八钢高炉喷吹烟煤的爆炸性研究
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摘要
针对新疆煤质的特殊性，研究解决高炉喷煤安全性问题，用炼铁界常规的传统的方法只能对煤质性能做出定性分析，所以迫切需要一种全新的定性的方法和研究手段。研究发现，符合IEC标准的粉尘爆炸全套研究方法能对煤质性能作较全面定量分析，但该标准涉及的粉尘爆炸测试设备只能对常压状态下的爆炸性参数做出定量分析，与煤粉喷吹系统承压状态有一定的差距。本课题基于IEC标准，合作研制了特殊环境下20升粉尘爆炸测定装置、粉尘层最低着火温度测定装置和粉尘云最低着火温度测定装置，该装置均属国内首创。
使用上述装置，从经济性、煤质等基本要求出发，对新疆境内可能用于高炉喷煤的煤点进行大规模调查筛选，最后确定了用于高炉喷煤的煤种。用先进方法与设备对煤粉爆炸性首次进行了全面系统研究，研究了抑制爆炸的方法途径，开发了一种抑爆剂，该抑爆剂成本低效果好，提出了抑制爆炸的工艺参数。
本实验室研究结果，扩大到八钢高炉喷煤生产，效果很好，没有因煤粉爆炸性强而发生安全问题。烟煤配比达到95％左右。烟煤喷煤比很快达到国内最好水平。用八钢附近的硫磺沟一带烟煤，经加工成合格的煤粉后，喷入高炉的成本为150元／t，二级冶金焦价格430元／t，煤焦置换比按0.8计算，高炉喷吹烟煤粉每吨节约成本194元。显然，现阶段高炉喷吹煤粉是炼铁工序降低成本提高企业竞争力最直接、最有效的技术措施。
According to the specific quality of Xinjing coal, for concern of safety during coal injection into a BF, conventional qualitatively study a method for coal powder explosion does not meet the need of scientific study. A new method of quantitative describe the parameters during the coal powder injection explosion processes has been developed, which is based on the IEC standard related to dust explosion study method. Different from the under atmosphere pressure; the discovered method can detect the related parameters under given pressure and temperature which is to a coal injection system of a BF. To carry out the experiment, by cooperation, there related experimental equipments have been developed, including a 20L dust explosion device with special condition controlling and detecting system, a MITCC test device, which meet the needs of IEC standard, a MIT(L) test device. These devices are the all first ones in China, respectively test.
A large-scale investigation was carried out for choosing coal and their mining site in Xinjiang area. The kinds of coal used for BF injection were selected according to Xinjiang economic and local coal quality. In this paper, explosiveness of coal powder was analyzed with advanced device and method, means of inhibiting explosion and process parameters were studied, and an inhibiting reagent was discovered.
Up to now, the bituminite rate in the injected coal has reached to 95%, which is the best in China on a similar BF. With the nearby Sulphur-ditche bituminite, the cost of spraying the bituminte powder into a BF per ton is 150 yuans, while that of the second metallurgical coke is 430 yuans, if one bituinmite powder displaces 0.8 ton metallurgical coke, 194 yuans cost has been cut down when each ton of bituinmite powder has been sprayed into a BF. Which results in a large economic efficiently. Therefore, coal injection is the most effective technique measure to decrease the cost and increase the competition ability of a BF.
