仁用杏花期生物学特性及抗寒机制研究
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摘要
本文从坐果率和抗寒性等生产实际问题入手,以龙王帽、优一、木瓜杏为试验材料,调查三种仁用杏花期生物学特性,同时以覆膜和覆草两种处理,来研究提高仁用杏完全花比例的措施。并且以“优一”为材料,研究了仁用杏开花前后结果短枝不同部位可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等生理指标的变化,并在盛花期和幼果期测定水杨酸处理后花器官的过冷却点,随后进行低温胁迫实验并测定以上内源生理物质。结果表明,(1)三种仁用杏花期的长短各不相同,最长的是木瓜杏,最短是龙王帽。(2)完全花比例最高的是木瓜杏,最低的是优一,而且三个品种都以短果枝和花束状果枝坐果率最高。(3)木瓜杏和优一花粉萌发的最适宜的蔗糖水培养液浓度是10%,龙王帽为15%。三个品种的自然授粉和自花结实率都低,平均值约为8.2%。都为自交不结实。(4)地面覆盖可以延长和推迟花期,提高完全花比例。(5)从仁用杏品种“优一”花芽萌动前到幼果形成这段时期,结果短枝上木质部、皮层及韧皮部中游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量在逐渐下降,花器官中二者含量分别在花芽膨大期、盛花期出现峰值。可溶性糖含量在花器官与皮层及韧皮部中此消彼长。木质部、皮层及韧皮部中MDA都成单峰变化趋势,二者MDA含量到达峰值的时间早于花器官。木质部、花器官中、皮层及韧皮部中SOD活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势,峰值分别出现在花芽萌动期、花芽膨大期和花蕾期。(6)短时间低温下,仁用杏花器官能够通过提高其可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量以及POD活性来增强其抗寒能力,水杨酸在盛花期通过提高花器官中膜氧化相关酶的活性来提高其抗寒力。
The paper commences from some actual problems on culture and production use Long Wang-Mao、You-yi、Mu Gua-xing as the experimental material, the paper conducts a survey on the biological feature of this three kinds of plants. At the same time, the paper also uses mulching ,this two dealing ways to do a research on the methods of elevating the rate of complete flower of Kernel-apricot. Setting You-yi as the material, the paper conducts a research respectively before and after the flowering period of Kernel-apricot on the variations of such biological standards as soluble sugar、free proline、soluble protein、MDA、SOD、POD, meanwhile, the author measures during the flower-blossoming and fruit-forming time the cooling point of the flower organ after the dealing of SA, following an experiment of low-temperature threatening, and then measures the internal biological entities which has mentioned above. The conclusion shows: (1) the flowering time of this three kinds of Kernel-apricot varies, with Mu Gua-xing the longest and Long Wang-Mao the shortest.(2) the highest complete flowering rate comes from Mu Gua-xing, the lowest You-yi, and all the three sorts see their highest fruit-accumulating rate in short branches and flower bunch like branches.(3) the most suitable density of the sugar cultivating liquid for the springing of the flowering powder of Mu Gua-xing and You-yi is 10%, while Long Wang-Mao is 15%. All the three kinds have a low rate of natural flower powder receiving and fruiting, with an average of 8.2%.all are self-infertile. (4) Ground covering can extend and prolong the flowering period thus elevate the rate of complete flower. (5 During the process from dormancy to fruit-forming period, the content of free proline and soluble protein in the xylem and cortex-phloem decreased gradually. The content of these two physiological indexes reached the peak on April the 12th, respectively in the flower organs. The content of soluble sugar increased in the flower organs while decreased in the cortex-phloem. The change of MDA in different location of short branches of Kernel-apricot was quite similar. They all appeared only one peak during the process of blossom. But the peak of MDA content of flower organs came the latest of the three. SOD activeness increased first and decreased later, reached the peak on April the 5th, April the 12th . POD activeness gradually became weaker,except the dramatically went up in the flourishing blooming period.(6)assuming the condition of momentary low temperature, the flower organ of Kernel-apricot can improve its ability of coldness resisting by heightening the amount of soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and POD activeness, while SA improves its coldness resisting ability by elevating the vigor of he activeness of certain enzymes related with oxidation in the flower organ during the full blossom flower time
The paper commences from some actual problems on culture and production use Long Wang-Mao、You-yi、Mu Gua-xing as the experimental material, the paper conducts a survey on the biological feature of this three kinds of plants. At the same time, the paper also uses mulching ,this two dealing ways to do a research on the methods of elevating the rate of complete flower of Kernel-apricot. Setting You-yi as the material, the paper conducts a research respectively before and after the flowering period of Kernel-apricot on the variations of such biological standards as soluble sugar、free proline、soluble protein、MDA、SOD、POD, meanwhile, the author measures during the flower-blossoming and fruit-forming time the cooling point of the flower organ after the dealing of SA, following an experiment of low-temperature threatening, and then measures the internal biological entities which has mentioned above. The conclusion shows: (1) the flowering time of this three kinds of Kernel-apricot varies, with Mu Gua-xing the longest and Long Wang-Mao the shortest.(2) the highest complete flowering rate comes from Mu Gua-xing, the lowest You-yi, and all the three sorts see their highest fruit-accumulating rate in short branches and flower bunch like branches.(3) the most suitable density of the sugar cultivating liquid for the springing of the flowering powder of Mu Gua-xing and You-yi is 10%, while Long Wang-Mao is 15%. All the three kinds have a low rate of natural flower powder receiving and fruiting, with an average of 8.2%.all are self-infertile. (4) Ground covering can extend and prolong the flowering period thus elevate the rate of complete flower. (5 During the process from dormancy to fruit-forming period, the content of free proline and soluble protein in the xylem and cortex-phloem decreased gradually. The content of these two physiological indexes reached the peak on April the 12th, respectively in the flower organs. The content of soluble sugar increased in the flower organs while decreased in the cortex-phloem. The change of MDA in different location of short branches of Kernel-apricot was quite similar. They all appeared only one peak during the process of blossom. But the peak of MDA content of flower organs came the latest of the three. SOD activeness increased first and decreased later, reached the peak on April the 5th, April the 12th . POD activeness gradually became weaker,except the dramatically went up in the flourishing blooming period.(6)assuming the condition of momentary low temperature, the flower organ of Kernel-apricot can improve its ability of coldness resisting by heightening the amount of soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and POD activeness, while SA improves its coldness resisting ability by elevating the vigor of he activeness of certain enzymes related with oxidation in the flower organ during the full blossom flower time
引文
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