哈尔滨污水深度处理工艺优化及生产性试验研究
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摘要
松花江哈尔滨江段受城市工业废水和生活污水的污染，江水作为集中饮用水源已令人担忧。欲维系城市用水健康循环的功能，仅仅依靠提高二级处理普及率是远远不够的，如果在二级处理基础上将排放的处理水变成再生水，使之成为稳定的城市水源的重要组成部分，那么一个健康的城市用水循环系统就近在咫尺。
通过哈尔滨、大连、深圳、保定四地试验对好气过滤柱的再生效能进行了分析，考察了以pH为主的影响因素对净化效果的影响。并研究了低温下好气过滤柱的净化效能以及影响机理。结果表明：相对于普通石英砂滤柱来说，好气过滤柱的COD、BOD5、浊度、NH4 -N改善率分别为25.7%、54%、43%、62%。试验综合表明，好气过滤柱进行污水深度处理，最佳水力负荷、DO、pH分别为6~8m/h，1.5~2.5mg/L，7~8，而最佳运行周期则因进水水质、水温等因素而定。
哈尔滨现场中试验证小试的试验结果表明：采用污水处理全流程对污水进行一级、二级、深度处理，更能真实反映好气过滤柱的运行效果，有助于寻求适宜的运行参数。中试试验证明，适当反冲洗有助于好气过滤柱的快速启动。好气过滤柱在COD容积负荷8Kg/m3·d、水力负荷7m3/m2·h时处理效能最佳。当水力负荷大于9m3/m2·h后，COD去除量都在2.2Kg/m3·d左右，与容积负荷的关系不大。
在运行参数方面，静态烧杯试验得出：对比于硫酸铝、PAC和复合铝铁，选择硫酸铝作为再生水车间的混凝剂。动态实际系统流程的投药量大约为烧杯试验的1.5~1.6倍。在水气比为1.07时，气浮池的出水效果最佳。确定在进水负荷3.0 m3/m2·h，滤池的处理效果达到最佳，此时的过滤周期为48小时。通过实验优选出常规滤料滤池三段式联合反冲洗方式的最佳运行参数为：气冲洗强度14 L/s·m2，水冲洗强度6 L/s·m2，单气预冲2min，接着气水同时冲洗3min，最后单水漂洗5min。
在实验室小试与现场中试以后，利用污水处理厂的二级出水作为再生水实验对象，在哈尔滨文昌污水厂厂区建设了以混凝沉淀、溶气气浮、外加好气滤池为主体工艺流程的产业化污水再生回用全流程，通过超越管道和闸门切换可达到八个不同处理流程，以处理不同的来水水质。综合分析不同的来水水质与各个不同流程的处理效果，选择流程4（即混凝沉淀+好气滤池）
In the past decades, the Songhua River in Harbin for drinking water havebeen more and more polluted by municipal sewage and industry wastewater, andbeen upset the people along the river. It is not enough to depend only onsecondary treatment ratio, but no consideration about recycle the waste water asreclamation water to hold the health of water cycle together, at the same tine tobe a new important part of city source water. Then we can see a bright future forthe healthy water cycle in garden city at hand.
Biofilters in regeneration, decontamination efficiency and effectionmechanism at low temperature have been studied in Harbin, Da Lian, Bao Dingand Shen Zhen. The conclusions as follow: The removal efficiency bybiofiltration is better than the rapid fiters, which the removal of COD、BOD5、turbidity、NH4 -N can increase by 25.7%, 54%, 43%, 62%. The optimumhydraulic load, DO and pH were 6~8m/h, 1.5~2.5mg/L, 7~8 separately, but theoptimun operation cycle depended on the influx water quality and temperature.
To test the trials, pilot experiment shows: wastwater completed treatmentflow consisting of primary, secondary, and advanced treatment could reflect thereal operation efficiency and obtain the fitable run parameter. The properbackwashing and controlling autotuaph and heterogeneous bacteria canaccelerate the start-up process. The fitable values of volume load, hydraulic load,DO are 8Kg/m3·d, 7m3/m2·h, 1.5~2.5mg/L for the biofilters in advancedwastewater treatment. The COD removal quantity was about 2.2Kg/m3.d when P Phydraulic load was more than 9m3/m2·h, but it doesn’t matter with volume load.
