基于光纤环形腔的掺铒光纤激光器的研究
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摘要
有源光纤环形腔,由于在腔中含有增益介质,所以其工作特性具有多态性。在阈值以下即环形腔本身不产生激光时,可作为扫描式光谱分析仪、滤波器和延时线等等;在阈值以上时,则能成为环形腔激光器和环形腔光纤陀螺等。根据不同的需要,可在腔中放入相应的增益介质,其中由掺铒光纤+泵浦组成的有源光纤环形腔掺铒光纤环形腔最受人们的重视。
本文将在掺铒光纤环形腔的基础上展开对掺铒光纤激光器的理论和试验研究,所作的具体工作如下:
(1)采用二能级结构模型对掺铒光纤激光器进行设计。对其增益、输出功率特性进行了理论分析,推导出了计算增益、最佳光纤长度、光纤掺铒浓度、最佳输出耦合比、重叠积分因子等重要参量的公式。并分析了影响激光器输出的各种因素:腔长、输出耦合比、谐振腔损耗。利用现有设备,测量了掺铒光纤的自发辐射谱,研制出了掺铒光纤环腔激光器,得到了线宽O.93nm、输出功率-1dBm的激光输出。
(2)对注入锁定技术进行了理论研究,给出了光纤环形腔注入锁定的带宽公式。并进行了光纤环形腔激光器注入锁定的试验研究,得到了输出光功率约为2dBm,线宽约为0.64nm的注入锁定激光输出,并对试验现象进行了分析。
(3)深入分析了单/双道Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)光纤干涉滤波器的滤波特性和复合腔选模的工作原理。并利用M-Z光纤干涉仪作为梳状滤波器,并和复合腔共同选模,在常温下我们获得了两个波长同时输出的掺铒光纤环形腔激光器。这一装置具有结构简单,器件价格低,实现容易等优点。
Because there is gain material in the resonator, the active fiber ring resonators show polymorphic characteristics in their different working state. Under the threshold, the active fiber ring resonator can be used as scanning optical spectrum analyzers, optical filters or delay-line and so on. Upper the threshold, the active fiber ring resonator could become the fiber ring laser or fiber ring Cyroscope etc. According to different applications, some varied kinds of material can be implanted into the resonator. And among these structures, the active fiber ring resonator with Erbium-doped fiber pumped by laser diode (LD) is one of the most important ones.
Basing on the Erbium-doped fiber ring resonator,Erbium-doped fiber laser was researched theoretically and experimentally, Which include:
(1)Gain and output power of EDFL are discussed based on the two energy level modeling method. Some analytical equations of important parameters such as gain, fiber length, erbium concentration, coupling coefficient are derived. The factors that influenced the output of the laser are analyzed theoretically. The output power of the laser is observed to be related with the length of EDF, the coupled-ration of the output coupler and the loss of splicing.We carried out the steady state experiments by employing the existing experiment equipments. The spontaneous-emission spectrum of erbium-doped fiber was measured. We developed an erbium-doped fiber ring laser which the line-width and the output power of this laser are 0.93nm and -1dBm, respectively.
(2)The technique of injection locking was analyzed theoretically. The line-with is deduced under this modulation. An injection locking Erbium doped fiber ring laser has been researched experimentally. We gained a laser with the line-width and the output power of this laser being 0.64nm and 2dBm, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the result of the experiment.
(3)Thorough analyzed the work principle of the single/double channels Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) fiber interferometer and choosing modes with composite cavity. And we demonstrate experimentally a two-wavelength Erbium-doped fiber ring laser by using a Mach一Zehnder fiber interferometer and composite cavity. As a result, a fiber ring resonator laser with simultaneous two-wavelength oscillations are obtained in room temperature. This device has advantageous of simple design fabrication and low cost et al.
