气溶胶旋流捕获过程实验研究
摘要
气溶胶污染的防治问题是当前能源环境领域的研究热点和难点,然而迄今为止在工程中缺乏普适性的气溶胶捕集设备。本文针对气体中液体气溶胶微粒(以下简称微液滴)的分离捕集,设计了不同公称直径的五种微旋流器,搭建了配有相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)、图像法粒度仪的微旋流捕集装置,测试研究了微旋流器的结构参数和操作条件对分离压降和效率的影响。主要结论如下：
(1)发现了气液旋流分离过程中气体泄漏强化分离过程的现象,发明了底流漏气强化分离的工艺,建立了漏气强化旋流分离的实验装置。在漏气工况下,DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器的压降有所增加,而DN75微旋流器则由于液腿内湍动能耗降低出现了压降减小的情况,在含液浓度为0.5g/m3,微液滴平均粒径为7gm条件下,DN75微旋流器的最高分离效率从95%攀升至98%。
(2)与DN25、DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器相比,DN75微旋流器的分离效率更高,在压降为32mmH20、含液浓度为0.5g/m3,微液滴平均粒径为7μm条件下,DN75微旋流器的出口气体含液浓度仅为25mg/m3,优于国家标准GB13223-2003。
(3)DN75、DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器的极限压降Δ乃分别为32mmH20、25mmH2O、20mmH2O、34mmH20,仅为常规旋风分离器的1/5-1/3,而对应的进气速度均为8.4m/s。文中还建立了新压降计算模型。
The aerosol prevention and treatment is the hot issue in the field of energy and environment but with many difficulties. No economical equipments are available for aerosol capturing in engineering practice up to now. It is designed in this article 5 types of mini-cyclones for aerosol capturing with different nominal diameters. A set of equipments with Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) for cold model experiments is established and the influence of the structural and operational parameters on the pressure drop and separation efficiency is studied. The main work in this research is listed as following:
(1) The enhanced separation with air leak is found in gas-liquid cyclonic separation and the enhancement process with air leak is invented and the equipment based on this process is established. The pressure drop of three mini-cyclones (DN100, DN150 and DN200) increase slightly with air leak, while that of the DN75 mini-cyclone decreases due to the decreased energy consumption of turbulence in the dipleg, meanwhile the maximum separation efficiency increase from 95% up to 98% and the correspondent split ratio to the highest efficiency is 10%.
(2) Compared with four mini-cyclones (DN25, DN100, DN150 and DN200), the separation efficiency of the DN75 mini-cyclone reaches to a higher level. The liquid concentration of outlet gas is only 25mg/m3 when the air volume is 40m3/h, the liquid concentration is 0.5g/m3 and the average droplet size is 7μm, superior to National Standard GB13223-2003.
(3) The extreme pressure drop of four mini-cyclones (DN75, DN100, DN150 and DN200) is 32mmH2O,25mmH2O,20mmH2O,34mmH2O respectively, only 1/5～1/3 of that of conventional cyclone, while the inlet air velocity of them is all for 8.4m/s. In this paper, a brand-new model for pressure prediction is also established.
(1)发现了气液旋流分离过程中气体泄漏强化分离过程的现象,发明了底流漏气强化分离的工艺,建立了漏气强化旋流分离的实验装置。在漏气工况下,DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器的压降有所增加,而DN75微旋流器则由于液腿内湍动能耗降低出现了压降减小的情况,在含液浓度为0.5g/m3,微液滴平均粒径为7gm条件下,DN75微旋流器的最高分离效率从95%攀升至98%。
(2)与DN25、DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器相比,DN75微旋流器的分离效率更高,在压降为32mmH20、含液浓度为0.5g/m3,微液滴平均粒径为7μm条件下,DN75微旋流器的出口气体含液浓度仅为25mg/m3,优于国家标准GB13223-2003。
(3)DN75、DN100、DN150、DN200微旋流器的极限压降Δ乃分别为32mmH20、25mmH2O、20mmH2O、34mmH20,仅为常规旋风分离器的1/5-1/3,而对应的进气速度均为8.4m/s。文中还建立了新压降计算模型。
The aerosol prevention and treatment is the hot issue in the field of energy and environment but with many difficulties. No economical equipments are available for aerosol capturing in engineering practice up to now. It is designed in this article 5 types of mini-cyclones for aerosol capturing with different nominal diameters. A set of equipments with Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) for cold model experiments is established and the influence of the structural and operational parameters on the pressure drop and separation efficiency is studied. The main work in this research is listed as following:
(1) The enhanced separation with air leak is found in gas-liquid cyclonic separation and the enhancement process with air leak is invented and the equipment based on this process is established. The pressure drop of three mini-cyclones (DN100, DN150 and DN200) increase slightly with air leak, while that of the DN75 mini-cyclone decreases due to the decreased energy consumption of turbulence in the dipleg, meanwhile the maximum separation efficiency increase from 95% up to 98% and the correspondent split ratio to the highest efficiency is 10%.
