唐安煤矿3＃煤综放工作面煤层注水参数与施工工艺研究
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摘要
煤层注水作为煤矿防尘、防治冲击地压、预防煤与瓦斯突出、软化顶煤,提高顶煤冒放性等方面较为有效的工业措施已成为采矿界共识,但是由于煤变质程度和赋存条件的千差万别,使得煤层注水效果相差很大。
本文以山西兰花集团唐安煤矿3#煤层为研究对象,首先测定了该煤层的基本物理力学性质、镜质组最大反射率和显微组分,接着对3#煤的水润湿性、裂隙特性、孔隙特性、导水系数及其变化规律进行实验研究,并对3#煤注水渗透性进行综合评价。通过分析确定了对3#煤层进行注水渗透性评价的4个主要评价指标,即导水系数、孔隙率、裂隙分形维数、裂隙条数。并且在大量实验数据的基础上,应用模糊数学理论,得出3#煤渗透性评价指标的测定结果,进而根据煤层注水渗透性评价方法,确定3#煤层渗透性的评价得分为59.63,属于Ⅲ类1级煤层,即3#煤层属于渗透性中等煤层。所以在注水过程中,只要选好注水区域,保证注水时间,在注水中不添加润湿剂,也可以达到较好的注水效果。根据评价结果,建议采用长钻孔动压预注水,注水终压在5MPa以内,注水钻孔间距15m。
通过对3#煤样在不同冲击形式(落锤高度和冲击次数)下的煤样粉尘粒径分布规律和常压浸泡水时间与煤样含水率对粉尘粒径分布规律影响的试验研究,得出了3#煤产尘粒径分布的规律,并且进一步得出煤层注水可以有效减少生产过程中割煤、爆破和钻眼等产生的粉尘量,但注水一定要超前工作面开采20d以上,以增加煤的含水率和水对煤的作用时间。
最后在上述基本研究和前人工作的基础上对3#煤层综放工作面煤层注水的基本参数和注水工艺进行了设计,以及对注水设备进行了选择,并对3410综放工作面给予了具体的注水和监测设计。
Water infusion is not only widely used for guarding against mine disaster such as coal dust blast, pressure bump, gas and coal outburst, but also used for softening top coal, and improving the caving ability of top coal. But Chinese coal embedding condition is multiform, this method does not always receive ideal effect.
The thesis takes LanHua Tang’An No.3 coal seam for example. Firstly, the basic physic and mechanical property, reflectance of vitrinite, and the maceral are determined, then wetting property, crack property, pore size distributing, water conduction coefficient, and its changing rule are experimentally studied, finally the permeability of No.3 coal seam is comprehensively appraised. After analysis, 4 main appraising indexes of permeability of water infusion are chosen. They are water conduction coefficient, porosity ratio, cranny fractal dimension, the quantity of cranny. Based on numbers of experimental datum, the appraising indexes of permeability of No.3 coal is determined with fuzzy mathematical theory, and with the permeability appraising method, the permeability appraising index of No.3 coal is concluded as 59.63, which belongs to the first grade ofⅢ class coal which is classification as the medium coal seam from the permeability view. So in the process of water infusion, only if you choose the proper area for infusion, ensure the infusion time the infusion effect will be won with no wetting agent. According to the appraising result, long drilled hole with moving pressure is advised for water pre-infusion, and the final infusion should be within 5MPa, while the distance between the holes should be 15m.
After studying the dust particle size distribution rates of the sample caused different impacting method (with different hammer dropping height and impacting frequency), and by different soaking time with normal pressure and the moisture content, the dust particle size distribution rule of No.3 coal is got, and it is furtherly concluded that infusing water into coal seam can efficiently reduce the dust produced by cutting coal, blast, and drilling in the process of producing coal. But in order to increase moisture content of coal and time of water affecting coal, water infusion must be taken 20 days before caving work surface.
Finally, based on the above study and other former studies, the basic parameter and technology of infusing water into long-wall top coal caving work surface of No.3 coal seam are designed, the water infusion equipment is chosen, and the specific steps of water infusion and determination are designed for 3410 long-wall top coal caving work surface.