本文将在掺铒光纤环形腔的基础上展开对掺铒光纤激光器的理论和试验研究,所作的具体工作如下:
(1)采用二能级结构模型对掺铒光纤激光器进行设计。对其增益、输出功率特性进行了理论分析,推导出了计算增益、最佳光纤长度、光纤掺铒浓度、最佳输出耦合比、重叠积分因子等重要参量的公式。并分析了影响激光器输出的各种因素:腔长、输出耦合比、谐振腔损耗。利用现有设备,测量了掺铒光纤的自发辐射谱,研制出了掺铒光纤环腔激光器,得到了线宽O.93nm、输出功率-1dBm的激光输出。
(2)对注入锁定技术进行了理论研究,给出了光纤环形腔注入锁定的带宽公式。并进行了光纤环形腔激光器注入锁定的试验研究,得到了输出光功率约为2dBm,线宽约为0.64nm的注入锁定激光输出,并对试验现象进行了分析。
(3)深入分析了单/双道Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)光纤干涉滤波器的滤波特性和复合腔选模的工作原理。并利用M-Z光纤干涉仪作为梳状滤波器,并和复合腔共同选模,在常温下我们获得了两个波长同时输出的掺铒光纤环形腔激光器。这一装置具有结构简单,器件价格低,实现容易等优点。
Because there is gain material in the resonator, the active fiber ring resonators show polymorphic characteristics in their different working state. Under the threshold, the active fiber ring resonator can be used as scanning optical spectrum analyzers, optical filters or delay-line and so on. Upper the threshold, the active fiber ring resonator could become the fiber ring laser or fiber ring Cyroscope etc. According to different applications, some varied kinds of material can be implanted into the resonator. And among these structures, the active fiber ring resonator with Erbium-doped fiber pumped by laser diode (LD) is one of the most important ones.
Basing on the Erbium-doped fiber ring resonator,Erbium-doped fiber laser was researched theoretically and experimentally, Which include:
(1)Gain and output power of EDFL are discussed based on the two energy level modeling method. Some analytical equations of important parameters such as gain, fiber length, erbium concentration, coupling coefficient are derived. The factors that influenced the output of the laser are analyzed theoretically. The output power of the laser is observed to be related with the length of EDF, the coupled-ration of the output coupler and the loss of splicing.We carried out the steady state experiments by employing the existing experiment equipments. The spontaneous-emission spectrum of erbium-doped fiber was measured. We developed an erbium-doped fiber ring laser which the line-width and the output power of this laser are 0.93nm and -1dBm, respectively.
(2)The technique of injection locking was analyzed theoretically. The line-with is deduced under this modulation. An injection locking Erbium doped fiber ring laser has been researched experimentally. We gained a laser with the line-width and the output power of this laser being 0.64nm and 2dBm, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the result of the experiment.
(3)Thorough analyzed the work principle of the single/double channels Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) fiber interferometer and choosing modes with composite cavity. And we demonstrate experimentally a two-wavelength Erbium-doped fiber ring laser by using a Mach一Zehnder fiber interferometer and composite cavity. As a result, a fiber ring resonator laser with simultaneous two-wavelength oscillations are obtained in room temperature. This device has advantageous of simple design fabrication and low cost et al.
引文
[1]K.C.Kao and G.A.Hocknam. “Dielectric-fiber surface waveguides for optical frequencies.”IEE Proc.J.,pp:1151～1158,1966
[2]S.B.Poole.“Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions.”Electron.Lett.,pp:737～738,1985
[3]I.P.Alocock et al. “Q-switched operation of a neodmium-doped monomode fiber laser.”Electron.Lett.,1986
[4]C.A.Millar et al.“Concentration and co-doping dependence of 4F3/2 to 4I11/2 lasing behaviour of Nd3+ silica fibers.” Conference on Optical Fiber Communications.Reno.USA.January,1987
[5]I.D.Miller et al.“New all-fiber laser.”Conference on Optical Fiber Communications.Reno.USA.January,1987