In the operation parameters aspect, static beaker test shows: comparing withthe aluminium sulfate, PAC, and PAM, we choose aluminium sulfate ascoagulation medicament. The injection quantity of reagent was about 1.5~1.6time than the beaker test. The optimum water to gas ratio is about 1.07 in airflotation pond. The influx load is 3.0 m3/m2·h when the filter reach its bestoperation condition, the filter cycle time is 48 hours at that time. The optimumoperating parameters of common package through three-phase combinedbackwashing manner are as follow: air backwashing intensity is 14 L/s·m2, water P
通过哈尔滨、大连、深圳、保定四地试验对好气过滤柱的再生效能进行了分析，考察了以pH为主的影响因素对净化效果的影响。并研究了低温下好气过滤柱的净化效能以及影响机理。结果表明：相对于普通石英砂滤柱来说，好气过滤柱的COD、BOD5、浊度、NH4 -N改善率分别为25.7%、54%、43%、62%。试验综合表明，好气过滤柱进行污水深度处理，最佳水力负荷、DO、pH分别为6~8m/h，1.5~2.5mg/L，7~8，而最佳运行周期则因进水水质、水温等因素而定。
哈尔滨现场中试验证小试的试验结果表明：采用污水处理全流程对污水进行一级、二级、深度处理，更能真实反映好气过滤柱的运行效果，有助于寻求适宜的运行参数。中试试验证明，适当反冲洗有助于好气过滤柱的快速启动。好气过滤柱在COD容积负荷8Kg/m3·d、水力负荷7m3/m2·h时处理效能最佳。当水力负荷大于9m3/m2·h后，COD去除量都在2.2Kg/m3·d左右，与容积负荷的关系不大。
在运行参数方面，静态烧杯试验得出：对比于硫酸铝、PAC和复合铝铁，选择硫酸铝作为再生水车间的混凝剂。动态实际系统流程的投药量大约为烧杯试验的1.5~1.6倍。在水气比为1.07时，气浮池的出水效果最佳。确定在进水负荷3.0 m3/m2·h，滤池的处理效果达到最佳，此时的过滤周期为48小时。通过实验优选出常规滤料滤池三段式联合反冲洗方式的最佳运行参数为：气冲洗强度14 L/s·m2，水冲洗强度6 L/s·m2，单气预冲2min，接着气水同时冲洗3min，最后单水漂洗5min。
在实验室小试与现场中试以后，利用污水处理厂的二级出水作为再生水实验对象，在哈尔滨文昌污水厂厂区建设了以混凝沉淀、溶气气浮、外加好气滤池为主体工艺流程的产业化污水再生回用全流程，通过超越管道和闸门切换可达到八个不同处理流程，以处理不同的来水水质。综合分析不同的来水水质与各个不同流程的处理效果，选择流程4（即混凝沉淀+好气滤池）
In the past decades, the Songhua River in Harbin for drinking water havebeen more and more polluted by municipal sewage and industry wastewater, andbeen upset the people along the river. It is not enough to depend only onsecondary treatment ratio, but no consideration about recycle the waste water asreclamation water to hold the health of water cycle together, at the same tine tobe a new important part of city source water. Then we can see a bright future forthe healthy water cycle in garden city at hand.
Biofilters in regeneration, decontamination efficiency and effectionmechanism at low temperature have been studied in Harbin, Da Lian, Bao Dingand Shen Zhen. The conclusions as follow: The removal efficiency bybiofiltration is better than the rapid fiters, which the removal of COD、BOD5、turbidity、NH4 -N can increase by 25.7%, 54%, 43%, 62%. The optimumhydraulic load, DO and pH were 6~8m/h, 1.5~2.5mg/L, 7~8 separately, but theoptimun operation cycle depended on the influx water quality and temperature.
To test the trials, pilot experiment shows: wastwater completed treatmentflow consisting of primary, secondary, and advanced treatment could reflect thereal operation efficiency and obtain the fitable run parameter. The properbackwashing and controlling autotuaph and heterogeneous bacteria canaccelerate the start-up process. The fitable values of volume load, hydraulic load,DO are 8Kg/m3·d, 7m3/m2·h, 1.5~2.5mg/L for the biofilters in advancedwastewater treatment. The COD removal quantity was about 2.2Kg/m3.d when P Phydraulic load was more than 9m3/m2·h, but it doesn’t matter with volume load.
In the operation parameters aspect, static beaker test shows: comparing withthe aluminium sulfate, PAC, and PAM, we choose aluminium sulfate ascoagulation medicament. The injection quantity of reagent was about 1.5~1.6time than the beaker test. The optimum water to gas ratio is about 1.07 in airflotation pond. The influx load is 3.0 m3/m2·h when the filter reach its bestoperation condition, the filter cycle time is 48 hours at that time. The optimumoperating parameters of common package through three-phase combinedbackwashing manner are as follow: air backwashing intensity is 14 L/s·m2, water P
引文
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