322、P1051
[6]清·赵学敏.《本草纲目拾遗》.北京:人民卫生出版社,1986.10
[7]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典上册.上海:上海人民出版社,1997.
[8]张树人.白英与蜀羊泉的本草考证.中药材,2000,23(4):229
[9]祁振声,杨华生.白英与蜀羊泉原植物的补正.中药材,2001,24(7):516
[10]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志·第67卷1分册.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[11]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志·第24卷.北京:科学出版社,1988.
[12]张宏意,房志坚.白英及其混淆品寻骨风的显微鉴别.时珍国医国药,2005,16(4):337
[13]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(精编本).上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998.1726
[14]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(精编本).上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998.631
[15]Murakami K,Saijo R,Nohara T,et al.Studies on the constituents ofSolanum Plants.I.On the Constituents of the Stem Parts of Solanum lyratum Thunb.Yakugaku Zasshi,1981,101(3):275-279
[16]Yahara S,Murakami N,Yamasaki M,et al.A furostanol glucuronide from Solarium lyratum.Phytochemistry,1985,24(11):2748-2750
[17]Shoji Yahara,Naomi Murakami,Masaki Yamasaki,et al.Studies on the constituents of Solanum plants.Part 6.Furostanol glucuronide from Solanum lyratum.Phytochemistry,1985,22(11):2748
[18]Shoji Yahara,Mitsuyuki Morooka,Michiko Ikeda,et al.Two new steroidal glucuronides from Solanum lyratum.Ⅱ.PlantaMed,1986,52(6):496
[19]吉田键二茄属植物成分的研究,国外医学中医中药分册,1987,9(2):115
[20]Shoji Yahara,Michiko Ohtsuka,Kiniko Nakano,et al.Studies on the Constituents of Solanum Plants.ⅫⅠ.A New Steroidal Glucuronide from Chinese Solanum lyratum.Chem Pharm Bull,1989,3(7):1802
[21]Kang So Young,Sung Sang Hyun,Park Jong Hee,et al.A phenolic glucoside and steroidal sapogenins ofSolanum lyratum.Yakhah Hoeehi,2000,44(6):534
[22]Wen-cai Ye,Hao Wang,Shouxun Zhao,et al.Steroidal glycoside and glycoalkaloid from Solanum lyratum.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2001,29:421
[23]杨敬芝,郭贵明,周立新,丁恰.白英化学成分的研究.中国中药杂志,2002,27(1):42
[24]Yu SuMi,Kim Hyoung Ja,Woo Eun-Rhan,et al.Some sesquiterpenoids and 5a,8a-epidioxy-sterols from Solanum lyratum.Arch Pharmacal Res,1994,17(1):1
[25]杨宇.白毛藤在民族民间医药中的应用初探.中国民族民间医药杂志,1999,(40):275
[26]Yung-Yung Lee.Two New Soladulcidine Glycosides from Solanum lyratum.Chem Bull,1997,45(8):1381
[27]Kotaro Murakami,Hisataka Ezim,Yoshihisa Takaishi,et al.Studies on the Constituents of Solanum Plants.V.The Constituents ofSolanum lyratum Thunb.Ⅱ.Chem Pharm Bull,1985,33(1):67
[28]Kang So Young,Sang Hyun,Park Jong Hee,et al.Hepatoprotective activity of scopoletin,a constituent ofSolanum lyratum.Arch Pharmacal Res,1998,21(6):718
