区域创新体系对跨国公司在华设立研发中心的影响
摘要
以跨国公司为主要载体的对外直接投资,在当今世界经济中发挥着重要作用。而国际直接投资新的变化趋势之一就是跨国公司研究开发日益全球化。现有的研究表明,跨国公司在东道国设立研发中心带来的技术溢出效应有助于推动东道国的技术创新和整体经济的发展。因此,本文从东道国角度,着重探讨区域创新体系对吸引跨国公司研发投资的影响。
本文分六章。第一章主要说明了研究的主体和背景以及文章研究的思路和方法。第二章详细介绍区域创新体系和跨国公司研发国际化的理论基础,为实证分析提供理论依据。第三章对跨国公司在华设立研发中心的发展现状给了概括性论述,并分析了跨国公司在华设立研发中心对中国区域创新体系的影响。第四章具体就区域创新体系与跨国公司在华设立研发中心之间的关系进行实证研究,建立了两者之间关系的线性回归模型。第五章列举典型区域创新体系的城市,并借鉴印度班加罗尔在区域创新体系建设的经验,并结合这些经验来探讨中国区域创新体系建设的不足之处。最后一章就实证分析的结果,针对性的对基于衡量区域创新体系各综合指标的吸引跨国公司在华设立研发中心提出了政策建议。
本文的创新点:1、从东道国的角度来研究。大多数学者都是从跨国公司的角度展开研究,而从东道国的角度来研究跨国公司设立研发中心的行为不多,尤其是针对区域创新体系与跨国公司研发之间关系的研究更是少见。本文以东道国的角度为视角,对区域创新体系与跨国公司在华设立研发中心的关系进行实证研究,提出了完善区域创新体系,以此吸引跨国公司在华设立研发中心和引导跨国公司在华的研发中心合理分布的政策和建议。2、从区域创新体系的角度来研究。现有的学者主要是从对跨国公司选址的角度来分析影响的因素,而从区域创新体系的整体角度的研究是比较少见的。本文从区域创新体系的整体来考虑,并分别分析了包括知识创造、知识获取、技术创新、创新绩效和创新环境共五个综合指标分别的影响,是本文的又一大创新。
FDI, taking MNCs as the main carrier, is playing important role in today's economy in the world. One of new tendencies of FDI is the globalization of MNCs' R&D day by day. The existing research indicates that the technical overflow effects brought by MNCs' R&D are helpful in impelling technology innovation and overall economy development in host countries. From the host countries' angle, the article discusses the impacts of regional innovation system on attracting MNCs' R&D.
The paper consists six chapters. Chapter 1 mainly focus on subjects, backgrounds, ideas and methods of the research. Chapter 2 introduces theoretical basis of regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D internationalization for empirical analysis. Chaper3 gives a general exposition of development situation of MNCs setting up R&D centers in China, and then analyzes the impacts of regional innovation system on MNCs setting up R&D centers in China. Chapter 4 studies empirically the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D and establishes the linear regression model. Chapter 5 lists typical cities of regional innovation system and learns from Bangalore, India in the experiences of regional innovation system, which tells us the differences between Bangalore and China. The final chapter proposes political suggestions on attracting MNCs setting up more R&D centers in China, which is based on various subsystems of regional innovation system.
The innovation points of this paper: 1. From the perspective of host countries to study. Most scholars studies on the perspective of MNCs. There is little study on the perspective of host countries, especially against the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D. The paper studies from the perspective of host countries, and studies empirically on the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D. According to the empirical results, the paper proposes improving regional innovation system to attract more and more MNCs' R&D centers in China, and proposes political suggestions to guide the reasonable distribution of R&D centers in China. 2. From the perspective of regional innovation system to study.
The existing scholars mainly study from the perspective of location of MNCs to analyze influencing factors. There is little study from the perspective of the whole innovation system, not only considering several factors. In this way, the paper analyses impacts of five composite indicators including knowledge innovation, knowledge acquisition, technology innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment on MNCs' R&D. This is another innovation of the paper.
