应用于卫星导航射频芯片的中频滤波器研究
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摘要
连续时间滤波器是模拟滤波器的一种。它具有工作在连续时间这一重要特性,所以连续时间滤波器被广泛应用于通信、视频信号处理、计算机存储系统、电阻测量、自动控制等领域,尤其是在数模混合信号和集成电路中有着重要的应用。OTA-C结构的连续时间滤波器具有良好的高频性、极强的电路综合能力和CMOS工艺的可兼容性,被广泛应用于大规模集成电路中。
本文以我国北斗二代卫星导航接收机为课题背景,对OTA-C模拟集成滤波器进行系统的研究。不同于GPS接收机窄带中频滤波器,北斗二代卫星接收机中频滤波器为宽带带通滤波器。所以本文的主要目标是设计功耗低、可集成的“北斗”中频宽带带通滤波器。主要工作是通过研究OTA-C有源滤波器,基于“北斗”接收机基带芯片所需的中频信号特性,确定接收机中频滤波器性能要求。最后采用TMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一款适合于“北斗”系统卫星导航接收机的高带宽中频带通滤波器。
论文首先给出课题研究背景和选题意义,介绍集成有源滤波器发展历程和研究现状。然后给出了CMOS跨导运算放大器的基本概念、基本应用和几种CMOS跨导运算放大器结构,并提出了本课题所采用的OTA结构电路。详细说明了二阶和高阶OTA-C结构滤波器的设计方法,并给出了相应的设计实例,重点阐述了一款适合于卫星接收机的宽带中频滤波器设计实例。ADS仿真结果表明:该OTA-C滤波器的功能和性能满足北斗二代卫星接收机中频滤波器需求。最后,针对滤波器在制造容差,工艺变化,温度漂移以及器件老化影响下,发生频率漂移的问题,给出了几种频率调谐方式。
Continuous-time filters characterized of working continuously are widely used in communications, video signal processing, computer storage systems, electronic measurement, automatic control and so on, especially in the mixed signal circuits of digit and analog. Continuous-time filters structured with OTA-C are applied on a large scale in integrated circuits because they have good high frequency characteristic, electrically controlled ability, and compatibility with CMOS.
This study discusses systematically the OTA-C analog integrated filters on the background of RNSS satellite navigation receiver. RNSS broadband satellite receiver IF filters, different from GPS receiver narrowband IF filters, are Broadband BP filters. The main objective of this study is to design RNSS IF broadband BP filters with less consumption. Main task is to make sure the performance of the receiver IF filters through researching OTA-C active filter and the IF signal required by RNSS receiver. Finally we design a broadband BP IF filter for RNSS navigation satellite receiver system withTMIC 0.18μm CMOS.
Firstly we brief the significance of this study with the developments and states of integrated active filter, and the definition, application, classes of CMOS OTA-C and the OTA circuits used in this study. Then we illustrate several programs and examples with OTA-C structure fully integrated active filters and emphasize the example of fitting the satellite receiver wideband IF filters. ADS simulation result shows that the function and performance of OTA-C filters matched with the RNSS satellite receiver IF filter. Finally, we give several frequency tunings to resolve the frequency drift caused by the manufacturing, process changes, temperature drift and aging device.
本文以我国北斗二代卫星导航接收机为课题背景,对OTA-C模拟集成滤波器进行系统的研究。不同于GPS接收机窄带中频滤波器,北斗二代卫星接收机中频滤波器为宽带带通滤波器。所以本文的主要目标是设计功耗低、可集成的“北斗”中频宽带带通滤波器。主要工作是通过研究OTA-C有源滤波器,基于“北斗”接收机基带芯片所需的中频信号特性,确定接收机中频滤波器性能要求。最后采用TMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一款适合于“北斗”系统卫星导航接收机的高带宽中频带通滤波器。
论文首先给出课题研究背景和选题意义,介绍集成有源滤波器发展历程和研究现状。然后给出了CMOS跨导运算放大器的基本概念、基本应用和几种CMOS跨导运算放大器结构,并提出了本课题所采用的OTA结构电路。详细说明了二阶和高阶OTA-C结构滤波器的设计方法,并给出了相应的设计实例,重点阐述了一款适合于卫星接收机的宽带中频滤波器设计实例。ADS仿真结果表明:该OTA-C滤波器的功能和性能满足北斗二代卫星接收机中频滤波器需求。最后,针对滤波器在制造容差,工艺变化,温度漂移以及器件老化影响下,发生频率漂移的问题,给出了几种频率调谐方式。
Continuous-time filters characterized of working continuously are widely used in communications, video signal processing, computer storage systems, electronic measurement, automatic control and so on, especially in the mixed signal circuits of digit and analog. Continuous-time filters structured with OTA-C are applied on a large scale in integrated circuits because they have good high frequency characteristic, electrically controlled ability, and compatibility with CMOS.