[29]Martin Weissenberg.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaliods and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solanum plants or glycosides thereform.Phytochemistry,2001,58:501
[30]Kupchan SM,Barboutis S J,Knox JR,et al.Beta-solamarine:tumor inhibitor isolated from Solanum dulcamara.Science,1965,150(705):1827
[31]#12
[32]施文荣,刘艳.白英对人急性早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞生长的影响.福建中医学院学报,2002,12(1):36
[33]孙立新,任靖,王敏伟,等.白英水提物抗肿瘤作用的初步研究.中草药,2006,37(1):98
[34]孙立新,任靖,王敏伟,等.白英抗肿瘤活性部位筛选.沈阳药科大学学报,2005,22(3):210
[35]任靖,冯国楠,王敏伟,等.白英总苷抗肿瘤作用初步研究.瘤防治研究,2006,33(4):262
[36]任靖,冯国楠,王敏伟,等.白英乙醇提取物抗肿瘤作用初步研究.中国中药杂志,2006,31(6):497
[37]单长民,胡娟娟,杜冠华.白英提取物诱导人肝癌BEL-7404细胞凋亡作用.中国临床药理学与治疗学,2001,6(3):200
[38]曹济远,谭湘陵.抗癌中药白毛藤对CHO细胞G2-PC染色体畸变的观察.现代应用药学,1988,6:1
[39]张永健,王耐勤,许树旭.复方中药注射液对人癌细胞体外杀伤效应及其对细胞周期的影响.中西医结合杂志,1989,7:416
[40]谢永芳,廖系晗,梁亦龙等.白英提取物的抗氧化作用研究.时珍国医国药,2006,17(6):899
[41]Bookyung Kang,Eunhee Lee,Insup Hong,et al.Abolition of anaphylactic shock by Solanum lyratum Thunb.Int.J.Immunopharmac.1997,19(11-12):729
[42]Kim H.M,Lee EJ.Solanum lyratum inhibits anaphylactic reaction and suppresses the expression of L - histidine decarboxylase Mrna.Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology,1998,20(1):135
[43]H.M.Kim,M.J.Kim,E.Li,et al.The nitric oxide-producing properties ofSolanum lyratum.Ethnopharmacol.1999,67(2):163-169
[44]崔建国,陈小军,孙志良.白毛藤生物碱的提取及体外抗菌活性研究.中兽医医药杂志,2004,5:41
[45]李佩文.《实用临床抗肿瘤中药》.辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.4
[46]谷善青,梁云燕,樊立人,等.复方白龙片对人胃癌细胞两条信号通路的调控.中西医结合杂志,1997,17(7):404
[47]陈虹.中草药与抗肿瘤新药研究.武警医学院学报,2003,12(4):247
[48]宋立强,李妍,倪殿涛,等.紫杉醇对肺腺癌细胞侵袭能力抑制作用的研究.中国新药与临床杂志,2004,23(8):535
[49]侯华新,黎丹戎,秦箐,等.黄芩黄酮A对人肝癌细胞7402的抑制能力及体外增效作用.中国临床药学杂志,2000,9(3):166
[50]Sharma H W,Sokoloski J A,Perez J R,et al.Differentiation of immortal cells inhibits telomerase activity.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92(12):343
[51]王薇,关桂梅,孟晓婷,等.红景天素对肝癌影响的实验研究.白求恩科大学学报,1997,23(1):20
[52]胡云,吴军正,陈建元.补骨脂素类药物宫颈鳞癌Hela细胞恶性表型的影响.中国中医药科技,1999,6(3):157
[53]韩建勋,吴军正,李焰,等.8-甲氧基补骨脂素对粘液表皮样癌细胞的抑制作用.实用口腔医学杂志,1998,14(4):286
[54]辛华雯,谢笔钧,曾繁典.聚酯型儿茶素诱导HL-60细胞凋亡.中国药理学通报,2001,17(4):427
[55]潘启超,田晖.多种中药单体逆转肿瘤多药耐药性.科学通报,1995,40(20):1901
[56]蒋礼年,陆杭双,李佩文.金艾康合并化学药物治疗肿瘤临床疗效观察.中国现代应用药学杂志,1999,16(3):59
[57]沈建伟,王明艳,赵凤鸣,等.两种中药复方拮抗环磷酰胺致突变作用的研究.癌变·畸变·突变,1999,11(1):38
[58]袁守军,韩锐.姜黄素的癌化学预防作用.国外医学·肿瘤学分册,1994,24(5):264
[59]Ambrosini G,Adida C,Altieri DC.A novel antiapotosisgene,survivin,expressed in cancer and lymphoma.NatMed,1997,3(8):917
[60]韦星,李朝敢,农嵩,等.白英提取液对Hela细胞凋亡及p53和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.右江民族医学院学报,2006,(5):714
[61]孙志良,崔建国,卢向阳,等.白毛藤生物碱对小鼠免疫功能及部分细胞因子mRNA 表达的影响.中国药学杂志,2005,40(22):1706