使用上述装置，从经济性、煤质等基本要求出发，对新疆境内可能用于高炉喷煤的煤点进行大规模调查筛选，最后确定了用于高炉喷煤的煤种。用先进方法与设备对煤粉爆炸性首次进行了全面系统研究，研究了抑制爆炸的方法途径，开发了一种抑爆剂，该抑爆剂成本低效果好，提出了抑制爆炸的工艺参数。
本实验室研究结果，扩大到八钢高炉喷煤生产，效果很好，没有因煤粉爆炸性强而发生安全问题。烟煤配比达到95％左右。烟煤喷煤比很快达到国内最好水平。用八钢附近的硫磺沟一带烟煤，经加工成合格的煤粉后，喷入高炉的成本为150元／t，二级冶金焦价格430元／t，煤焦置换比按0.8计算，高炉喷吹烟煤粉每吨节约成本194元。显然，现阶段高炉喷吹煤粉是炼铁工序降低成本提高企业竞争力最直接、最有效的技术措施。
According to the specific quality of Xinjing coal, for concern of safety during coal injection into a BF, conventional qualitatively study a method for coal powder explosion does not meet the need of scientific study. A new method of quantitative describe the parameters during the coal powder injection explosion processes has been developed, which is based on the IEC standard related to dust explosion study method. Different from the under atmosphere pressure; the discovered method can detect the related parameters under given pressure and temperature which is to a coal injection system of a BF. To carry out the experiment, by cooperation, there related experimental equipments have been developed, including a 20L dust explosion device with special condition controlling and detecting system, a MITCC test device, which meet the needs of IEC standard, a MIT(L) test device. These devices are the all first ones in China, respectively test.
A large-scale investigation was carried out for choosing coal and their mining site in Xinjiang area. The kinds of coal used for BF injection were selected according to Xinjiang economic and local coal quality. In this paper, explosiveness of coal powder was analyzed with advanced device and method, means of inhibiting explosion and process parameters were studied, and an inhibiting reagent was discovered.
Up to now, the bituminite rate in the injected coal has reached to 95%, which is the best in China on a similar BF. With the nearby Sulphur-ditche bituminite, the cost of spraying the bituminte powder into a BF per ton is 150 yuans, while that of the second metallurgical coke is 430 yuans, if one bituinmite powder displaces 0.8 ton metallurgical coke, 194 yuans cost has been cut down when each ton of bituinmite powder has been sprayed into a BF. Which results in a large economic efficiently. Therefore, coal injection is the most effective technique measure to decrease the cost and increase the competition ability of a BF.
引文
[1] Poos A, Ponghis N. Potentials and Problems of High Coal Injection Rates. Iron and Steel Society, 1990, 443～453.
[2] 张家驹．论高炉喷煤极限，钢铁，1996，25(5)：12～16．
[3] Sahajwall V, Kong CH, Lu L, et al Investigation of combustion behavior of a PCI coal and unburnt char carryover in a US Steel Blast Furnace. In Iron and Steel Society/AIME, 60th Ironmaking Conference Proceedings (USA). 2001, 451～458.
[4] Mueai R, Sato M,Ariyama T, et al. Development of the injection lance for high pulverized coal injection operation in a blast furnace [A]. Proceedings of the 1996 International Symposium on Injection in Pyrometallurgy [C]. 1996, 1～3.
[5] Sengupta I, kumar A, Ghosh S, et al. Blast furnace efficiency enhancer for pulverized coal injection. Steel Technology, 2000, 61～62.
[6] Jukea M. Blast furnace granular coal injection. Metallurgical Plant and Technolgy International. 1993,16, 56～60.
[7] 《Iron making Conference Proceeding》, 1997, 217～227.
[8] Crelling J C, Thomas M K, Marsh M. Aspects of the combustion reactivity of coal macerals, Iron making conference proceedings, 1992, 51, 407～413.
[9] 杜鹤桂，徐万仁．煤岩显微组份对高炉喷煤燃烧特性的影响，宝钢技术 1998，5(34)：15～18．
[10] 王国雄．现代高炉煤粉喷吹，冶金工业出版社，1997，145～170．
[11] 杜鹤桂．国外高炉炼铁技术的进步炼铁，1999，1，3～5．
[12] 沈峰满，有庆瑶．助燃剂对煤粉燃烧性能的影响，1995全国炼铁学术年会论文集，178～180．
[13] 有庆瑶，沈峰满．高炉喷吹煤粉中添加助燃剂提高燃烧率的研究 1995全国炼铁学术年会论文集，207～210．
[14] Hongzhang Wang: A Practice of pulverized Bituminous Coal Injection to MBFS, 58th 1999 Proceedings Iron making Conference. Chicago.389～393.