This study discusses systematically the OTA-C analog integrated filters on the background of RNSS satellite navigation receiver. RNSS broadband satellite receiver IF filters, different from GPS receiver narrowband IF filters, are Broadband BP filters. The main objective of this study is to design RNSS IF broadband BP filters with less consumption. Main task is to make sure the performance of the receiver IF filters through researching OTA-C active filter and the IF signal required by RNSS receiver. Finally we design a broadband BP IF filter for RNSS navigation satellite receiver system withTMIC 0.18μm CMOS.
Firstly we brief the significance of this study with the developments and states of integrated active filter, and the definition, application, classes of CMOS OTA-C and the OTA circuits used in this study. Then we illustrate several programs and examples with OTA-C structure fully integrated active filters and emphasize the example of fitting the satellite receiver wideband IF filters. ADS simulation result shows that the function and performance of OTA-C filters matched with the RNSS satellite receiver IF filter. Finally, we give several frequency tunings to resolve the frequency drift caused by the manufacturing, process changes, temperature drift and aging device.
引文
[1] 2012年WLAN芯片市场将超过40亿美元.国际电子商情http://www.esmchina.com./
[2] S.C.Li, H.S.Kao, C.P.Chen and C.C.Su. Low-power fully integrated and tunable CMOS RF wireless receiver for ISM band consumer applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: regular papers. 2005, 52(9):1758-1766
[3] S.Khoram, H.Darabi, Z.Zhou et.al. A fully integrated SoC for 802.11b in 0.18-um CMOS. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits. 2005, 40(12):2492-2501
[4] K.Derzakowski, J.Krupka, A. Abramowicz, Magnetically tunable dielectric resonator and filters. Proc. 34th Euro. Microwave Conference. 2004, 10: 1121-1124.
[5] Sedra, A. S. and P. Brackett, Filter Theory and Design: Active and Passive, Matrix Publishers, 1978
[6] [英]模拟集成电路设计-电流模法.姚玉洁,冯军等译,高等教育出版社,1996
[7] Worawat Sa-Ngiamvibool, Banlue Srisuchinwong. A 10.7-MHz fully balanced, high-Q, 107-dB-dynamic-range current-tunable bandpass filter. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications 2007.
[8]王斌,杨华中,应用于高Q跨导-电容带通滤波器的线性跨导运放设计,半导体学报,2005, 26(10)
[9]高志强,喻明艳,叶以正,一种超高频高Q值CMOS带通滤波器设计,电子器件,2006, 29(4)
[10] K.Manetakis, C.Toumazou, A 50MHz High-Q Bandpass CMOS Filter. IEEE international Symposium on Circuit and System,June9-12,1997.
[11]郭增良,马成炎,袁国顺,低功耗的巴特沃思复数滤波器设计,电子器件,2008年,第31卷第4期
[12] Changsik Yoo, Keewook Jung, Jeong-Woo Lee, A 15MHz,2.6mW,sixth-order Bandpass Gm-C Filter in CMOS, Circuits and Systems, 1997. 6(3): 16 - 319
[13] Mostafa Savadi Oskooei;N. Masoumi;M. Kamarei. A 5.2 mW 240-550 MHz continuous-time low-pass filter and VGA for a UWB receiver in 0.18μm CMOS process. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. 2008, 56(3)
[14]贠磊,李国林,片上锁相环调谐的低功耗中频复数滤波器设计,半导体技术,2008, 33(9)
[15] Wan Peiyuan, Hu Saijun, Lang Wei, Lin Pingfen, 6th Order High Bandwidth High Dynamic Range Gm-C LPF in 0.13μm CMOS. Semiconductor Technology.2009, 34(9)
[16] Chung-Yun Chou ,Chung-Yu Wu, The design of wideband and low-power CMOSactive polyphase filter and its application in RF double-quadrature receivers, Circuits and Systems, May 2005,825– 833
[17] Khorraotabadi H,Gray P.R.High fequency CMOS continuous time filters.IEEE Joumal Solid State Circuits.1984.1:939-948
[18] S.C.Li, H.S.Kao, C.P.Chen and C.C.Su. Low-power fully integrated and tunable CMOS RF wireless receiver for ISM band consumer applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: regular papers. 2005, 52(9):1758-1766.