[6]M.Zum et al.“Line narrowing and spectral hole burning in single mode Nd3+-fiber lasers.”Opt.Lett.,1987(12)
[7]M.Shimitzu et al. High efficiency Nd-doped fiber laser using directcoated dielectric mirrors.”Electron.Lett.,1987
[8]S.Amano et al.“Lasing characteristics of Nd:phosphate glass fiber laser.” European Conference on Optical Communication. Helsinki.Finland,1987
[9]T.Gozen et al.“Development of high Nd3+ content VAD single-mode fiber by the molecular stuffing technique."IEEE/OSA Conference on Optical Fiber Communication.New Orleans.Louisiana.USA.1988
[10]H.Po et al. “Neodymium fiber lasers at 0.905,1.06 and 1.4pm.” Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Opt.Soc.Am.paper FD4.1986
[11]K.Liu et al.“10mw superflourescent single-mode fiber source at 1060nm” Electron.Lett.,1987 (23)
[12]阎春生,刘永智.光纤激光器的研究与发展.半导体光电.1997,10:291～296
[13]K.Lwatsuki.Wavelength tunable single frequncy Er-doped fiber ring resonator with 1.4Khz linewith”Electron.Lett,1990,26(24):203～205
[14]H.Schmack,T.Pfeiffer,G.veith. Widely tunable narrow linewidth Er-doped fiber ring laser.Electron.Lett,1991,27(23);2117～2118
[15]N.Park,J.W.Dawson,K.J.Valhala. Multiple wavelength Operation of an erbrium-doped fiber laser. IEEE Photon. Tech.Lett.1992,4(6):540～541
[16]V.Poulsen,M.Sejka. Highly optimized tunable Er-doped single longitudinal mode fiber ring laser,experiment and model.IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett,1993,5(6):646～648
[17]O.Graydon,W.H.Loh,R.I.Laming,et.al.Co-lasing in an electrically tunable erbrium-doped fiber laser.Electron.Lett.,29(12):1089～1091
[18]S.Waiyapot,M.Matusumoto.Stability and jitter of an actively mode-locked dispersion-managed fiber ring laser.OFC 2001,2001,WA3-1～WA3-3
[19]陈建,艾和志等人,全光纤复合腔环形激光器及旋转传感的试验研究.中国激光,1999,26(7):581～584
[20]林祥芝,安宏林等人.全光纤色散腔掺铒光纤激光器.光学学报,1998,18(4):507～509
[21]赵东辉,杨秀峰等人.一种多波长窄线宽环形掺铒光纤激光器。光子学报,1998,27(5):459～461
[22] 张 劲 松 , 赵 玉 成 等 人 . 单 频 DBR 光 纤 激 光 器 的 设 计 . 光 通 信 研究,1998,sum.No.86(2)
[23]黄志坚,孙军强,黄德修,非线性放大复合环形镜及被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器德研究,中国激光,1998,25(9):774～780
[24]明海,刘宇等人。掺Nd3+光纤环形腔激光器及其对激光陀螺的可能应用.中国科学技术 大学学报,1993,23(3):294～298
[25]Y.H.Chew,T.T.Tjhung,F.V.C.Mendis.An optical filter of adjustable finessc using an amplified fiber ring resonator.J.L.Tech,1997, 15(2):364～370
[26]谢增华,延凤平,龚岩栋等。环形腔光纤陀螺中减小偏振噪声的方法研究,压电与声光,1997,19(6):372～374
[27]钱景人,张志淳,张华,丁衡高.保持法拉第效应的光纤环形腔结构.光学学报,1998,18(3):324～329
[28]L.F.Stokes,M.Choderow,H.J.Shaw,“All single mode resonator”, Opt.Lett 17(6):230～288,1982
[29]J.E.Bowers,S.Newton,“Filter response of single mode fiber recirculating delay lines”,Eleciron.Lett.,18:110～112,1982
[30]V.Vali,R.W.Shorthill,“fiber ring interferometer”,Applied Optics., 15:1099～1100,1976
[31]孙圣和,王廷云,徐影.光纤测量与传感技术.哈尔滨工业大学出版.2000.1
[32]刘学峰,孙军强,王宏锷等.小芯径掺铒光纤与单模光纤低损耗接续的研究.光学学报.1994,14(8),854～857
[33]葛春风,赵东辉,杨秀峰,刘志国,吕可诚,懂孝义,可调协环形腔光纤光栅激光器,光学学报,1999,Vol.19,No.6:762～765
[34]B.Van der Pol.Forced oscillations in a circuit with nonlinear resistnce. Phil.Mag.Series 7,1927,3:65～80
[35]R.Adler.A study of locking phenomena in oscillators.Proc.I.R.E,1946, 34:351～357
[36]K.Kurokawa.Injection licking of microwave solid-state oscillators. Proc.IEEE,1973,61:1386～1410
[37]H.L.Stover,W.H.Steier.Locking of laser oscillators by light injection. Appl.Phys.Lett,1966,8:91～93
[38]C.J.Buczek,R.J.Freiberg.Hybrid injection locking of higher power CO2 lasers.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1972,QE 8:641～650
[39]R.Lang.Injection locking properties of a semiconductor laser.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1982,QE-18(6):976～983
[40]F.Migensen,H Otesen,G.Jacobsen.Locking conditions and stability properties for a semiconductor laser with external light injection.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1985,QE-21(7):784～793