[15] 李荣壬．高炉大量喷煤时煤粉在炉内利用状况的研究，宝钢技术，2000．2(14)34～38．
[16] 周师庸．高炉高喷煤水平下对回旋区内残炭的研究，钢铁，2000．12(56)：13～16．
[17] 傅世敏．高炉合适喷煤量的探讨，武汉科技大学学报，2000．3(34)：22～25．
[18]张建良，杨天均．高炉喷煤过程煤粉分解热的确定方法 北京科技大学学报 2001．8(46)：23～25．
[19]程正东．我国高炉喷煤工艺技术的优化，钢铁研究学报，2002．4(39)：36～39．
[20]徐君．煤在大高炉中焦碳粒度和强度的变化，燃料与化工，2001．5(45)：31～35．
[21]郭可中，李肇毅．推进精料技术，大力提高高炉喷煤，钢铁，2001．12(66)：，41～43．
[22]陶荣尧．高炉大喷煤冶炼的能耗结构及CO2量的变化，钢技术，2000．3(23)：，19～22．
[23]徐万仁．高炉大量喷煤时煤粉在炉内的利用状况，钢铁，2000．5(42)：18～20
[24]王炜．国内外高炉喷煤现状及主要技术措施，武汉科技大学学报，2000．3(34)：2～5．
[25]邹祖桥．氧喷煤燃烧过程的三维数值模拟，华中理工大学学报，1999．5(43)：26～28．
[26]张景智．中有机氧和有机氢对高炉喷煤的影响，国内冶金，1999．12(69)：13～15．
[27]R. Siwek: Latest Development in Explosion Technology. 6ICDE'94(Proceedings of the 6th 1994 International Colloquium on Dust Explosions), 35-61
[28]F. hawert, A. Vogl, S. Radandt: Measurement of Turbulence and Dust Concentration in Silos and Vessels. 6ICDE'94, 75-80.
[29]Liu Wenxin, Sheny Zhongquan, Deng Xufan et al: Measurement of Turbulence in the Hartmann Bomb. 6ICDE'94, 81-95.
[30]Deng Xufan, He Jicheng: A Brief Review of Dust Explosion Reaction Engineering. 6ICDE'94, 96-115
[31]Piotr Wolanski: Minimum Explosive Concentration of Dust-Air Mixtures. 6ICDE'94, 206-219.
[32]T. Massuda, Harubiko Itagaki: Effects of Ignition Energy on Dust Explosion Parameters. 6ICDE'94, 245-256.
[33]M. Gieras, R. Klements: Experimental Study of the Ignition and Mechanism of Flame Propagation in Dust and Hybird Mixtures. 6ICDE'94, 158-178.
[34]张群．炉喷煤用煤煤质性能研究，新疆钢铁研究所，1996．7(19)：1～5．
[35]宴伟．论安全喷吹煤喷，《炼铁技术汇编》，冶金工业出版社，204～208．
[36]山口一良．大量喷吹煤粉时焦炭粉化的机理和抑制粉化的考察，国外钢铁1997．1(23)：14～18．
[37](卢)L．Boute．高喷煤比时高炉冷却损失的控制，国外钢铁，1997．1(11)：15．
[38]常贺起．宝钢8#高炉烟煤无烟煤混喷工艺和实践，河北冶金，2000，4(28)：10～13．
[39]叶才彦．高炉喷煤浓相输送技术的探讨，钢铁研究，1999，3(37)：7～10．
[40]丁立刚．徐楚韶．氧煤枪出口煤粉行为的数学模型，包头钢铁学院学报，1999，18(78)：106～107．
[41]沈洪波．柳钢喷煤系统混合器的改造及特点，炼铁，2000．4(29)：47～48．
[42]靳秉嵘．包钢4#高炉煤粉喷吹系统的改造，炼铁，2000，4(29)：5～8．
[43]单泪华．首钢高炉喷吹阳泉洗精煤的试验研究，首钢科技，2000，5(18)：12～14．
[44]竺维春．神府半焦用于首钢高炉喷吹的试验室研究，首钢科技 2000，6(20)：12～14．
[45]郁庆瑶．喷吹煤粉粒度对燃烧性能影响的研究，宝钢科技，2000，5(34)：17～20．
[46]刘新．未燃煤粉在高炉内的内部特性实验研究，东北大学学报，自然科学版 2000，2(49)：177～180．
[47]曾加庆，尹建威．高炉未燃烧煤粉活性试验研究，炼铁，1999，2(13)：33～35
[48]李保卫，丁立刚．高炉喷煤煤粉的理论研究，钢铁学院学报，1999，2(8)：103～105．
[49]邹祖桥，孙学政．高炉直吹管和回旋区煤粉燃烧数学模型，华中理工大学学报，2000，7(34)：65～67．
[50]常贺起．宝钢8#高炉烟煤无烟煤混喷工艺和实践，河北冶金，2000，4(17)：10～13．