本文以山西兰花集团唐安煤矿3#煤层为研究对象,首先测定了该煤层的基本物理力学性质、镜质组最大反射率和显微组分,接着对3#煤的水润湿性、裂隙特性、孔隙特性、导水系数及其变化规律进行实验研究,并对3#煤注水渗透性进行综合评价。通过分析确定了对3#煤层进行注水渗透性评价的4个主要评价指标,即导水系数、孔隙率、裂隙分形维数、裂隙条数。并且在大量实验数据的基础上,应用模糊数学理论,得出3#煤渗透性评价指标的测定结果,进而根据煤层注水渗透性评价方法,确定3#煤层渗透性的评价得分为59.63,属于Ⅲ类1级煤层,即3#煤层属于渗透性中等煤层。所以在注水过程中,只要选好注水区域,保证注水时间,在注水中不添加润湿剂,也可以达到较好的注水效果。根据评价结果,建议采用长钻孔动压预注水,注水终压在5MPa以内,注水钻孔间距15m。
通过对3#煤样在不同冲击形式(落锤高度和冲击次数)下的煤样粉尘粒径分布规律和常压浸泡水时间与煤样含水率对粉尘粒径分布规律影响的试验研究,得出了3#煤产尘粒径分布的规律,并且进一步得出煤层注水可以有效减少生产过程中割煤、爆破和钻眼等产生的粉尘量,但注水一定要超前工作面开采20d以上,以增加煤的含水率和水对煤的作用时间。
最后在上述基本研究和前人工作的基础上对3#煤层综放工作面煤层注水的基本参数和注水工艺进行了设计,以及对注水设备进行了选择,并对3410综放工作面给予了具体的注水和监测设计。
Water infusion is not only widely used for guarding against mine disaster such as coal dust blast, pressure bump, gas and coal outburst, but also used for softening top coal, and improving the caving ability of top coal. But Chinese coal embedding condition is multiform, this method does not always receive ideal effect.
The thesis takes LanHua Tang’An No.3 coal seam for example. Firstly, the basic physic and mechanical property, reflectance of vitrinite, and the maceral are determined, then wetting property, crack property, pore size distributing, water conduction coefficient, and its changing rule are experimentally studied, finally the permeability of No.3 coal seam is comprehensively appraised. After analysis, 4 main appraising indexes of permeability of water infusion are chosen. They are water conduction coefficient, porosity ratio, cranny fractal dimension, the quantity of cranny. Based on numbers of experimental datum, the appraising indexes of permeability of No.3 coal is determined with fuzzy mathematical theory, and with the permeability appraising method, the permeability appraising index of No.3 coal is concluded as 59.63, which belongs to the first grade ofⅢ class coal which is classification as the medium coal seam from the permeability view. So in the process of water infusion, only if you choose the proper area for infusion, ensure the infusion time the infusion effect will be won with no wetting agent. According to the appraising result, long drilled hole with moving pressure is advised for water pre-infusion, and the final infusion should be within 5MPa, while the distance between the holes should be 15m.
After studying the dust particle size distribution rates of the sample caused different impacting method (with different hammer dropping height and impacting frequency), and by different soaking time with normal pressure and the moisture content, the dust particle size distribution rule of No.3 coal is got, and it is furtherly concluded that infusing water into coal seam can efficiently reduce the dust produced by cutting coal, blast, and drilling in the process of producing coal. But in order to increase moisture content of coal and time of water affecting coal, water infusion must be taken 20 days before caving work surface.
Finally, based on the above study and other former studies, the basic parameter and technology of infusing water into long-wall top coal caving work surface of No.3 coal seam are designed, the water infusion equipment is chosen, and the specific steps of water infusion and determination are designed for 3410 long-wall top coal caving work surface.
引文
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[10]秦来昌,孙云虎,赵宝涛.“三软”煤层采煤工作面煤层注水消突治理瓦斯、煤尘技术[J].煤炭技术,2009,28(11):93-94.
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[12] Steven J.; Organiscak, John A. Using proximate analysis to characterize airborne dust generation from bituminous coals [J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2002,36(6): 721-733.
[13]肖知国,王兆丰.煤层注水防治煤与瓦斯突出机理的研究现状与进展[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(10):150-159.
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