[41]H.Li,T.L.Lucas,J.G.Mcinerney,et al.Injection locking dynamics of vertical cavity semiconductor lasers under conventional and phase conjugate injection.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1996,QE-32(2):227～235
[42]李林林.注入锁定半导体激光器稳定范围的解析表示。中国激光,1994,21(8) 613～616
[43]王晓辉,陈徐宗,候继东等.用于激光冷却的半导体激光器大频差边模注入锁定的理论及试验研究。物理学报,2000,49(1):85～93
[44]Yamashita S.et al.Single-polarization operation of fiber distributed feedback(DFB) laser by injection locking.J.lightwaveTech,2000,17(3): 509～513
[45]Park N,Dawson J.W, Valhala K.J.“Multiple wavelength operation of an Erbium-doped fiber laser.”IEEE Phonton.Technol.Lett.,pp:540～541,1992
[46]Shenping Li,Hao Ding and K.T.Chan.“Erbium-doped fiber lasers for dual wavelength operation.”Electron.Lett.,pp:52～53,1997
[47]Jong Chow,Graham Town,Ben Eggleton et al.“Multiwavelength generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser using in-fiber comb filter.”IEEE Photo. Technol.Lett.,pp:60～62,1996
[48]Weis R S,Kersey A D,Berkoff T A.“A four-element fiber grating sensor array with phase sensitive detection.”IEEE Photo.Technol.Lett., pp:1469～1472,1994
[49]Kersey A D,Berkoff T A,Morey W W.“High resolution fiber grating based strain sensor with interferometric wavelength shift detection.” Electron.Lett.,pp:236～238,1992
[50]Zhao Donghui,Liu Yunqi,Dong Xiaoyi et al.“Multiwavelength fiber ring laser utilizing cooled erbium-doped fiber.”Acta Optic Sinica,pp:201～203 2000
[51]An H L,Lin X Z,Pun EYB et al.“Multiwavelength operation of erbium-dopend fiber ring laser using a dual-pass Mach-Zhnder comb filter.”Opt.Commun, pp:159～165,1999
[2]S.B.Poole.“Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions.”Electron.Lett.,pp:737～738,1985
[3]I.P.Alocock et al. “Q-switched operation of a neodmium-doped monomode fiber laser.”Electron.Lett.,1986
[4]C.A.Millar et al.“Concentration and co-doping dependence of 4F3/2 to 4I11/2 lasing behaviour of Nd3+ silica fibers.” Conference on Optical Fiber Communications.Reno.USA.January,1987
[5]I.D.Miller et al.“New all-fiber laser.”Conference on Optical Fiber Communications.Reno.USA.January,1987
[6]M.Zum et al.“Line narrowing and spectral hole burning in single mode Nd3+-fiber lasers.”Opt.Lett.,1987(12)
[7]M.Shimitzu et al. High efficiency Nd-doped fiber laser using directcoated dielectric mirrors.”Electron.Lett.,1987
[8]S.Amano et al.“Lasing characteristics of Nd:phosphate glass fiber laser.” European Conference on Optical Communication. Helsinki.Finland,1987
[9]T.Gozen et al.“Development of high Nd3+ content VAD single-mode fiber by the molecular stuffing technique."IEEE/OSA Conference on Optical Fiber Communication.New Orleans.Louisiana.USA.1988
[10]H.Po et al. “Neodymium fiber lasers at 0.905,1.06 and 1.4pm.” Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Opt.Soc.Am.paper FD4.1986
[11]K.Liu et al.“10mw superflourescent single-mode fiber source at 1060nm” Electron.Lett.,1987 (23)
[12]阎春生,刘永智.光纤激光器的研究与发展.半导体光电.1997,10:291～296
[13]K.Lwatsuki.Wavelength tunable single frequncy Er-doped fiber ring resonator with 1.4Khz linewith”Electron.Lett,1990,26(24):203～205
[14]H.Schmack,T.Pfeiffer,G.veith. Widely tunable narrow linewidth Er-doped fiber ring laser.Electron.Lett,1991,27(23);2117～2118
[15]N.Park,J.W.Dawson,K.J.Valhala. Multiple wavelength Operation of an erbrium-doped fiber laser. IEEE Photon. Tech.Lett.1992,4(6):540～541
[16]V.Poulsen,M.Sejka. Highly optimized tunable Er-doped single longitudinal mode fiber ring laser,experiment and model.IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett,1993,5(6):646～648
