深部巷道U型约束混凝土拱架力学性能研究及应用
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摘要
深部软岩巷道支护一直是矿山领域的重要难题之一,本文针对深部软岩、构造破碎带等难支护巷道,提出了U型约束混凝土拱架新型支护技术,在通过室内试验和数值模拟对短柱的轴压力学性能等研究的基础上,采用数值模拟与现场试验相结合的方法对拱架的承载能力、受力特性、变形特征及规律等力学性能以及工程应用中拱架的围岩控制效果进行了研究。本文主要进行了如下工作：
1.短柱力学性能室内试验研究。通过对U型钢以及U型约束混凝土(UCC)短柱进行轴压静力加载试验,对两种类型短柱的失稳破坏模式、承载能力以及变形破坏规律进行了研究,并采用声发射技术对U型约束混凝土短柱中的核心混凝土在加载过程中的破裂机制进行了分析。
2.短柱力学性能数值模拟研究。建立了U型约束混凝土轴压短柱的非线性有限元模型并验证了其合理性；在此基础上,考虑短柱的封板厚度、混凝土强度两个参数的变化,回归计算得到UCC29短柱的极限承载力计算公式,并建立相应的经济性评价指标,结合截面应力集中系数的分析,为UCC拱架的应用选型提供定量评价指标。
3.拱架三维有限元数值模拟研究。通过建立U型约束混凝土拱架的加载试验数值模型,研究分析了3类U型约束混凝土拱架在均布加载作用下的承载能力、受力性能、变形特征与规律等特性。同时,结合赵楼煤矿典型地质条件,对U型约束混凝土拱架在围岩压力下的变形特点和失稳破坏模式进行了数值模拟研究,同时根据数值计算结果,通过对3类拱架的承载性能和经济性进行综合对比分析,对U型约束混凝土拱架进行了优选。
4.拱架现场试验研究。针对赵楼煤矿二集轨道下山巷道特点,设计了U型约束混凝土拱架支护方案,并进行现场试验研究,通过现场监测,对U型约束混凝土拱架的围岩控制效果进行了分析。
Supporting of deep soft rock roadway is always one of the important problems in the field of mining. Aiming at deep soft rock roadway and roadway with structural fracture zone, new support form—U-type confined concrete arch centering was developed, and axial compressive performance of its basic building block (short column) was researched by lab experiment, numerical simulation, on the basis, the mechanical properties of the arch centering, which were carrying capacity, force characteristic, deformation behavior and law and so on, were researched by numerical simulation and field test, and so was the surrounding rock controlling effect of the arch centering. The main work in the thesis includes:
1. Lab experiment study on mechanical properties of short column. Axial compression experiment of U-shaped steel short columns and U-type confined concrete (UCC) short columns were carried out, by which the instability and failure mode, carrying capacity and law for deformation and failure of the two short columns were researched. And the fracture mechanism of core concrete was researched by acoustic-emission techniques.
2. Numerical simulation study on mechanical properties of short column. Nonlinear finite element models of UCC short columns under axial load were bulit, of which the correctness was verified by contrastive analysis. On this basis, ultimate bearing capacity computing formula of UCC29short column was obtained by the regression of computed result, which considered the variation of seal plate thickness and concrete strength. With economical efficiency evaluating indicator and stress concentration factor built, quantitative evaluating indicator for UCC arch centering selection was put forward.
3. Three dimensional finite element modelling study on the arch centering. Load test numerical model of U-type confined concrete arch centering was bulit, carrying capacity, and the force characteristic, deformation behavior and law of three kinds of UCC arch centering under uniform load were analyzed. Based on the typical geology condition of Zhaolou coal mine, the deformation characteristics and the instability and failure mode of UCC arch centering with surrounding rock pressure were researched by numerical simulation. Based on computed result, selective preference of UCC arch centering was conducted by comprehensive analysis of load-carrying properties and economical efficiency of three kinds of UCC arch centerings.