[62]刘春安,彭明.《抗癌中草药大辞典》.湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,1994
[63]匡海学.《中药化学》.北京:中国中医药出版社,2003
[64]芦绪芳.大孔吸附树脂的特点及其在皂苷分离中的应用.实用医技杂志,2005,12(8):2139
[65]马挺军,屠鹏飞,吕飞杰.大孔吸附树脂分离富集士贝母总皂苷的研究.中国中药杂志,2005,30(10):744
[66]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.《药理实验方法学》.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.1757
[67]陈奇.中药药效的研究思路与方法.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005.975
[68]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.1006
[69]赵江琼,易以木,徐壹.香草醛比色法测定葱白提取物中总皂苷含量.医药导报,2007,26(9):1075
[70]赵烽,张萌佳,姚新生.酸性染料比色法测定骆驼蓬种子生物碱的含量.中草药,2000,31(9):660
[71]Kessar SV,Gupta YP,Mahajan RK,Joshi GS.Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids.V.Synthesis of kryptogenin,diosgenin and yamogenin.Tetrahedron.1968,24(2):899-904
[72]Yang Ming-he.steroidal sapogenins of Dioscorea.Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,1981,12(9):43
[73]Martin Weissenberg.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solanum plants or glycosides therefrom.Photochemistry,2001,58:501
[74]Bird G.J.,Collins D.J.,Eastwood F.W.et al.J Chem,1979,32:783
[75]SUSAN LOREY,ANDREA PORZEL,HELMUT RIPPERGER.STEROID ALKALOID GLYCOSIDES FROM SOLANUM COCCINEUM.Phytochemistry.1996,41(6):1633
[2]粱·陶弘景.《本草经集注》.北京:人民卫生出版社,1994.P240、P314
[3]唐·苏敬.《唐本草》.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1981.P174、P235
[4]宋·唐慎徽.《证类本草》.北京:华夏出版社,1993.P176、P271
[5]明·车明珍.《本草纲目》上册.北京:人民卫生出版社,1985.P1322、P1051
[6]清·赵学敏.《本草纲目拾遗》.北京:人民卫生出版社,1986.10
[7]江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典上册.上海:上海人民出版社,1997.
[8]张树人.白英与蜀羊泉的本草考证.中药材,2000,23(4):229
[9]祁振声,杨华生.白英与蜀羊泉原植物的补正.中药材,2001,24(7):516
[10]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志·第67卷1分册.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[11]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志·第24卷.北京:科学出版社,1988.
[12]张宏意,房志坚.白英及其混淆品寻骨风的显微鉴别.时珍国医国药,2005,16(4):337
[13]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(精编本).上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998.1726
[14]国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草(精编本).上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998.631
[15]Murakami K,Saijo R,Nohara T,et al.Studies on the constituents ofSolanum Plants.I.On the Constituents of the Stem Parts of Solanum lyratum Thunb.Yakugaku Zasshi,1981,101(3):275-279
[16]Yahara S,Murakami N,Yamasaki M,et al.A furostanol glucuronide from Solarium lyratum.Phytochemistry,1985,24(11):2748-2750
[17]Shoji Yahara,Naomi Murakami,Masaki Yamasaki,et al.Studies on the constituents of Solanum plants.Part 6.Furostanol glucuronide from Solanum lyratum.Phytochemistry,1985,22(11):2748