[51]黄庆富．天铁高炉富氧喷煤降焦效果分析，炼铁，2000，5(36)：33～35．
[2] 张家驹．论高炉喷煤极限，钢铁，1996，25(5)：12～16．
[3] Sahajwall V, Kong CH, Lu L, et al Investigation of combustion behavior of a PCI coal and unburnt char carryover in a US Steel Blast Furnace. In Iron and Steel Society/AIME, 60th Ironmaking Conference Proceedings (USA). 2001, 451～458.
[4] Mueai R, Sato M,Ariyama T, et al. Development of the injection lance for high pulverized coal injection operation in a blast furnace [A]. Proceedings of the 1996 International Symposium on Injection in Pyrometallurgy [C]. 1996, 1～3.
[5] Sengupta I, kumar A, Ghosh S, et al. Blast furnace efficiency enhancer for pulverized coal injection. Steel Technology, 2000, 61～62.
[6] Jukea M. Blast furnace granular coal injection. Metallurgical Plant and Technolgy International. 1993,16, 56～60.
[7] 《Iron making Conference Proceeding》, 1997, 217～227.
[8] Crelling J C, Thomas M K, Marsh M. Aspects of the combustion reactivity of coal macerals, Iron making conference proceedings, 1992, 51, 407～413.
[9] 杜鹤桂，徐万仁．煤岩显微组份对高炉喷煤燃烧特性的影响，宝钢技术 1998，5(34)：15～18．
[10] 王国雄．现代高炉煤粉喷吹，冶金工业出版社，1997，145～170．
[11] 杜鹤桂．国外高炉炼铁技术的进步炼铁，1999，1，3～5．
[12] 沈峰满，有庆瑶．助燃剂对煤粉燃烧性能的影响，1995全国炼铁学术年会论文集，178～180．
[13] 有庆瑶，沈峰满．高炉喷吹煤粉中添加助燃剂提高燃烧率的研究 1995全国炼铁学术年会论文集，207～210．
[14] Hongzhang Wang: A Practice of pulverized Bituminous Coal Injection to MBFS, 58th 1999 Proceedings Iron making Conference. Chicago.389～393.
[15] 李荣壬．高炉大量喷煤时煤粉在炉内利用状况的研究，宝钢技术，2000．2(14)34～38．
[16] 周师庸．高炉高喷煤水平下对回旋区内残炭的研究，钢铁，2000．12(56)：13～16．
[17] 傅世敏．高炉合适喷煤量的探讨，武汉科技大学学报，2000．3(34)：22～25．
[18]张建良，杨天均．高炉喷煤过程煤粉分解热的确定方法 北京科技大学学报 2001．8(46)：23～25．
[19]程正东．我国高炉喷煤工艺技术的优化，钢铁研究学报，2002．4(39)：36～39．
[20]徐君．煤在大高炉中焦碳粒度和强度的变化，燃料与化工，2001．5(45)：31～35．
[21]郭可中，李肇毅．推进精料技术，大力提高高炉喷煤，钢铁，2001．12(66)：，41～43．
[22]陶荣尧．高炉大喷煤冶炼的能耗结构及CO2量的变化，钢技术，2000．3(23)：，19～22．
[23]徐万仁．高炉大量喷煤时煤粉在炉内的利用状况，钢铁，2000．5(42)：18～20
[24]王炜．国内外高炉喷煤现状及主要技术措施，武汉科技大学学报，2000．3(34)：2～5．
[25]邹祖桥．氧喷煤燃烧过程的三维数值模拟，华中理工大学学报，1999．5(43)：26～28．
[26]张景智．中有机氧和有机氢对高炉喷煤的影响，国内冶金，1999．12(69)：13～15．
[27]R. Siwek: Latest Development in Explosion Technology. 6ICDE'94(Proceedings of the 6th 1994 International Colloquium on Dust Explosions), 35-61
[28]F. hawert, A. Vogl, S. Radandt: Measurement of Turbulence and Dust Concentration in Silos and Vessels. 6ICDE'94, 75-80.