(2) Compared with four mini-cyclones (DN25, DN100, DN150 and DN200), the separation efficiency of the DN75 mini-cyclone reaches to a higher level. The liquid concentration of outlet gas is only 25mg/m3 when the air volume is 40m3/h, the liquid concentration is 0.5g/m3 and the average droplet size is 7μm, superior to National Standard GB13223-2003.
(3) The extreme pressure drop of four mini-cyclones (DN75, DN100, DN150 and DN200) is 32mmH2O,25mmH2O,20mmH2O,34mmH2O respectively, only 1/5～1/3 of that of conventional cyclone, while the inlet air velocity of them is all for 8.4m/s. In this paper, a brand-new model for pressure prediction is also established.
引文
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[4]朱法华.袋式除尘技术的发展及其在燃煤电厂烟气处理中的应用.中国电力,2002,35(8)：1-6
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[6]吕文杰,汪华林,毛松柏等.烟道气二氧化碳捕集系统尾气旋转流净化方法与装置.申请号：CN201110085039.4；申请日：2011-04-08
[7]肖云鹏,沈其松,李剑平,李志明.低入口浓度下微旋风分离器的试验研究.化工机械,2011,38(6)：687-691
[8]Albam J. Lynch, Chester A. Rowland. The history of grinding. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.(SME), Colorado, USA,2005:149-152
[9]Chun-Jinn Tsai, Sheng-Chieh Chen, Rafal Przekop, Arkadiusz Moskal. Study of an axial flow cyclone to remove nanoparticles in vacuum, Environ. Sci. Technol.,2007,41: 1689-1695
[10]Zhishan Bai, Zhuoqun Qian, Ji Ma, Ping Zhou, Yanhong Zhang, Hualin Wang. Process and apparatus for separating and recovering waste alkali from cyclohexane oxidation solution, U.S. Patent, Application NO.12/358,004
[11]Sie Huey Lee, Desmond Heng, Wai Kiong Ng, Hak-Kim Chan, Reginald B.H. Tan. Nano spray drying:A novel method for preparing protein nanoparticles for protein therapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics,2011,403(1-2):192-200
[12]范文正,于海滨.直升机进气防护装置的现状和发展趋势.航空科学技术,2000,1：31-32
[13]A.D. Maynard. A simple model of axial flow cyclone performance under laminar flow conditions. Journal of Aerosol Science,2000,31(2):156-167
[14]F.T.M. Nieuwstadt, M. Dirkzwager. A fluid mechanics model for an axial cyclone separator. Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research,1995,34(10):3399-3404
[15]J.K. Briant, O.R. Moss. The influence of electrostatic charge on the performance of 10-mm nylon cyclones. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,1984,45(7): 440-445
[16]郝文阁,王尚元,丁妹,吴岩.微型旋风器分离超细粉尘的性能.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(4)：581-584
[17]L.C. Kenny, R. Gussman, M. Meyer. Development of a sharp-cut cyclone for ambient aerosol monitoring applications. Aerosol Science and Technology,2000,32(4): 338-358
[18]金有海,时铭显.PDC型高效旋风管的开发研究.石油炼制与化工,1996,27(2)：47-52
[19]江津河,李建,李建隆.环流式旋风分离器用于超细颗粒分级的实验研究.潍坊学院学报,2010,10(2)：85-87
[20]G.E. Kouba,O. Shoham, S. Shirazi. Design and performance of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone separators. BHR Group 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow,1995: 307-327
[21]魏伟胜,樊建华,鲍晓军,石冈.旋流板式气液分离器的放大规律.过程工程学报,2003,3(5)：390-395
[22]罗晓兰,易伟,张海玲,魏耀东.高入口浓度下PV型旋风分离器的分离效率计算.化工学报,2010,61(9)：2417-2423
[23]黄盛珠,马春元,吴少华.下排气旋风分离器的改进设计.动力工程,2004,24(5)：736-738
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