[19] P.Rossi, A.Liscidini, M.Brandolini, et.al. A variable gain RF front-end, based on a voltage-voltage feedback LNA, for multistandard applications. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits. 2005, 40(3):690-697.
[20] AK Singh, R Senani. Low-component-count active-only immittance and their application inrealising simple multifunction biquads. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(1), 719-719
[21] Jovanovic.S, Nesic.A, A new microstrip band-pass filter for UHF Range Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service,2005.7th International Conference on Volume 1,28-30 Sept.2005 Page(s):167-169
[22] R.Alini, A. Baschirotto, and R. Castello, 8-32 MHz tunable BiCMOS continues-time filter, Proc. ESSIRC 9, pp.9-12, 1991
[23] Wenchang Huang, Sanchez-Sinencio. E; Robust highly linear high-frequency CMOS OTA with IM3 below -70dB at 26MHz; Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on Volume 53, Issue 7, July 2006 Page(s):1433-1447
[24]潘文光,甘业兵等,一种射频前端宽带复数滤波器电路设计.微电子学,2010年04期
[25] Y. Tsividis, M.Banu, and J. Khoury,“Continuous-Time MOSFET-C Filters in 2, Feb. 1986, 125-140.
[26]赵玉山,跨导型放大器-原理.电路与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,1995
[27] P. E. Allen and D.R. Holberg, COMS Analog Circuit Design, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York,1987
[28] Francois Krummenacher and Norberr Joehl. A 4MHz CMOS continuous filter with On-Chip automatic tuning. IEEE Joumal of solid-state circuit, 1998, 23(3):750-758
[29] T Deliyannnis. Continuous-Time Active Filter. Design. New York, CRC Press, 1999
[30] Artur J. Lewinski and Jose Silva-Martinez, A 30-MHz Fifth-order Elliptic Low pass CMOS Filter With 65-dB Spurious-Free Dynamic Range . IEEE Transaction on circuits and system, Vol.54, No.3, 469-480, March.2007
[31]毕查德?拉扎维著;陈贵灿,程军等译,模拟COMS集成滤波器设计.西安交通大学出版社,2002
[32] Y P. Tsividis and J.O. Voorm, Integrated Continuous—Time Filters. New York: IEEE Pres, 1993
[33]美, Behzad Razav, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. Xia Jiao University Press,2003,ISBN 7-5605-1606—8,70-78
[34] ED. Wai-Kai-Chen, The Circuits and filters Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
[35]赵玉山,秦世才,贾香鸾,单片集成CMOS二阶OTA-C连续时间模拟滤波器.半导体学报,1989,10(5):382-386
[36]宋德贤,奚伯清,双二阶OTA-C滤波器的一种设计方法.中国电子路与系统学会第十届年会论文集,杭州,1992
[37] Sanchez-Sinencio E, Geiger R L, Nevarez-Lozano H.Generation of Continuous-Tune Two Integrator Loop OTA Filter Structures. IEEE Trans. On Circuits and Systems, 1988, 35(8):936-946
[38] Geiger RL, Sanchez-Sinencio E. Active Filter Design Using Operational Amplifiers A Tutorial. IEEE Circuits and Devices Mag.1985, 1:20-30
[39] Tsividis, Y.P. Integrated continuous-time filter design. Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,1993, Proceedings of the IEEE 1993, May 9-12, 1993, 6.4.1-6.4.7
[40]郭静波,连续时间电流模式滤波器研究.吉林工业大学博士学位论文,1999王淑艳全集成连续时间滤波器的设计,天津大学博士学位论文,2005
[41]蔡国昌,刘金华.用信号流图设计任意阶OTA-C通用型滤波器.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2000, 28(3):72-75
[42]美Arthur B. Williams, Fred J. Taylor著;宁彦卿,姚金科译,电子滤波器设计.北京:科学出版社.2008
[43]汪金光,王耀南.可调频率跨导电容Chebyshev滤波器的设计及仿真.通信学报2006,27(6):81-86
[44]李联, MOS运算放大器原理设计与应用.上海:复旦大学出版社,1990,1-67
[45] J. Silva-Martinez,M.S.J. Steyaert,and W. Sansen. A Large-signal very low distortion for high-frequency continuous-time filters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol.26, No.7, pp.946-955, July 1991