[29]Liu Wenxin, Sheny Zhongquan, Deng Xufan et al: Measurement of Turbulence in the Hartmann Bomb. 6ICDE'94, 81-95.
[30]Deng Xufan, He Jicheng: A Brief Review of Dust Explosion Reaction Engineering. 6ICDE'94, 96-115
[31]Piotr Wolanski: Minimum Explosive Concentration of Dust-Air Mixtures. 6ICDE'94, 206-219.
[32]T. Massuda, Harubiko Itagaki: Effects of Ignition Energy on Dust Explosion Parameters. 6ICDE'94, 245-256.
[33]M. Gieras, R. Klements: Experimental Study of the Ignition and Mechanism of Flame Propagation in Dust and Hybird Mixtures. 6ICDE'94, 158-178.
[34]张群．炉喷煤用煤煤质性能研究，新疆钢铁研究所，1996．7(19)：1～5．
[35]宴伟．论安全喷吹煤喷，《炼铁技术汇编》，冶金工业出版社，204～208．
[36]山口一良．大量喷吹煤粉时焦炭粉化的机理和抑制粉化的考察，国外钢铁1997．1(23)：14～18．
[37](卢)L．Boute．高喷煤比时高炉冷却损失的控制，国外钢铁，1997．1(11)：15．
[38]常贺起．宝钢8#高炉烟煤无烟煤混喷工艺和实践，河北冶金，2000，4(28)：10～13．
[39]叶才彦．高炉喷煤浓相输送技术的探讨，钢铁研究，1999，3(37)：7～10．
[40]丁立刚．徐楚韶．氧煤枪出口煤粉行为的数学模型，包头钢铁学院学报，1999，18(78)：106～107．
[41]沈洪波．柳钢喷煤系统混合器的改造及特点，炼铁，2000．4(29)：47～48．
[42]靳秉嵘．包钢4#高炉煤粉喷吹系统的改造，炼铁，2000，4(29)：5～8．
[43]单泪华．首钢高炉喷吹阳泉洗精煤的试验研究，首钢科技，2000，5(18)：12～14．
[44]竺维春．神府半焦用于首钢高炉喷吹的试验室研究，首钢科技 2000，6(20)：12～14．
[45]郁庆瑶．喷吹煤粉粒度对燃烧性能影响的研究，宝钢科技，2000，5(34)：17～20．
[46]刘新．未燃煤粉在高炉内的内部特性实验研究，东北大学学报，自然科学版 2000，2(49)：177～180．
[47]曾加庆，尹建威．高炉未燃烧煤粉活性试验研究，炼铁，1999，2(13)：33～35
[48]李保卫，丁立刚．高炉喷煤煤粉的理论研究，钢铁学院学报，1999，2(8)：103～105．
[49]邹祖桥，孙学政．高炉直吹管和回旋区煤粉燃烧数学模型，华中理工大学学报，2000，7(34)：65～67．
[50]常贺起．宝钢8#高炉烟煤无烟煤混喷工艺和实践，河北冶金，2000，4(17)：10～13．
[51]黄庆富．天铁高炉富氧喷煤降焦效果分析，炼铁，2000，5(36)：33～35．