4. Field test study on the arch centering. Considering the characteristic of Second dip entry in Zhaolou coal mine, UCC arch centering support plan was designed, and the field test was carried out, and the surrounding rock control effect of UCC arch centering was analyzed by field monitoring.
1.短柱力学性能室内试验研究。通过对U型钢以及U型约束混凝土(UCC)短柱进行轴压静力加载试验,对两种类型短柱的失稳破坏模式、承载能力以及变形破坏规律进行了研究,并采用声发射技术对U型约束混凝土短柱中的核心混凝土在加载过程中的破裂机制进行了分析。
2.短柱力学性能数值模拟研究。建立了U型约束混凝土轴压短柱的非线性有限元模型并验证了其合理性；在此基础上,考虑短柱的封板厚度、混凝土强度两个参数的变化,回归计算得到UCC29短柱的极限承载力计算公式,并建立相应的经济性评价指标,结合截面应力集中系数的分析,为UCC拱架的应用选型提供定量评价指标。
3.拱架三维有限元数值模拟研究。通过建立U型约束混凝土拱架的加载试验数值模型,研究分析了3类U型约束混凝土拱架在均布加载作用下的承载能力、受力性能、变形特征与规律等特性。同时,结合赵楼煤矿典型地质条件,对U型约束混凝土拱架在围岩压力下的变形特点和失稳破坏模式进行了数值模拟研究,同时根据数值计算结果,通过对3类拱架的承载性能和经济性进行综合对比分析,对U型约束混凝土拱架进行了优选。
4.拱架现场试验研究。针对赵楼煤矿二集轨道下山巷道特点,设计了U型约束混凝土拱架支护方案,并进行现场试验研究,通过现场监测,对U型约束混凝土拱架的围岩控制效果进行了分析。
Supporting of deep soft rock roadway is always one of the important problems in the field of mining. Aiming at deep soft rock roadway and roadway with structural fracture zone, new support form—U-type confined concrete arch centering was developed, and axial compressive performance of its basic building block (short column) was researched by lab experiment, numerical simulation, on the basis, the mechanical properties of the arch centering, which were carrying capacity, force characteristic, deformation behavior and law and so on, were researched by numerical simulation and field test, and so was the surrounding rock controlling effect of the arch centering. The main work in the thesis includes:
1. Lab experiment study on mechanical properties of short column. Axial compression experiment of U-shaped steel short columns and U-type confined concrete (UCC) short columns were carried out, by which the instability and failure mode, carrying capacity and law for deformation and failure of the two short columns were researched. And the fracture mechanism of core concrete was researched by acoustic-emission techniques.
2. Numerical simulation study on mechanical properties of short column. Nonlinear finite element models of UCC short columns under axial load were bulit, of which the correctness was verified by contrastive analysis. On this basis, ultimate bearing capacity computing formula of UCC29short column was obtained by the regression of computed result, which considered the variation of seal plate thickness and concrete strength. With economical efficiency evaluating indicator and stress concentration factor built, quantitative evaluating indicator for UCC arch centering selection was put forward.
3. Three dimensional finite element modelling study on the arch centering. Load test numerical model of U-type confined concrete arch centering was bulit, carrying capacity, and the force characteristic, deformation behavior and law of three kinds of UCC arch centering under uniform load were analyzed. Based on the typical geology condition of Zhaolou coal mine, the deformation characteristics and the instability and failure mode of UCC arch centering with surrounding rock pressure were researched by numerical simulation. Based on computed result, selective preference of UCC arch centering was conducted by comprehensive analysis of load-carrying properties and economical efficiency of three kinds of UCC arch centerings.
4. Field test study on the arch centering. Considering the characteristic of Second dip entry in Zhaolou coal mine, UCC arch centering support plan was designed, and the field test was carried out, and the surrounding rock control effect of UCC arch centering was analyzed by field monitoring.
引文
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