[17]O.Graydon,W.H.Loh,R.I.Laming,et.al.Co-lasing in an electrically tunable erbrium-doped fiber laser.Electron.Lett.,29(12):1089～1091
[18]S.Waiyapot,M.Matusumoto.Stability and jitter of an actively mode-locked dispersion-managed fiber ring laser.OFC 2001,2001,WA3-1～WA3-3
[19]陈建,艾和志等人,全光纤复合腔环形激光器及旋转传感的试验研究.中国激光,1999,26(7):581～584
[20]林祥芝,安宏林等人.全光纤色散腔掺铒光纤激光器.光学学报,1998,18(4):507～509
[21]赵东辉,杨秀峰等人.一种多波长窄线宽环形掺铒光纤激光器。光子学报,1998,27(5):459～461
[22] 张 劲 松 , 赵 玉 成 等 人 . 单 频 DBR 光 纤 激 光 器 的 设 计 . 光 通 信 研究,1998,sum.No.86(2)
[23]黄志坚,孙军强,黄德修,非线性放大复合环形镜及被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器德研究,中国激光,1998,25(9):774～780
[24]明海,刘宇等人。掺Nd3+光纤环形腔激光器及其对激光陀螺的可能应用.中国科学技术 大学学报,1993,23(3):294～298
[25]Y.H.Chew,T.T.Tjhung,F.V.C.Mendis.An optical filter of adjustable finessc using an amplified fiber ring resonator.J.L.Tech,1997, 15(2):364～370
[26]谢增华,延凤平,龚岩栋等。环形腔光纤陀螺中减小偏振噪声的方法研究,压电与声光,1997,19(6):372～374
[27]钱景人,张志淳,张华,丁衡高.保持法拉第效应的光纤环形腔结构.光学学报,1998,18(3):324～329
[28]L.F.Stokes,M.Choderow,H.J.Shaw,“All single mode resonator”, Opt.Lett 17(6):230～288,1982
[29]J.E.Bowers,S.Newton,“Filter response of single mode fiber recirculating delay lines”,Eleciron.Lett.,18:110～112,1982
[30]V.Vali,R.W.Shorthill,“fiber ring interferometer”,Applied Optics., 15:1099～1100,1976
[31]孙圣和,王廷云,徐影.光纤测量与传感技术.哈尔滨工业大学出版.2000.1
[32]刘学峰,孙军强,王宏锷等.小芯径掺铒光纤与单模光纤低损耗接续的研究.光学学报.1994,14(8),854～857
[33]葛春风,赵东辉,杨秀峰,刘志国,吕可诚,懂孝义,可调协环形腔光纤光栅激光器,光学学报,1999,Vol.19,No.6:762～765
[34]B.Van der Pol.Forced oscillations in a circuit with nonlinear resistnce. Phil.Mag.Series 7,1927,3:65～80
[35]R.Adler.A study of locking phenomena in oscillators.Proc.I.R.E,1946, 34:351～357
[36]K.Kurokawa.Injection licking of microwave solid-state oscillators. Proc.IEEE,1973,61:1386～1410
[37]H.L.Stover,W.H.Steier.Locking of laser oscillators by light injection. Appl.Phys.Lett,1966,8:91～93
[38]C.J.Buczek,R.J.Freiberg.Hybrid injection locking of higher power CO2 lasers.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1972,QE 8:641～650
[39]R.Lang.Injection locking properties of a semiconductor laser.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1982,QE-18(6):976～983
[40]F.Migensen,H Otesen,G.Jacobsen.Locking conditions and stability properties for a semiconductor laser with external light injection.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1985,QE-21(7):784～793
[41]H.Li,T.L.Lucas,J.G.Mcinerney,et al.Injection locking dynamics of vertical cavity semiconductor lasers under conventional and phase conjugate injection.IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1996,QE-32(2):227～235
[42]李林林.注入锁定半导体激光器稳定范围的解析表示。中国激光,1994,21(8) 613～616
[43]王晓辉,陈徐宗,候继东等.用于激光冷却的半导体激光器大频差边模注入锁定的理论及试验研究。物理学报,2000,49(1):85～93
[44]Yamashita S.et al.Single-polarization operation of fiber distributed feedback(DFB) laser by injection locking.J.lightwaveTech,2000,17(3): 509～513
[45]Park N,Dawson J.W, Valhala K.J.“Multiple wavelength operation of an Erbium-doped fiber laser.”IEEE Phonton.Technol.Lett.,pp:540～541,1992
[46]Shenping Li,Hao Ding and K.T.Chan.“Erbium-doped fiber lasers for dual wavelength operation.”Electron.Lett.,pp:52～53,1997
[47]Jong Chow,Graham Town,Ben Eggleton et al.“Multiwavelength generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser using in-fiber comb filter.”IEEE Photo. Technol.Lett.,pp:60～62,1996
[48]Weis R S,Kersey A D,Berkoff T A.“A four-element fiber grating sensor array with phase sensitive detection.”IEEE Photo.Technol.Lett., pp:1469～1472,1994
[49]Kersey A D,Berkoff T A,Morey W W.“High resolution fiber grating based strain sensor with interferometric wavelength shift detection.” Electron.Lett.,pp:236～238,1992
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