本文分六章。第一章主要说明了研究的主体和背景以及文章研究的思路和方法。第二章详细介绍区域创新体系和跨国公司研发国际化的理论基础,为实证分析提供理论依据。第三章对跨国公司在华设立研发中心的发展现状给了概括性论述,并分析了跨国公司在华设立研发中心对中国区域创新体系的影响。第四章具体就区域创新体系与跨国公司在华设立研发中心之间的关系进行实证研究,建立了两者之间关系的线性回归模型。第五章列举典型区域创新体系的城市,并借鉴印度班加罗尔在区域创新体系建设的经验,并结合这些经验来探讨中国区域创新体系建设的不足之处。最后一章就实证分析的结果,针对性的对基于衡量区域创新体系各综合指标的吸引跨国公司在华设立研发中心提出了政策建议。
本文的创新点:1、从东道国的角度来研究。大多数学者都是从跨国公司的角度展开研究,而从东道国的角度来研究跨国公司设立研发中心的行为不多,尤其是针对区域创新体系与跨国公司研发之间关系的研究更是少见。本文以东道国的角度为视角,对区域创新体系与跨国公司在华设立研发中心的关系进行实证研究,提出了完善区域创新体系,以此吸引跨国公司在华设立研发中心和引导跨国公司在华的研发中心合理分布的政策和建议。2、从区域创新体系的角度来研究。现有的学者主要是从对跨国公司选址的角度来分析影响的因素,而从区域创新体系的整体角度的研究是比较少见的。本文从区域创新体系的整体来考虑,并分别分析了包括知识创造、知识获取、技术创新、创新绩效和创新环境共五个综合指标分别的影响,是本文的又一大创新。
FDI, taking MNCs as the main carrier, is playing important role in today's economy in the world. One of new tendencies of FDI is the globalization of MNCs' R&D day by day. The existing research indicates that the technical overflow effects brought by MNCs' R&D are helpful in impelling technology innovation and overall economy development in host countries. From the host countries' angle, the article discusses the impacts of regional innovation system on attracting MNCs' R&D.
The paper consists six chapters. Chapter 1 mainly focus on subjects, backgrounds, ideas and methods of the research. Chapter 2 introduces theoretical basis of regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D internationalization for empirical analysis. Chaper3 gives a general exposition of development situation of MNCs setting up R&D centers in China, and then analyzes the impacts of regional innovation system on MNCs setting up R&D centers in China. Chapter 4 studies empirically the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D and establishes the linear regression model. Chapter 5 lists typical cities of regional innovation system and learns from Bangalore, India in the experiences of regional innovation system, which tells us the differences between Bangalore and China. The final chapter proposes political suggestions on attracting MNCs setting up more R&D centers in China, which is based on various subsystems of regional innovation system.
The innovation points of this paper: 1. From the perspective of host countries to study. Most scholars studies on the perspective of MNCs. There is little study on the perspective of host countries, especially against the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D. The paper studies from the perspective of host countries, and studies empirically on the relationship between regional innovation system and MNCs' R&D. According to the empirical results, the paper proposes improving regional innovation system to attract more and more MNCs' R&D centers in China, and proposes political suggestions to guide the reasonable distribution of R&D centers in China. 2. From the perspective of regional innovation system to study.
The existing scholars mainly study from the perspective of location of MNCs to analyze influencing factors. There is little study from the perspective of the whole innovation system, not only considering several factors. In this way, the paper analyses impacts of five composite indicators including knowledge innovation, knowledge acquisition, technology innovation, innovation performance and innovation environment on MNCs' R&D. This is another innovation of the paper.
引文
[1]Dunning J.Multinational Enterprises and the Globalization of Innovatory Capacity[M].Wiley,Chi Chester,1992.
[2]D.H.Dalton,M.G.Serapio.Globlizing Industrial Research and Development.U.S.[M],Department of Commerce,Technology Administration Office of Technology Policy,1999.
[3]J.Howells,M.Wood.The Globalization Production and Technology,London:Belhaven Press,1993.
[4]Von Zedtwiz Max.Management foreign R&D laboratories in China[J].R&D Management 2004,(34):439-452.
[5]胡志坚,苏靖.区域创新系统理论的提出与发展[J].中国科技论坛,1999(6):20-23.
[6]OECD:Managing National Innovation Systems[M].Paris:OECD,1999.146-147.
[7]Freeman C.Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons from Japan[M].London:Pinter Publishers.1987.
[8]斋藤优,王月辉译.技术开发论——日本的技术开发机制与政策[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社.1996,96-110.
[9]Cooke P,Uranga MIG,Etxebarria G.Regional Systems of Innovation:An Evolutionary Perspective[J].Environment and Planning,1998(30):1563-1584.
[10]刘曙光.区域创新系统——理论探讨与实证研究[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2004.
[11]Kuemmerle W.The Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment into Research and Development An Empirical Investigation[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1999(30):1-24.
[12]Pearce R.The Internationalization of Research and Development by Multinational Enterprises[M].New York,NY:St.Martin.spress,1989.