[18]Shoji Yahara,Mitsuyuki Morooka,Michiko Ikeda,et al.Two new steroidal glucuronides from Solanum lyratum.Ⅱ.PlantaMed,1986,52(6):496
[19]吉田键二茄属植物成分的研究,国外医学中医中药分册,1987,9(2):115
[20]Shoji Yahara,Michiko Ohtsuka,Kiniko Nakano,et al.Studies on the Constituents of Solanum Plants.ⅫⅠ.A New Steroidal Glucuronide from Chinese Solanum lyratum.Chem Pharm Bull,1989,3(7):1802
[21]Kang So Young,Sung Sang Hyun,Park Jong Hee,et al.A phenolic glucoside and steroidal sapogenins ofSolanum lyratum.Yakhah Hoeehi,2000,44(6):534
[22]Wen-cai Ye,Hao Wang,Shouxun Zhao,et al.Steroidal glycoside and glycoalkaloid from Solanum lyratum.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2001,29:421
[23]杨敬芝,郭贵明,周立新,丁恰.白英化学成分的研究.中国中药杂志,2002,27(1):42
[24]Yu SuMi,Kim Hyoung Ja,Woo Eun-Rhan,et al.Some sesquiterpenoids and 5a,8a-epidioxy-sterols from Solanum lyratum.Arch Pharmacal Res,1994,17(1):1
[25]杨宇.白毛藤在民族民间医药中的应用初探.中国民族民间医药杂志,1999,(40):275
[26]Yung-Yung Lee.Two New Soladulcidine Glycosides from Solanum lyratum.Chem Bull,1997,45(8):1381
[27]Kotaro Murakami,Hisataka Ezim,Yoshihisa Takaishi,et al.Studies on the Constituents of Solanum Plants.V.The Constituents ofSolanum lyratum Thunb.Ⅱ.Chem Pharm Bull,1985,33(1):67
[28]Kang So Young,Sang Hyun,Park Jong Hee,et al.Hepatoprotective activity of scopoletin,a constituent ofSolanum lyratum.Arch Pharmacal Res,1998,21(6):718
[29]Martin Weissenberg.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaliods and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solanum plants or glycosides thereform.Phytochemistry,2001,58:501
[30]Kupchan SM,Barboutis S J,Knox JR,et al.Beta-solamarine:tumor inhibitor isolated from Solanum dulcamara.Science,1965,150(705):1827
[31]#12
[32]施文荣,刘艳.白英对人急性早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞生长的影响.福建中医学院学报,2002,12(1):36
[33]孙立新,任靖,王敏伟,等.白英水提物抗肿瘤作用的初步研究.中草药,2006,37(1):98
[34]孙立新,任靖,王敏伟,等.白英抗肿瘤活性部位筛选.沈阳药科大学学报,2005,22(3):210
[35]任靖,冯国楠,王敏伟,等.白英总苷抗肿瘤作用初步研究.瘤防治研究,2006,33(4):262
[36]任靖,冯国楠,王敏伟,等.白英乙醇提取物抗肿瘤作用初步研究.中国中药杂志,2006,31(6):497
[37]单长民,胡娟娟,杜冠华.白英提取物诱导人肝癌BEL-7404细胞凋亡作用.中国临床药理学与治疗学,2001,6(3):200
[38]曹济远,谭湘陵.抗癌中药白毛藤对CHO细胞G2-PC染色体畸变的观察.现代应用药学,1988,6:1
[39]张永健,王耐勤,许树旭.复方中药注射液对人癌细胞体外杀伤效应及其对细胞周期的影响.中西医结合杂志,1989,7:416
[40]谢永芳,廖系晗,梁亦龙等.白英提取物的抗氧化作用研究.时珍国医国药,2006,17(6):899
[41]Bookyung Kang,Eunhee Lee,Insup Hong,et al.Abolition of anaphylactic shock by Solanum lyratum Thunb.Int.J.Immunopharmac.1997,19(11-12):729
[42]Kim H.M,Lee EJ.Solanum lyratum inhibits anaphylactic reaction and suppresses the expression of L - histidine decarboxylase Mrna.Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology,1998,20(1):135