[46]杨鹏,刘佳芝,杨虹,用于红外接收芯片的OTA-C带通滤波器.电子元件与材料2009,28(2):30-34
[47]马德群,射频系统内低中频滤波器的设计和研究.复旦大学博士论文,2004
[48] Krummenacher F, Joehl N. A 4-MHz CMOS continuous-time filter with on-Chip automatic tuning. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1988,23(3):750
[49] Khourt J M. Design of a 15 MHz CMOS continuous-time filter with on-Chiptuning. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1991.26 (12):1988
[50]王春华,段福长,一种新颖的高阶CMOS OTA-C高通滤波器的设计方法.湘潭大学自然科学学报1999,21(3):92-96
[51] Miroslav D. Lutovac, Dejan V. T, Brian L. Evans著,朱义胜等译,信号处理滤波器设计,北京,电子工业出版社
[52] David Simmonds,Raymond T.Cheung,Taoling Fu,et a. A CDMA Dual-Band Zero-IF Receiver With Integrated LNAs and VCOs inanAdvance SiGBiCMOS Process. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS,VOL.42,NO.6,JUNE 2007
[53]卢宇潇,GPS接收机内带镜像抑制的中频滤波器设计,上海交通大学硕士论文,2008
[2] S.C.Li, H.S.Kao, C.P.Chen and C.C.Su. Low-power fully integrated and tunable CMOS RF wireless receiver for ISM band consumer applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: regular papers. 2005, 52(9):1758-1766
[3] S.Khoram, H.Darabi, Z.Zhou et.al. A fully integrated SoC for 802.11b in 0.18-um CMOS. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits. 2005, 40(12):2492-2501
[4] K.Derzakowski, J.Krupka, A. Abramowicz, Magnetically tunable dielectric resonator and filters. Proc. 34th Euro. Microwave Conference. 2004, 10: 1121-1124.
[5] Sedra, A. S. and P. Brackett, Filter Theory and Design: Active and Passive, Matrix Publishers, 1978
[6] [英]模拟集成电路设计-电流模法.姚玉洁,冯军等译,高等教育出版社,1996
[7] Worawat Sa-Ngiamvibool, Banlue Srisuchinwong. A 10.7-MHz fully balanced, high-Q, 107-dB-dynamic-range current-tunable bandpass filter. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications 2007.
[8]王斌,杨华中,应用于高Q跨导-电容带通滤波器的线性跨导运放设计,半导体学报,2005, 26(10)
[9]高志强,喻明艳,叶以正,一种超高频高Q值CMOS带通滤波器设计,电子器件,2006, 29(4)
[10] K.Manetakis, C.Toumazou, A 50MHz High-Q Bandpass CMOS Filter. IEEE international Symposium on Circuit and System,June9-12,1997.
[11]郭增良,马成炎,袁国顺,低功耗的巴特沃思复数滤波器设计,电子器件,2008年,第31卷第4期
[12] Changsik Yoo, Keewook Jung, Jeong-Woo Lee, A 15MHz,2.6mW,sixth-order Bandpass Gm-C Filter in CMOS, Circuits and Systems, 1997. 6(3): 16 - 319
[13] Mostafa Savadi Oskooei;N. Masoumi;M. Kamarei. A 5.2 mW 240-550 MHz continuous-time low-pass filter and VGA for a UWB receiver in 0.18μm CMOS process. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. 2008, 56(3)
[14]贠磊,李国林,片上锁相环调谐的低功耗中频复数滤波器设计,半导体技术,2008, 33(9)
[15] Wan Peiyuan, Hu Saijun, Lang Wei, Lin Pingfen, 6th Order High Bandwidth High Dynamic Range Gm-C LPF in 0.13μm CMOS. Semiconductor Technology.2009, 34(9)
[16] Chung-Yun Chou ,Chung-Yu Wu, The design of wideband and low-power CMOSactive polyphase filter and its application in RF double-quadrature receivers, Circuits and Systems, May 2005,825– 833
[17] Khorraotabadi H,Gray P.R.High fequency CMOS continuous time filters.IEEE Joumal Solid State Circuits.1984.1:939-948
[18] S.C.Li, H.S.Kao, C.P.Chen and C.C.Su. Low-power fully integrated and tunable CMOS RF wireless receiver for ISM band consumer applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I: regular papers. 2005, 52(9):1758-1766.
[19] P.Rossi, A.Liscidini, M.Brandolini, et.al. A variable gain RF front-end, based on a voltage-voltage feedback LNA, for multistandard applications. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits. 2005, 40(3):690-697.