[13]Cheng,J.and Bolon,D.The Management of Multinational R&D:A Neglected Topic in International Business Research[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1993(24).
[14]Lall S.The International Allocation of Research Activity by U.S.Multinationals[J].Oxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics,1979(41):313-331.
[15]Hewitt G.Research and Development Performed Abroad by U.S.Manufacturing Multinaitonals[J].Kyklos,1980(33):308-327.
[16]Hirschey,Robert C.and Richard E.Caves.Research and Transfer of Technology by Multinational Enterprises.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1981(43):115-130.
[17]Zejan,M.C.R&D Activities in Affiliates of Swedish Multinational Enterprise[J].Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1990,92(3):487-500.
[18]Kumar.N.Intellectual Property Protection,Market Orientation and Location of Overseas R&D Activities by Multinational Enterprises[R].Discussion Paper Series.The United Nations University,1995.
[19]杜德斌.跨国公司R&D全球化的区位模式研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001.
[20]喻友欣,沈群红,王书贵.全球化战略下跨国公司在华研发投资布局[J].管理世界,2002,(3):46-54.
[21]涂涛涛,张建华.跨国公司R&D投资的国别选择[J].统计与决策,2005(4):43-44.
[22]何琼,王铮.跨国R&D投资在中国的区位因素分析[J].中国软科学,2006(7):113-120.
[23]李蕊.跨国公司在华研发投资与中国技术跨越式发展[M].经济科学出版社,2004:74-103.
[24]薛澜,沈群红,王书贵.全球化战略下跨国公司在华研发投资布局[J].管理世界,2002,(3):33-42.
[25]周立群,祝茂.跨国公司研发中心向中国转移的特点及其影响.学术探索,2004,(4):71-74.
[26]江小涓.跨国公司在华投资企业的研发行为[J].科技导报,2000(9):27-31.
[27]寇文煜,杨安怀.关于跨国公司研究开发国际化的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2004(3):45-47.
[28]中国科技发展战略研究小组.中国区域创新能力报告(2001-2006).北京:科学出版社,2001-2006.
[29]国家统计局、科学技术部.中国科技统计年鉴(2000-2004).北京:中国统计出版社.2001-2004.
[30]萧政.面板数据分析(第二版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[31]李蕊.跨国公司在华研发投资趋势[J].经济参考研究,2005(15):16-17.
[32]刘曙光,徐树建.区域创新系统的研究及启示[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2002(3):29-32.
[33]黄鲁成.关于区域创新系统研究内容的探讨[J].科研管理,2000(2):43-48.
[34]柳卸林、胡志坚.中国区域创新能力的分布与成因[J].科学学研究,2002(5):550-556.
[35]吴显英.区域技术创新能力评价中的因子分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2003(4):233-236.
[36]何亚琼 秦沛.一种新的区域创新能力评价视角——区域创新网络成熟度评价指标体系建设研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(11):88-92.
[37]陈林生.外商投资在区域创新体系中的作用——以上海浦东新区为例[J].世界贸易组织动态与研究,2007(7):27-28.
[38]邓海波.跨国公司在华R&D活动对中国企业技术创新能力影响的研究[c].硕士毕业论文,2005.
[39]长城战略研究所.跨国公司在京研究与开发(R&D)投资研究报告(修订版)[R].2001.
[40]陈琪.关于构建湖北区域创新体系的思考[J].科技创业月刊,2007(7):19-21.
[41]楚天骄.跨国公司在发展中国家R&D投资的区位选择模式研究[C].华东示范大学博士学位论文,2004.
[42]沈玉芳,彭彩娥.在华外商投资R&D中心建设与中国经济发展关系研究.世界地理研究,2004(9):1-9.
[43]杨忠,王言峰.跨国公司在华R&D机构研发绩效状况分析[J].研究与发展管理,2006(6):66-73
[2]D.H.Dalton,M.G.Serapio.Globlizing Industrial Research and Development.U.S.[M],Department of Commerce,Technology Administration Office of Technology Policy,1999.
[3]J.Howells,M.Wood.The Globalization Production and Technology,London:Belhaven Press,1993.
[4]Von Zedtwiz Max.Management foreign R&D laboratories in China[J].R&D Management 2004,(34):439-452.
[5]胡志坚,苏靖.区域创新系统理论的提出与发展[J].中国科技论坛,1999(6):20-23.
[6]OECD:Managing National Innovation Systems[M].Paris:OECD,1999.146-147.