[43]H.M.Kim,M.J.Kim,E.Li,et al.The nitric oxide-producing properties ofSolanum lyratum.Ethnopharmacol.1999,67(2):163-169
[44]崔建国,陈小军,孙志良.白毛藤生物碱的提取及体外抗菌活性研究.中兽医医药杂志,2004,5:41
[45]李佩文.《实用临床抗肿瘤中药》.辽宁:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.4
[46]谷善青,梁云燕,樊立人,等.复方白龙片对人胃癌细胞两条信号通路的调控.中西医结合杂志,1997,17(7):404
[47]陈虹.中草药与抗肿瘤新药研究.武警医学院学报,2003,12(4):247
[48]宋立强,李妍,倪殿涛,等.紫杉醇对肺腺癌细胞侵袭能力抑制作用的研究.中国新药与临床杂志,2004,23(8):535
[49]侯华新,黎丹戎,秦箐,等.黄芩黄酮A对人肝癌细胞7402的抑制能力及体外增效作用.中国临床药学杂志,2000,9(3):166
[50]Sharma H W,Sokoloski J A,Perez J R,et al.Differentiation of immortal cells inhibits telomerase activity.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92(12):343
[51]王薇,关桂梅,孟晓婷,等.红景天素对肝癌影响的实验研究.白求恩科大学学报,1997,23(1):20
[52]胡云,吴军正,陈建元.补骨脂素类药物宫颈鳞癌Hela细胞恶性表型的影响.中国中医药科技,1999,6(3):157
[53]韩建勋,吴军正,李焰,等.8-甲氧基补骨脂素对粘液表皮样癌细胞的抑制作用.实用口腔医学杂志,1998,14(4):286
[54]辛华雯,谢笔钧,曾繁典.聚酯型儿茶素诱导HL-60细胞凋亡.中国药理学通报,2001,17(4):427
[55]潘启超,田晖.多种中药单体逆转肿瘤多药耐药性.科学通报,1995,40(20):1901
[56]蒋礼年,陆杭双,李佩文.金艾康合并化学药物治疗肿瘤临床疗效观察.中国现代应用药学杂志,1999,16(3):59
[57]沈建伟,王明艳,赵凤鸣,等.两种中药复方拮抗环磷酰胺致突变作用的研究.癌变·畸变·突变,1999,11(1):38
[58]袁守军,韩锐.姜黄素的癌化学预防作用.国外医学·肿瘤学分册,1994,24(5):264
[59]Ambrosini G,Adida C,Altieri DC.A novel antiapotosisgene,survivin,expressed in cancer and lymphoma.NatMed,1997,3(8):917
[60]韦星,李朝敢,农嵩,等.白英提取液对Hela细胞凋亡及p53和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.右江民族医学院学报,2006,(5):714
[61]孙志良,崔建国,卢向阳,等.白毛藤生物碱对小鼠免疫功能及部分细胞因子mRNA 表达的影响.中国药学杂志,2005,40(22):1706
[62]刘春安,彭明.《抗癌中草药大辞典》.湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,1994
[63]匡海学.《中药化学》.北京:中国中医药出版社,2003
[64]芦绪芳.大孔吸附树脂的特点及其在皂苷分离中的应用.实用医技杂志,2005,12(8):2139
[65]马挺军,屠鹏飞,吕飞杰.大孔吸附树脂分离富集士贝母总皂苷的研究.中国中药杂志,2005,30(10):744
[66]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.《药理实验方法学》.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.1757
[67]陈奇.中药药效的研究思路与方法.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005.975
[68]陈奇.中药药理研究方法学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.1006
[69]赵江琼,易以木,徐壹.香草醛比色法测定葱白提取物中总皂苷含量.医药导报,2007,26(9):1075
[70]赵烽,张萌佳,姚新生.酸性染料比色法测定骆驼蓬种子生物碱的含量.中草药,2000,31(9):660
[71]Kessar SV,Gupta YP,Mahajan RK,Joshi GS.Synthetic studies in steroidal sapogenins and alkaloids.V.Synthesis of kryptogenin,diosgenin and yamogenin.Tetrahedron.1968,24(2):899-904
[72]Yang Ming-he.steroidal sapogenins of Dioscorea.Chin Tradit Herb Drugs,1981,12(9):43
[73]Martin Weissenberg.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solanum plants or glycosides therefrom.Photochemistry,2001,58:501
[74]Bird G.J.,Collins D.J.,Eastwood F.W.et al.J Chem,1979,32:783
[75]SUSAN LOREY,ANDREA PORZEL,HELMUT RIPPERGER.STEROID ALKALOID GLYCOSIDES FROM SOLANUM COCCINEUM.Phytochemistry.1996,41(6):1633