表面活性剂辅助的低维纳米材料的合成
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摘要
由于纳米材料具有许多与传统材料不同的物理和化学性质，并在电子、光学、机械、生物、医药、催化等领域显示出极大的应用价值，因此，纳米材料的制备一直是纳米科技领域内倍受关注的焦点之一，以模板法制备纳米材料是科研工作者广泛接受的方法。随着胶体与界面科学的逐渐发展，表面活性剂在溶液中形成的各种两亲分子有序组合体逐渐被人们认为是用来合成纳米粒子的有效“软模板”。
本文分别利用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、壬基-酚基-聚乙氧基醚（O(）和十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）形成的不同软模板合成了具有不同形貌的Ag和BaWO4纳米粒子。将水热法应用到了CTAB四组分微乳体系当中，合成了具有特殊形貌的BaWO4和ZnO纳米粒子，并探讨了水热处理时间和表面活性剂浓度对产物形貌的影响。
分别在SDS和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）胶束体系中合成了聚吡咯纳米粒子，发现了能够直接调整聚吡咯分子的共轭结构，同时显著提高其电导率的有效方法，并考察了其中所遵循的规律。以SDS在水溶液中形成的胶束为软模板，低温下合成了具有较大纵横比的聚吡咯纳米管。
利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、热失重分析（TGA）、和四探针电导率仪等测试手段对产物的形貌、结构、结晶性、热稳定性和导电性等性质进行了一系列的表征。
The fabricatiOn of nanomaterials has been one of the focuses of
nanotechnology since their unusual physical and chemical properties and
DOtential applications in electronics，optics，mechanics，biology,medicine and catalysis． Employing appropriate templates to synthesize nanomateriaIs is a welcome technique．With the development of colloid and interface science，many kinds of ordered aggregation of amphiphilic surfactant have been considered the efficient“soft template”to prepare nanoparticles．
In mis article.different soft templates formed by sodium dodecyl
sulfate(SDS)，nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether(oπ-1 0)and
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)were used to fabricate Ag and
BaW04 nanoparticles having different morphologies．We demonstrated the
preparation BaW04 and ZnO nanoparticles with novel morphologies
through a simple a quatemary microemulsion—medimed hydrothermal
procedure．The influences of the hydrothermaltreating time and the
concentration of surfactant on the morphology were also discussed．
We obtained polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles in SDS and sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS)micellar solution．At the same time，a
simple method to adjust the conjugating structure of PPy molecular and to improve the conductivity of PPy nanoparticles has been found，and the
rules in this adusting process were studied．At low temperature we
fabricated PPy nanotubes with high aspect-ratio in SDS micellar solution．
The procucts were characterized by transmission electron microscope
(TEM)．scanning electron microscope(SEM)，infrared spectra(IR)，Ultra
Violet．visible spectra(UV．vis)，Raman spectra(Raman)，X-ray diffraction
(XRD)，thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)，and electrical conductivities
were measured by four—probe technique．
本文分别利用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、壬基-酚基-聚乙氧基醚（O(）和十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）形成的不同软模板合成了具有不同形貌的Ag和BaWO4纳米粒子。将水热法应用到了CTAB四组分微乳体系当中，合成了具有特殊形貌的BaWO4和ZnO纳米粒子，并探讨了水热处理时间和表面活性剂浓度对产物形貌的影响。
分别在SDS和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）胶束体系中合成了聚吡咯纳米粒子，发现了能够直接调整聚吡咯分子的共轭结构，同时显著提高其电导率的有效方法，并考察了其中所遵循的规律。以SDS在水溶液中形成的胶束为软模板，低温下合成了具有较大纵横比的聚吡咯纳米管。
利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、热失重分析（TGA）、和四探针电导率仪等测试手段对产物的形貌、结构、结晶性、热稳定性和导电性等性质进行了一系列的表征。
The fabricatiOn of nanomaterials has been one of the focuses of
nanotechnology since their unusual physical and chemical properties and
DOtential applications in electronics，optics，mechanics，biology,medicine and catalysis． Employing appropriate templates to synthesize nanomateriaIs is a welcome technique．With the development of colloid and interface science，many kinds of ordered aggregation of amphiphilic surfactant have been considered the efficient“soft template”to prepare nanoparticles．
In mis article.different soft templates formed by sodium dodecyl
sulfate(SDS)，nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether(oπ-1 0)and
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)were used to fabricate Ag and
BaW04 nanoparticles having different morphologies．We demonstrated the
preparation BaW04 and ZnO nanoparticles with novel morphologies
through a simple a quatemary microemulsion—medimed hydrothermal
procedure．The influences of the hydrothermaltreating time and the
concentration of surfactant on the morphology were also discussed．
We obtained polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles in SDS and sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS)micellar solution．At the same time，a
simple method to adjust the conjugating structure of PPy molecular and to improve the conductivity of PPy nanoparticles has been found，and the
rules in this adusting process were studied．At low temperature we
fabricated PPy nanotubes with high aspect-ratio in SDS micellar solution．
The procucts were characterized by transmission electron microscope
(TEM)．scanning electron microscope(SEM)，infrared spectra(IR)，Ultra
Violet．visible spectra(UV．vis)，Raman spectra(Raman)，X-ray diffraction
(XRD)，thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)，and electrical conductivities
were measured by four—probe technique．
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