[20] AK Singh, R Senani. Low-component-count active-only immittance and their application inrealising simple multifunction biquads. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(1), 719-719
[21] Jovanovic.S, Nesic.A, A new microstrip band-pass filter for UHF Range Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service,2005.7th International Conference on Volume 1,28-30 Sept.2005 Page(s):167-169
[22] R.Alini, A. Baschirotto, and R. Castello, 8-32 MHz tunable BiCMOS continues-time filter, Proc. ESSIRC 9, pp.9-12, 1991
[23] Wenchang Huang, Sanchez-Sinencio. E; Robust highly linear high-frequency CMOS OTA with IM3 below -70dB at 26MHz; Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on Volume 53, Issue 7, July 2006 Page(s):1433-1447
[24]潘文光,甘业兵等,一种射频前端宽带复数滤波器电路设计.微电子学,2010年04期
[25] Y. Tsividis, M.Banu, and J. Khoury,“Continuous-Time MOSFET-C Filters in 2, Feb. 1986, 125-140.
[26]赵玉山,跨导型放大器-原理.电路与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,1995
[27] P. E. Allen and D.R. Holberg, COMS Analog Circuit Design, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York,1987
[28] Francois Krummenacher and Norberr Joehl. A 4MHz CMOS continuous filter with On-Chip automatic tuning. IEEE Joumal of solid-state circuit, 1998, 23(3):750-758
[29] T Deliyannnis. Continuous-Time Active Filter. Design. New York, CRC Press, 1999
[30] Artur J. Lewinski and Jose Silva-Martinez, A 30-MHz Fifth-order Elliptic Low pass CMOS Filter With 65-dB Spurious-Free Dynamic Range . IEEE Transaction on circuits and system, Vol.54, No.3, 469-480, March.2007
[31]毕查德?拉扎维著;陈贵灿,程军等译,模拟COMS集成滤波器设计.西安交通大学出版社,2002
[32] Y P. Tsividis and J.O. Voorm, Integrated Continuous—Time Filters. New York: IEEE Pres, 1993
[33]美, Behzad Razav, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. Xia Jiao University Press,2003,ISBN 7-5605-1606—8,70-78
[34] ED. Wai-Kai-Chen, The Circuits and filters Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
[35]赵玉山,秦世才,贾香鸾,单片集成CMOS二阶OTA-C连续时间模拟滤波器.半导体学报,1989,10(5):382-386
[36]宋德贤,奚伯清,双二阶OTA-C滤波器的一种设计方法.中国电子路与系统学会第十届年会论文集,杭州,1992
[37] Sanchez-Sinencio E, Geiger R L, Nevarez-Lozano H.Generation of Continuous-Tune Two Integrator Loop OTA Filter Structures. IEEE Trans. On Circuits and Systems, 1988, 35(8):936-946
[38] Geiger RL, Sanchez-Sinencio E. Active Filter Design Using Operational Amplifiers A Tutorial. IEEE Circuits and Devices Mag.1985, 1:20-30
[39] Tsividis, Y.P. Integrated continuous-time filter design. Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,1993, Proceedings of the IEEE 1993, May 9-12, 1993, 6.4.1-6.4.7
[40]郭静波,连续时间电流模式滤波器研究.吉林工业大学博士学位论文,1999王淑艳全集成连续时间滤波器的设计,天津大学博士学位论文,2005
[41]蔡国昌,刘金华.用信号流图设计任意阶OTA-C通用型滤波器.湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2000, 28(3):72-75
[42]美Arthur B. Williams, Fred J. Taylor著;宁彦卿,姚金科译,电子滤波器设计.北京:科学出版社.2008
[43]汪金光,王耀南.可调频率跨导电容Chebyshev滤波器的设计及仿真.通信学报2006,27(6):81-86
[44]李联, MOS运算放大器原理设计与应用.上海:复旦大学出版社,1990,1-67
[45] J. Silva-Martinez,M.S.J. Steyaert,and W. Sansen. A Large-signal very low distortion for high-frequency continuous-time filters. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol.26, No.7, pp.946-955, July 1991
[46]杨鹏,刘佳芝,杨虹,用于红外接收芯片的OTA-C带通滤波器.电子元件与材料2009,28(2):30-34
[47]马德群,射频系统内低中频滤波器的设计和研究.复旦大学博士论文,2004
[48] Krummenacher F, Joehl N. A 4-MHz CMOS continuous-time filter with on-Chip automatic tuning. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1988,23(3):750
[49] Khourt J M. Design of a 15 MHz CMOS continuous-time filter with on-Chiptuning. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1991.26 (12):1988
[50]王春华,段福长,一种新颖的高阶CMOS OTA-C高通滤波器的设计方法.湘潭大学自然科学学报1999,21(3):92-96
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