[7]Freeman C.Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons from Japan[M].London:Pinter Publishers.1987.
[8]斋藤优,王月辉译.技术开发论——日本的技术开发机制与政策[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社.1996,96-110.
[9]Cooke P,Uranga MIG,Etxebarria G.Regional Systems of Innovation:An Evolutionary Perspective[J].Environment and Planning,1998(30):1563-1584.
[10]刘曙光.区域创新系统——理论探讨与实证研究[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2004.
[11]Kuemmerle W.The Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment into Research and Development An Empirical Investigation[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1999(30):1-24.
[12]Pearce R.The Internationalization of Research and Development by Multinational Enterprises[M].New York,NY:St.Martin.spress,1989.
[13]Cheng,J.and Bolon,D.The Management of Multinational R&D:A Neglected Topic in International Business Research[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1993(24).
[14]Lall S.The International Allocation of Research Activity by U.S.Multinationals[J].Oxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics,1979(41):313-331.
[15]Hewitt G.Research and Development Performed Abroad by U.S.Manufacturing Multinaitonals[J].Kyklos,1980(33):308-327.
[16]Hirschey,Robert C.and Richard E.Caves.Research and Transfer of Technology by Multinational Enterprises.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,1981(43):115-130.
[17]Zejan,M.C.R&D Activities in Affiliates of Swedish Multinational Enterprise[J].Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1990,92(3):487-500.
[18]Kumar.N.Intellectual Property Protection,Market Orientation and Location of Overseas R&D Activities by Multinational Enterprises[R].Discussion Paper Series.The United Nations University,1995.
[19]杜德斌.跨国公司R&D全球化的区位模式研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001.
[20]喻友欣,沈群红,王书贵.全球化战略下跨国公司在华研发投资布局[J].管理世界,2002,(3):46-54.
[21]涂涛涛,张建华.跨国公司R&D投资的国别选择[J].统计与决策,2005(4):43-44.
[22]何琼,王铮.跨国R&D投资在中国的区位因素分析[J].中国软科学,2006(7):113-120.
[23]李蕊.跨国公司在华研发投资与中国技术跨越式发展[M].经济科学出版社,2004:74-103.
[24]薛澜,沈群红,王书贵.全球化战略下跨国公司在华研发投资布局[J].管理世界,2002,(3):33-42.
[25]周立群,祝茂.跨国公司研发中心向中国转移的特点及其影响.学术探索,2004,(4):71-74.
[26]江小涓.跨国公司在华投资企业的研发行为[J].科技导报,2000(9):27-31.
[27]寇文煜,杨安怀.关于跨国公司研究开发国际化的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2004(3):45-47.
[28]中国科技发展战略研究小组.中国区域创新能力报告(2001-2006).北京:科学出版社,2001-2006.
[29]国家统计局、科学技术部.中国科技统计年鉴(2000-2004).北京:中国统计出版社.2001-2004.
[30]萧政.面板数据分析(第二版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[31]李蕊.跨国公司在华研发投资趋势[J].经济参考研究,2005(15):16-17.
[32]刘曙光,徐树建.区域创新系统的研究及启示[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2002(3):29-32.
[33]黄鲁成.关于区域创新系统研究内容的探讨[J].科研管理,2000(2):43-48.
[34]柳卸林、胡志坚.中国区域创新能力的分布与成因[J].科学学研究,2002(5):550-556.
[35]吴显英.区域技术创新能力评价中的因子分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2003(4):233-236.
[36]何亚琼 秦沛.一种新的区域创新能力评价视角——区域创新网络成熟度评价指标体系建设研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版),2005(11):88-92.
[37]陈林生.外商投资在区域创新体系中的作用——以上海浦东新区为例[J].世界贸易组织动态与研究,2007(7):27-28.
[38]邓海波.跨国公司在华R&D活动对中国企业技术创新能力影响的研究[c].硕士毕业论文,2005.
[39]长城战略研究所.跨国公司在京研究与开发(R&D)投资研究报告(修订版)[R].2001.
[40]陈琪.关于构建湖北区域创新体系的思考[J].科技创业月刊,2007(7):19-21.
[41]楚天骄.跨国公司在发展中国家R&D投资的区位选择模式研究[C].华东示范大学博士学位论文,2004.
[42]沈玉芳,彭彩娥.在华外商投资R&D中心建设与中国经济发展关系研究.世界地理研究,2004(9):1-9.
[43]杨忠,王言峰.跨国公司在华R&D机构研发绩效状况分析[J].研究与发展管理,2006(6):66-73